Copyright
©The Author(s) 2019.
World J Radiol. Jan 28, 2019; 11(1): 10-18
Published online Jan 28, 2019. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v11.i1.10
Published online Jan 28, 2019. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v11.i1.10
Table 1 A total of 13 category A extravascular incidental findings (immediate clinical significance) were identified
Region | EVIF | Number of cases |
Chest | Lung nodule > 1 cm | 4 |
Breast nodule | 1 | |
Mediastinal lymphadenopathy | 1 | |
Oesophageal wall thickening | 1 | |
Pleural effusion | 1 | |
Abdomen/pelvis | Ascites | 3 |
Table 2 Details of the follow-up for the six patients with suspicious incidental findings
Incidental finding | Follow-up imaging study | Diagnosis |
Multiple pulmonary nodules and sclerotic bone lesions | Plain film radiography of hip, femur, knee, CT TAP (staging) | Metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (new lung and bone lesions) |
Pulmonary nodule (> 1 cm) with hilar lymph node enlargement | CT TAP (staging) | Lung adenocarcinoma (index diagnosis) |
Mediastinal lymphadenopathy (prior breast cancer) | CT TAP (staging), CT-guided lymph node biopsy | Metastatic breast cancer (recurrence of primary cancer) |
Breast nodule (prior breast cancer) | Breast ultrasound (recommended) | Follow up imaging unavailable |
Multiple lung nodules | CT TAP (staging) | Metastatic prostate cancer (new lung lesions) |
Lung nodule | CT TAP (staging) | Metastatic prostate cancer (new lung lesions) |
Table 3 Category B lesions (indeterminate but most likely benign) accounted for 50 extravascular incidental findings
Region | EVIF | Number of cases |
Chest | Lung nodule (> 4, < 10 mm) | 2 |
Lung lobar atelectasis | 1 | |
Pleural thickening | 1 | |
Abdomen/pelvis | Prominent lymph nodes (≤ 1 cm) | 13 |
Hiatal hernia | 5 | |
Enlarged prostate gland | 3 | |
Adrenal hyperplasia | 2 | |
Renal infarct | 1 | |
Urinary bladder wall thickening | 1 | |
CBD dilatation | 1 | |
Gallbladder distension | 1 | |
Intrahepatic biliary duct dilatation | 1 | |
Prostatic calcification | 1 | |
Inguinal hernia | 1 | |
Musculoskeletal | Sclerotic bone lesions | 5 |
Pectoralis major atrophy | 1 | |
Spinal stenosis | 1 | |
Spondylolisthesis | 1 | |
Spinal scoliosis | 1 | |
Head/neck | Thyroid nodule | 1 |
Prominent lymph nodes (≤ 1 cm) | 6 |
Table 4 Category C abnormalities (lesions of no clinical significance) accounted for 91 extravascular incidental findings
Region | EVIF | Number of cases |
Chest | Interstitial lung disease | 11 |
Emphysema | 8 | |
Pulmonary consolidation | 5 | |
Pleural calcification | 3 | |
Pneumatocele | 3 | |
Bronchiectasis | 1 | |
Pulmonary nodule < 4 mm | 1 | |
Abdomen/pelvis | Renal cyst | 12 |
Diverticular disease | 10 | |
Cholecystolithiasis | 6 | |
Atrophic kidney | 5 | |
Focal liver fat sparing | 4 | |
Hepatic cyst | 4 | |
Fatty infiltration of the liver | 3 | |
Adrenal lipoma | 2 | |
Atrophic pancreas | 1 | |
Calcified uterine fibroid | 1 | |
Omental fat stranding | 1 | |
Renal scar | 1 | |
Splenic cyst | 1 | |
Scrotal hydrocele | 1 | |
Groin sinus tract | 1 | |
Musculoskeletal | Clavicle fracture (old) | 1 |
Pelvic fracture (old) | 1 | |
Humeral head fracture (old) | 1 | |
Generalised osteopenia (humeral head) | 1 | |
Head/neck | Thyroid goitre | 1 |
Paranasal sinus mucocele | 1 |
- Citation: Nourzaie R, Das J, Abbas H, Thulasidasan N, Gkoutzios P, Ilyas S, Monzon L, Sabharwal T, Moser S, Diamantopoulos A. Extravascular findings during upper limb computed tomographic angiography focusing on undiagnosed malignancy. World J Radiol 2019; 11(1): 10-18
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8470/full/v11/i1/10.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v11.i1.10