Ultrasound- and MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery for prostate cancer

Table 1 Results of high intensity focused ultrasound in terms of survival free disease and negative biopsy rate[11]

Survival free disease (yr)					Negative biopsies rate (mo)
1	2	3	5	7	86% (3)
78%-84%	0%-91%	20%-86%	45%-84%	69%	80% (5)

Table 2 Complications in Ablatherm and Sonablate series[11]

	Ablatherm	Sonablate
Bladder neck/urethral stricture stenosis	2%-17%	4%-30%
Urinary tract infection	2%-58%	4%-24%
Urinary incontinence	2%-34%	1%-2%
Urinary retention	3%-14%	1%-13%
Impotence		20%-39%
Rectal burn	0%-15%	-
Rectourethral fistula	0%-3%	-

Table 3 The most recent papers on magnetic resonance guided focus ultrasound surgery prostate treatment

	Population	MR scan	Protocol
Napoli et al[23]	3 humans patients prior radical prostatectomy	Transrectal probe	-
		3 T
Cheng et al[24]	18 humans patients with low risk PC	Transrectal probe	-
		3 T
Siddiqui et al[20]	5 humans patients with localized PC	Transurethral probe	Temperature monitor with PRF sequences
	17 dogs	1.5 T and 3 T
McDannold et al[25]	4 dogs	Transrectal probe	Temperature monitor with FSP GR (single slice fast spoiled gradient). T1 w post treatment
		3 T
Kinsey et al[19]	3 dogs	Transurethral probe	Monitor of temperature with PRF

MR: Magnetic resonance; PC: Prostate cancer; FSP GR: Fast spoiled gradient; PRF: Proton resonance frequency.

Table 4 Comparison between high intensity focused ultrasound and magnetic resonance guided focus ultrasound surgery in prostate cancer treatment

	HIFU	MRgFUS
Number of published patients (pt)	3018 patients[3]	5 patients[21]
		21 patients[24,25] reported in International Meeting and Congress
Free biological disease survival rate	1 yr survival rate: 78%-84%[11]	No provide
Complication rate	0%-58%[11]	No provide in human patients
Retreatment	7%-43%[7]	None

HIFU: High intensity focused ultrasound; MRgFUS: Magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound surgery.