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©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Radiol. Oct 28, 2014; 6(10): 756-778
Published online Oct 28, 2014. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v6.i10.756
Published online Oct 28, 2014. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v6.i10.756
Table 1 Advantages and disadvantages of imaging methods
Modality | Advantages | Disadvantages |
PET | Unlikely to disrupt implant placement or function Widely available Technically simple to combine with DBS (relative to fMRI) Customized radiotracers to measure binding capacity | Cost, availability and health risks of radiotracers Static data (averaged over set time interval) Poor temporal and spatial resolution (relative to fMRI) Difficult to interpret data (receptor binding vs density) |
MRI | Time-locked data High temporal and spatial resolution (relative to PET) Flexible data acquisition, processing and analysis Possible analysis of ON and OFF settings | BOLD signal interpretation (temporal lag, anatomical imprecision) DBS safety considerations (lead migration, secondary lesioning) Possible deactivation of implanted impulse generators Potential DBS-related artifacts on images |
Table 2 Obsessive compulsive disorder deep brain stimulation targets: Activation/deactivation of cortical and subcortical targets
STN_DBS | ALIC_DBS | VCVS_DBS | |
Frontal cortex | ↑Nuttin1a | ||
Medial frontal gyrus | ↓Le Jeune1f | ||
Inferior frontal gyrus | ↓Zuo1b | ||
Supplementary motor area | ↑Min1b,5 | ↓Zuo2 | |
Prefrontal cortex | ↑ Knight1d,7 | ||
Lateral PFC | ↓Figee1b,2,↓ Knight | ||
Dorsolateral PFC | ↑Min1b,5 | ↑Sturm, ↑ Knight | |
Medial PFC | ↓Le Jeune2 | ↓Figee1a,2 , ↑ Knight | |
Cingulate | ↑Sturm; ↑ Knight1d,7 | ||
Anterior cingulate cortex | ↑Min1b; ↓Le Jeune1f | ↓Zuo1b,2 | ↑ Knight1d; ↑Rauch1f |
Orbitofrontal cortex | ↓Le Jeune2 | ↓Zuo1b; ↓Abelson3 | ↑Rauch1f |
Insula | ↑Min1b | ↑ Figee; ↑Knight1d,6 | |
Striatum | ↑ Nuttin1a | ||
Caudate | ↑Min1b | ↓Zuo1b | ↑Figee |
Putamen | ↑Min1b | ↑Figee; ↓Sturm;↑Rauch1f | |
Nucleus accumbens | ↑Figee1c | ||
Temporal cortex | ↑ Min1b,4 | ||
Superior temporal gyrus | ↓Zuo1b ;↑Nuttin1a | ||
Medial temporal gyrus | ↑Nuttin1a | ||
Thalamus | ↑ Min1b,4 | ↓Zuo1b | ↑Figee; ↓Knight1d,6; ↑Rauch1f |
Pons | ↑Nuttin1a | ||
Hippocampus/parahippocampus | ↑ Min1b,4 | ↑ Knight1d,6 | |
Globus pallidus | ↑ Rauch1f |
Table 3 Treatment-resistant depression deep brain stimulation targets: Activation/deactivation of cortical and subcortical targets
NAc_DBS | SCG_DBS | DLFPC_ EpCS | |
Frontal cortex | |||
Ventral superior frontal sulcus | ↓Bewernick1c | ||
Dorsal superior frontal sulcus | ↓Bewernick1c | ||
Medial frontal gyrus | ↑Schlaepfer; ↓Bewernick1c | ||
Superior frontal gyrus | ↑Schlaepfer | ↓Kopell2 | |
Inferior frontal gyrus | ↓Schlaepfer1a | ||
Prefrontal cortex (PFC) | ↑Knight1d,11 | ||
Dorsomedial PFC | ↑Schlaepfer1a | ↓Lozano4 | |
Dorsolateral PFC | ↑Schlaepfer1a | ↑Mayberg8; ↓ Lozano4,6f | ↑Kopell1f;↓Kopell2 |
Ventral prefrontal | |||
Ventrolateral prefrontal | ↓Schlaepfer1a; ↑Knight | ↑Lozano6f | |
Ventromedial prefrontal | ↓Schlaepfer1a | ↑Lozano4 | |
Medial prefrontal | ↓Mayberg8 | ||
Dorsal frontal pole | ↓Lozano4 | ||
Ventral frontal pole | ↓Lozano4 | ||
Cingulate | ↑Schlaepfer1a; ↑Knight1d,11 | ||
Posterior cingulate | ↓Bewernick1c | ↑Mayberg7b; ↑Lozano5 | ↓Kopell2 |
Subgenual cingulate | ↓Bewernick1c,2 | ↓Mayberg7b; ↑Lozano4 | |
Anterior cingulate | ↓Schlaepfer1a; ↑Knight1d | ↑Mayberg8; ↓Lozano6f | |
Orbitofrontal cortex | ↓Bewernick1e | ↓Mayberg9b | ↑Kopell1f |
Lateral orbitofrontal | ↑Lozano4 | ||
Medial orbitofrontal | ↓Lozano6f | ||
Premotor cortex | ↑Mayberg7b; ↑Lozano3 | ||
Dorsolateral premotor | ↓Lozano3 | ||
Striatum | |||
Ventral striatum | ↑Schlaepfer1a; ↑Knight | ||
Caudate | ↓Bewernick1c; ↑Schlaepfer1c | ↑(rostral) ↓(caudal)Lozano4 | |
Putamen | ↑Schlaepfer | ||
Insula | ↓Schlaepfer1a; ↑Knight1d | ↓Mayberg7b; ↑Lozano4 | |
Amygdala | ↑Schlaepfer1a; ↑Bewernick1c,2 | ||
Pons | ↓Lozano5 | ||
Thalamus | ↓Bewernick1c; ↓Schlaepfer1a↓Knight1d,10 | ||
Hypothalamus | ↓Mayberg7b | ||
Hippocampus/parahippocampus | ↑Schlaepfer; ↑Knight1d | ↑Lozano45 |
Table 4 Tourette syndrome deep brain stimulation targets: Activation/deactivation of cortical and subcortical targets
Gpi_DBS | Thalamic_DBS | Nac-ALIC_DBS | Pf_DBS | CM_DBS | |
Prefrontal cortex | ↓Min6 | ↑Knight1d,5 | ↑Kim7,8b,9,10b | ↑Kim7,8a,9,10a | |
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | ↑Min1b | ||||
Cingulate | |||||
Anterior cingulate cortex | ↑Min1b | ||||
Dorsalanterior cingulate cortex | ↑Knight4 | ↓Kim7810 | ↓Kim7a,8,9,10 | ||
Dorsal Posterior cingulate cortex | ↓Kim7,8a,10 | ↓Kim7d,8,9,10 | |||
Motor cortex | |||||
Primary motor cortex | ↑Min1b | ↓Kim7,8a ,9,10a | ↓Kim7,8b,9,10a | ||
Premotor cortex | ↑Min1b | ↓Kim7,8a,9,10a | ↓Kim7a,e,f, 8ba,9a,10a | ||
Primary somatosensory cortex | ↑Min1b | ↓Kim7,8a,9,10a | ↓Kim7,8,9,10a | ||
Insula | ↑Min1b | ↑Knight1d,4 | ↓Kim79↑ 8a,10a | ↓Kim78910 | |
Temporal lobe | |||||
Inferior temporal gyrus | ↓Kuhn | ↓Kim7↑8a,10 | ↓Kim79↑810 | ||
Striatum | |||||
Caudate | ↑Min1b | ↓Kuhn ↓Vernaleken | ↓Kim810 | ↑Kim7↓810 | |
Putamen | ↑Kuhn ↑Vernaleken | ↓Kim810 | ↑Kim7↓810 | ||
Thalamus | ↓Kuhn ↓Vernaleken | ↓Knight1d,4 | |||
Right thalamus | ↑ Kuhn2 | ||||
Left thalamus | ↓Kuhn3 | ||||
Central thalamic nucleus | ↑Kim8 | ||||
Hippocampus | ↓Kim7810 | ↓Kim8 | |||
Parahippocampal cortex | ↑Knight1d,4 | ↓Kim7810 | ↓Kim7810 |
Table 5 Parkinson’s disease deep brain stimulation targets-limbic effects
STN_DBS | |
Prefrontal | |
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | ↑Hilker1b |
Lateral prefrontal cortex | ↑Stefurak1b |
Cingulate | |
Posterior cingulate | ↓Stefurak1b; ↑Hilker1b |
Anterior cingulate cortex | ↑Stefurak1b; ↑Hilker1b |
Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex | ↓Stefurak1b |
Frontal cortex | ↑Stefurak |
Medial frontal cortex | ↓Stefurak1b |
Medial superior frontal | ↑Stefurak1b |
Orbitofrontal cortex | ↑Hilker1b |
Parietal Inferior lobule | ↑Hilker1b |
Frontal motor cortex | ↑Stefurak1b |
Premotor cortex | ↑Stefurak1b |
Primary motor cortex | ↑Stefurak1b |
Medial supplementary motor area | ↓Stefurak1b |
Ipsilateral parietal lobe | ↓Stefurak1b |
Insula | ↑Stefurak1b |
Superior temporal gyrus | ↑Stefurak1b |
Middle temporal gyrus | ↓Hilker1b |
Inferior temporal gyrus | ↑Stefurak1b |
Striatum | |
Caudate | ↓Stefurak1b |
Putamen | ↑Stefurak1b |
Lentiform nucleus | ↑Hilker1b |
Thalamus | |
Ventrolateral thalamus | ↑Stefurak; ↑Hilker1a |
Ventroanterior thalamus | ↑Stefurak1b |
Dorsomedial nuclei of Thalamus | ↑Stefurak1b |
Pons | ↑Stefurak1b |
Midbrain | ↑Stefurak1b |
Cerebellum | ↑Stefurak1b |
Right Cerebellar posterior lobe | ↑Hilker1a |
Left Cerebellar posterior lobe | ↓Hilker1b |
Parahippocampal cortex | ↑Stefurak1b |
Occipital lobe | ↓Stefurak1b |
- Citation: Williams NR, Taylor JJ, Lamb K, Hanlon CA, Short EB, George MS. Role of functional imaging in the development and refinement of invasive neuromodulation for psychiatric disorders. World J Radiol 2014; 6(10): 756-778
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8470/full/v6/i10/756.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v6.i10.756