Magnetic resonance angiography for the primary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: A review from the international workshop for pulmonary functional imaging

Table 1 Pulmonary contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiograph imaging protocol at UW-Madison after Nagle et al[76]

Three-plane SSFSE localizers

Pre-contrast T1 weighted 3D SGRE

Pulmonary arterial phase T1-weighted 3D SGRE

Immediate post-contrast T1-weighted 3D SGRE

Low flip angle post-contrast T1-weighted 3D SGRE

T1-weighted 2D axial or 3D SGRE with fat saturation

SGRE: Spoiled gradient recalled echo; MRA: Magnetic resonance angiograph; SSFSE: Single-shot fast spin-echo.

Table 2 Pulmonary contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiograph pulse sequence parameters after Schiebler et al[2]

Parameter	Value
FOV	18-45 (to fit the patient) cm
Slice acquisition plane	Sagittal
Resolution1	SI 0.7 × RL 0.7 × AP 1.0 mm3
TR/TE	2.9 ms/1.0 ms
Parallel imaging factor	3.6
Flip angle	28° (15°for 2nd post-contrast “low flip angle” scan)
Bandwidth	± 88 kHz/pixel
Time for Breath hold	15-21 s

¹Interpolated resolution in all three planes. TR: Time to repetition; TE: Time to echo; FOV: Field of view.