Normative vertebral deformity measurements in a clinically relevant population using magnetic resonance imaging

Figure 1 Representative magnetic resonance imaging demonstrating a severe L2 biconcavity deformity (left) and no L2 deformity (right) with anterior, middle, and posterior height measurements. H_a: Anterior height; H_m: Middle height; H_p: Posterior height.

Figure 2 Individual vertebral measurements. A: Mean wedge, crush, and biconcavity deformities of vertebrae C3-L5; B: Mean anterior height/posterior height and middle height/posterior height ratios of vertebrae C3-L5. Error clouds represent SD. H_a: Anterior height; H_m: Middle height; H_p: Posterior height.

Figure 3 The relationship with age. A: The relationship between age and average thoracic (T1-T12) wedge (left) and biconcavity (right) deformities; B: The relationship between age and average thoracic (T1-T12) anterior height/posterior height (left) and middle height/posterior height (right); C: The relationship between age and average lumbar (L1-L5) middle height/posterior height. H_a: Anterior height; H_m: Middle height; H_p: Posterior height.

Figure 4 The relationship with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scores. A: The relationship between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) T-scores and average lumbar (L1-L5) wedge (left) and biconcavity (right) deformities; B: The relationship between DXA T-scores and average lumbar (L1-L5) anterior height/posterior height (left) and middle height/posterior height (right); C: The relationship between DXA Z-scores and average lumbar (L1-L5) biconcavity (left) and middle height/posterior height (right). DXA: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; H_a: Anterior height; H_m: Middle height; H_p: Posterior height.

Figure 5 Magnetic resonance imaging cohort compared to two-dimensional existing literature. A: Distribution of average anterior height/posterior height from prior studies. The magnetic resonance imaging cohort (red) differs from the two-dimensional radiograph-derived literature mean (yellow) by a maximum of 0.3; B: Distribution of average middle height/posterior height from prior studies. The magnetic resonance imaging cohort (red) differs from the two-dimensional radiograph-derived literature mean (yellow) by a maximum of 1.2. H_a: Anterior height; H_m: Middle height; H_p: Posterior height.