Role of multi-parametric ultrasonography for the assessment and monitoring of functional status of renal allografts with histopathological correlation

Table 1 Distribution of demographic and baseline clinical values in study group (n = 71; male: 66, female: 5)

Variable data	Age	Ht	Wt	BMI	SBP	DBP	SCR	eGFR
Mean	31.68	1.64	54.58	20.34	154	97	1.27	82.95
Median	30.00	1.65	54.00	19.75	155	97	1.19	77.04
SD	8.91	0.07	9.02	3.13	19	12	0.81	32.65
Min	18	1.50	36	15.01	110	70	0.51	8.77
Max	55	1.82	77	27.28	196	130	7.28	188.52

BMI: Body mass index; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (using MDRD formula); Ht: Height in meters; Max: Maximum; Min: Minimum; SCR: Serum creatinine; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; Wt: Weight in kg.

Table 2 Comparison of baseline kPa and m/s values of renal cortical stiffness among patients with stable graft function & patients with acute graft dysfunction

Groups/variables		n	Mean	SD	95%CI		P value
					Lower	Upper
kPa	Normal	57	30.21	2.03	29.67	30.74	0.305
	Acute	14	31.07	2.88	29.41	32.73
M/S	Normal	57	3.17	0.11	3.14	3.19	0.252
	Acute	14	3.22	0.15	3.13	3.31

Data were compared using independent samples t-test. P value < 0.05: Significant difference. Acute: Patients with acute graft dysfunction; Max: Maximum; Min: Minimum.

Table 3 Change in the kPa and m/s values over time

Time	Change in the kPa values over time				Change in the m/s values over time
	Mean	SD	Median	P value	Mean	SD	Median	P value
Baseline	30.24	2.06	30.08	-	3.17	0.11	3.15	-
FU1	29.52	2.14	29.59	0.002	3.12	0.12	3.13	0.001
FU2	29.04	1.89	28.9	< 0.001	3.09	0.1	3.1	< 0.001
FU3	29.18	1.76	29.11	< 0.001	3.11	0.09	3.12	< 0.001
FU4	29.29	1.37	29.2	0.003	3.12	0.08	3.1	0.005

Paired samples t-test was used to compare between baseline to follow up values. FU: Follow up.

Table 4 Comparison of shear wave elastography and interlobar artery resistive index values between biopsy positive and biopsy negative acute graft dysfunction (within-group B)

Biopsy proven?		Young’s modulus in kPa		Shear wave velocity in m/s		ILA RI
		No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
Baseline	n	8	6	8	6	8	6
	Mean	30.77	31.29	3.19	3.23	0.66	0.65
	SD	3.43	2.62	0.19	0.13	0.13	0.09
	P value	0.766		0.704		0.943
1st FU	n	6	2	6	2	6	2
	Mean	30.70	30.81	3.19	3.20	0.61	0.67
	SD	3.98	0.81	0.20	0.04	0.09	0.04
	P value	0.951		0.948		0.229
2nd FU	n	9	2	9	2	9	2
	Mean	28.50	33.27	3.06	3.32	0.66	0.62
	SD	2.73	1.04	0.15	0.05	0.05	0.08
	P value	0.010		0.006		0.646
3rd FU	n	5	4	5	4	5	4
	Mean	28.06	31.64	3.06	3.24	0.63	0.68
	SD	1.66	1.83	0.09	0.10	0.07	0.07
	P value	0.022		0.037		0.391
4th FU	n	4	1	4	1	4	1
	Mean	29.16	27.78	3.10	3.02	0.64	0.59
	SD	0.51	-	0.04	-	0.05	-
	P value	-		-		-

Data were compared using independent samples t-test; P value < 0.05: Significant difference. FU: Follow up; ILA: Interlobar artery; RI: Resistive index.