• autonomic dysfunction
• hyperthyroidism
• inappropriate sinus tachycardia
• post-COVID syndrome
• postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
• sinus tachycardia

• COVID-19
• Humans
• Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
• Tachycardia, Sinus/diagnosis
• Tachycardia, Sinus/therapy

• P01 HL158502 NHLBI NIH HHS
• R01 HL111314 NHLBI NIH HHS
• R01 HL158071 NHLBI NIH HHS
• ZIA NS003033 Intramural NIH HHS

Renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) provides a minimally invasive interventional treatment modality for patients with resistant hypertension. However, the post-operative outcomes remain a key area of investigation since its earliest clinical trials.

To evaluate patient outcomes after RSD intervention among peer-reviewed patient cases.

A systematic review of literature on MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for RSD case studies to assess post-operative hypertension readings and medical management.

Among 51 RSD cases, the post-operative RSD patients report an apparent reduction with a mean number of 3.1 antihypertensive medications. The mean systolic arterial blood pressure 1 year following RSD was 136.0 mmHg (95%CI: 118.7-153.3).

The apparent improvements in office systolic blood pressure after 12 month post-operative RSD can support the therapeutic potential of this intervention for blood pressure reduction. Additional studies which utilized a uniform methodology for blood pressure measurement can further support the findings of this systematic review.

• Renal denervation
• Hypertension
• Systematic review
• Interventional radiology
• Outcomes

• cardiac dysautonomia
• inappropriate sinus tachycardia
• sinus node modification

• Catheter Ablation/methods
• Heart Rate
• Humans
• Sinoatrial Node/surgery
• Syndrome
• Tachycardia, Sinus/diagnosis
• Tachycardia, Sinus/etiology
• Tachycardia, Sinus/therapy

• Chemistry
• Clinical pathology
• Donkey
• Equid
• Hemogram
• Hinny
• Mule

Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) remains a clinical challenge because patients often are highly symptomatic and not responsive to medical therapy.

To study the safety and efficacy of stellate ganglion (SG) block and cardiac sympathetic denervation (CSD) in patients with IST.

Twelve consecutive patients who had drug‐refractory IST (10 women) were studied. According to a prospectively initiated protocol, five patients underwent an electrophysiologic study before and after SG block (electrophysiology study group). The subsequent seven patients had ambulatory Holter monitoring before and after SG block (ambulatory group). All patients underwent SG block on the right side first, and then on the left side. Selected patients who had heart rate reduction ≥15 beats per minute (bpm) were recommended to consider CSD.

The mean (SD) baseline heart rate (HR) was 106 (21) bpm. The HR significantly decreased to 93 (20) bpm (P = .02) at 10 minutes after right SG block and remained significantly slower at 97(19) bpm at 60 minutes. Left SG block reduced HR from 99 (21) to 87(16) bpm (P = .02) at 60 minutes. SG block had no significant effect on blood pressure or HR response to isoproterenol or exercise (all P > .05). Five patients underwent right (n = 4) or bilateral (n = 1) CSD. The clinical outcomes were heterogeneous: one patient had complete and two had partial symptomatic relief, and two did not have improvement.

SG blockade modestly reduces resting HR but has no significant effect on HR during exercise. Permanent CSD may have a modest role in alleviating symptoms in selected patients with IST.

• cardiac sympathetic denervation
• heart rate
• inappropriate sinus tachycardia
• stellate ganglion blockade