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Fully Customized Photoacoustic System Using Doubly Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser and Multiple Axes Stages for Laboratory Applications. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22072621. [PMID: 35408235 PMCID: PMC9002370 DOI: 10.3390/s22072621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We developed a customized doubly Q-switched laser that can control the pulse width to easily find weak acoustic signals for photoacoustic (PA) systems. As the laser was constructed using an acousto-optic Q-switcher, in contrast to the existing commercial laser system, it is easier to control the pulse repetition rate and pulse width. The laser has the following control ranges: 10 Hz–10 kHz for the pulse repetition rate, 40–150 ns for the pulse width, and 50–500 μJ for the pulse energy. Additionally, a custom-made modularized sample stage was used to develop a fully customized PA system. The modularized sample stage has a nine-axis control unit design for the PA system, allowing the sample target and transducer to be freely adjusted. This makes the system suitable for capturing weak PA signals. Images were acquired and processed for widely used sample targets (hair and insulating tape) with the developed fully customized PA system. The customized doubly Q-switched laser-based PA imaging system presented in this paper can be modified for diverse conditions, including the wavelength, frequency, pulse width, and sample target; therefore, we expect that the proposed technique will be helpful in conducting fundamental and applied research for PA imaging system applications.
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Lee JI, Lee S, Oh HM, Cho BR, Seo KH, Kim MY. 3D Contact Position Estimation of Image-Based Areal Soft Tactile Sensor with Printed Array Markers and Image Sensors. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20133796. [PMID: 32645894 PMCID: PMC7374373 DOI: 10.3390/s20133796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tactile sensors have been widely used and researched in various fields of medical and industrial applications. Gradually, they will be used as new input devices and contact sensors for interactive robots. If a tactile sensor is to be applied to various forms of human–machine interactions, it needs to be soft to ensure comfort and safety, and it should be easily customizable and inexpensive. The purpose of this study is to estimate 3D contact position of a novel image-based areal soft tactile sensor (IASTS) using printed array markers and multiple cameras. First, we introduce the hardware structure of the prototype IASTS, which consists of a soft material with printed array markers and multiple cameras with LEDs. Second, an estimation algorithm for the contact position is proposed based on the image processing of the array markers and their Gaussian fittings. A series of basic experiments was conducted and their results were analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed IASTS hardware and its estimation software. To ensure the stability of the estimated contact positions a Kalman filter was developed. Finally, it was shown that the contact positions on the IASTS were estimated with a reasonable error value for soft haptic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-il Lee
- HRI (Human Robot Interaction) Research Center, Korea Institute of Robotics and Technology Convergence, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37553, Korea; (J.-i.L.); (K.-H.S.)
- School of Future Automotive & IT Convergence, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Suwoong Lee
- Safety System R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Daegu 42994, Korea; (S.L.); (B.R.C.)
| | - Hyun-Min Oh
- School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Bo Ram Cho
- Safety System R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Daegu 42994, Korea; (S.L.); (B.R.C.)
| | - Kap-Ho Seo
- HRI (Human Robot Interaction) Research Center, Korea Institute of Robotics and Technology Convergence, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37553, Korea; (J.-i.L.); (K.-H.S.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Research Center for Neurosurgical Robotic System, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-7233
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Wu GG, Zhou LQ, Xu JW, Wang JY, Wei Q, Deng YB, Cui XW, Dietrich CF. Artificial intelligence in breast ultrasound. World J Radiol 2019; 11:19-26. [PMID: 30858931 PMCID: PMC6403465 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v11.i2.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining extensive attention for its excellent performance in image-recognition tasks and increasingly applied in breast ultrasound. AI can conduct a quantitative assessment by recognizing imaging information automatically and make more accurate and reproductive imaging diagnosis. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, severely threatening women’s health, the early screening of which is closely related to the prognosis of patients. Therefore, utilization of AI in breast cancer screening and detection is of great significance, which can not only save time for radiologists, but also make up for experience and skill deficiency on some beginners. This article illustrates the basic technical knowledge regarding AI in breast ultrasound, including early machine learning algorithms and deep learning algorithms, and their application in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant masses. At last, we talk about the future perspectives of AI in breast ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge-Ge Wu
- Sino-German Tongji-Caritas Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li-Qiang Zhou
- Sino-German Tongji-Caritas Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jian-Wei Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Jia-Yu Wang
- Sino-German Tongji-Caritas Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Sino-German Tongji-Caritas Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - You-Bin Deng
- Sino-German Tongji-Caritas Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xin-Wu Cui
- Sino-German Tongji-Caritas Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Christoph F Dietrich
- Sino-German Tongji-Caritas Research Center of Ultrasound in Medicine, Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Medical Clinic 2, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97980, Germany
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Allen WM, Wijesinghe P, Dessauvagie BF, Latham B, Saunders CM, Kennedy BF. Optical palpation for the visualization of tumor in human breast tissue. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800180. [PMID: 30054979 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and effective removal of tumor in one operation is an important goal of breast-conserving surgery. However, it is not always achieved. Surgeons often utilize manual palpation to assess the surgical margin and/or the breast cavity. Manual palpation, however, is subjective and has relatively low resolution. Here, we investigate a tactile imaging technique, optical palpation, for the visualization of tumor. Optical palpation generates maps of the stress at the surface of tissue under static preload compression. Stress is evaluated by measuring the deformation of a contacting thin compliant layer with known mechanical properties using optical coherence tomography. In this study, optical palpation is performed on 34 freshly excised human breast specimens. Wide field-of-view (up to ~46 × 46 mm) stress images, optical palpograms, are presented from four representative specimens, demonstrating the capability of optical palpation to visualize tumor. Median stress reported for adipose tissue, 4 kPa, and benign dense tissue, 8 kPa, is significantly lower than for invasive tumor, 60 kPa. In addition, we demonstrate that optical palpation provides contrast consistent with a related optical technique, quantitative micro-elastography. This study demonstrates that optical palpation holds promise for visualization of tumor in breast-conserving surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wes M Allen
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Benjamin F Dessauvagie
- PathWest, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bruce Latham
- PathWest, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christobel M Saunders
- Division of Surgery, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Breast Centre, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- Breast Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brendan F Kennedy
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Choi H, Ju YJ, Jo JH, Ryu JM. Chromatic aberration free reflective mirror-based optical system design for multispectral photoacoustic instruments. Technol Health Care 2019; 27:397-406. [PMID: 31045556 PMCID: PMC6598014 DOI: 10.3233/thc-199036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current multispectral photoacoustic instruments must use large and separate combinational structures to obtain various biological tissue information for multispectral ranges. OBJECTIVE The optical aberration generated from the multispectral photoacoustic systems may reduce the image quality of biological tissue because the improper structures for combining light of different wavelength cannot produce good optical ray convergence points. To prevent this, complex combined structures need to be considered at the design level for multispectral photoacoustic systems. METHODS In place of an optical refracted lens system, reflective mirrors could be designed for optical systems. To verify our proposed idea, we assessed optical distortion performance using red, green, and blue light, and combined optical light sources to compare their chromatic aberration characteristics. RESULTS The high optical performance is realized regardless of the wavelength for a light source combined with multiple wavelengths, because our optical system was designed with only a reflective surface. CONCLUSIONS The designed optical system using a reflective mirror can provide multispectral optical sources (such as infrared, visible, and ultraviolet optical lights) with only one light ray path, without any chromatic aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojong Choi
- Department of Medical Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39253, Korea
| | - Yun Jae Ju
- Department of Photonics and Sensors, Hannam University, Daejon 34430, Korea
| | - Jae Heung Jo
- Department of Photonics and Sensors, Hannam University, Daejon 34430, Korea
| | - Jae-Myung Ryu
- Department of Optical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
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