|
1
|
Stuart‐Edwards A. Mindfulness, subjective, and psychological well-being: A comparative analysis of FFMQ and MAAS measures. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2025; 17:e70019. [PMID: 40098329 PMCID: PMC11914683 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.70019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
This study investigates the relationships of mindfulness with subjective well-being and psychological well-being through the mediating role of psychological capital. It also compares the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) in relation to these outcomes. Using a randomized controlled design, 185 participants from Prolific completed a brief two-week mindfulness intervention, with one pre- and two post-intervention measures. While the intervention effects were limited, the findings reveal that mindfulness is positively and similarly associated with both SWB and PWB, with stronger indirect links to PWB via PsyCap. While both measures of mindfulness had similar relationships with all outcomes, the multidimensional FFMQ offered additional insights, identifying the "describing" facet as particularly influential for both SWB and PWB, informing new potential paths for theorizing and practice.
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Pang Y, Tse B, Liu W, Yang Q. The relationship between mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal: the mediating role of emotional and interoceptive awareness. Cogn Process 2025; 26:247-256. [PMID: 39496985 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-024-01246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/06/2024]
Abstract
Mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal have been recognized as two useful ways to regulate emotions. The former tends to cultivate an attitude of being open and accepting of emotional events; whereas the latter involves a top-down process of re-interpreting emotional events. However, it is unclear how mindfulness influences cognitive reappraisal. Hence, the current study mainly addressed this research issue by exploring the mediating role of emotional and interoceptive awareness. 372 participants were asked to report dispositional mindfulness, cognitive reappraisal, emotional awareness, and interoceptive awareness by means of corresponding questionnaires. First, we performed the Pearson Correlations among the four factors, then assessed the mediating role of emotional awareness and interoceptive awareness in the link between mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal in separated models. Last, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the link when both emotional and interoceptive awareness acted as the mediating variables. Results showed that mindfulness was negatively correlated with cognitive reappraisal, emotional awareness, and interoceptive awareness; whereas emotional awareness, interoceptive awareness, and cognitive reappraisal were positively correlated with each other. Moreover, increased mindfulness had a significantly negative effect on cognitive reappraisal, by reducing emotional and interoceptive awareness separately or successively. Except for the No-worrying factor, the remaining seven factors of interoceptive awareness were significantly loaded onto the latent variable. The result reveals the negative relationship between mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal. This link is mediated by one's emotional awareness and interoceptive awareness independently or successively, which may reflect the intensity of externally-emotional reactivity that signify the need to regulate emotions by means of cognitive reappraisal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Pang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Barry Tse
- School of Social and Health Sciences, James Cook University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Liu
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Sun Y, Lv K, Xie W, Wang Y. The effectiveness of brief mindfulness training in reducing test anxiety among high school students. BMC Psychol 2025; 13:205. [PMID: 40045381 PMCID: PMC11884040 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-025-02553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 03/09/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For many high school students, test anxiety is a prevalent issue that adversely affects their exam performance. Previous research has explored the effectiveness of mindfulness training in alleviating test anxiety; however, the lack of real-life exam scenarios and lengthy training sessions has limited its application. This study examines the effects of a brief, five-day mindfulness training and immediate session on enhancing students' mindfulness levels and reducing their test anxiety. METHODS The participants were recruited and divided into an experimental group (n = 29) and a control group (n = 32). The experimental group underwent a daily eight-minute mindfulness training for five consecutive days, while the control group engaged in a passive waiting period. To assess changes in mindfulness levels and exam performance, two exams were administered before and after the five-day mindfulness intervention, accompanied by the completion of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. To evaluate changes in test anxiety levels, the State Anxiety Inventory was filled out on days 1, 3, and 5 of the training. RESULTS After five days of mindfulness training, the mindfulness group showed significant improvements in overall mindfulness levels (particularly in observing and describing skills), a significant reduction in test anxiety and notable improvements in exam performance. Furthermore, the effects on test anxiety were observed after just one training session. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that a brief, five-day mindfulness training can significantly enhance mindfulness levels, reduce test anxiety, and improve exam performance in high school students. The positive effects on test anxiety were noticeable after a single session.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Sun
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Kezhen Lv
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Wenlan Xie
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yuzheng Wang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China.
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Raugh IM, Berglund AM, Strauss GP. Implementation of Mindfulness-Based Emotion Regulation Strategies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2025; 6:171-200. [PMID: 40094043 PMCID: PMC11903998 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-024-00281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
Among the strategies people can use to regulate their emotions, there is increasing interest in mindfulness. Although prior reviews support that mindful acceptance (equanimity) is an effective strategy, other components of mindfulness (monitoring/ mindful awareness) have received less attention. Further, a recent theoretical framework-the Dual-mode Model of Mindful Emotion Regulation-proposed that mindfulness has two "modes" of action in emotion regulation: (1) implementation to regulate emotions as time-limited strategies and (2) acting as a moderator that facilitates effective emotion regulation. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the implementation of mindfulness-based strategies and facilitation effects of mindfulness on emotion reactivity and strategy implementation. A total of 2037 records were screened, from which 110 studies with 767 effects (N = 8,105) were analyzed. There was a significant effect of mindfulness-based strategies (g = .28, 95% CI [.18, .38], I 2 = 83.3%). Components of monitoring (g = .17, 95% CI [.02, .32]) and equanimity (g = .3, 95% CI [.19, .41]) were also effective, although monitoring alone was significantly less effective than other strategies. The effect size was greater for within-subjects designs, text-based emotional stimuli, personally relevant stimuli, and behavioral outcomes (e.g., pain tolerance). Despite small-study effects and publication bias, the estimate was robust to sensitivity analyses (between .15 and .3). Meta-regression of facilitation supported that greater study-level equanimity was associated with reduced reactivity. As hypothesized, mindfulness-based strategies can effectively regulate emotions. Methodological considerations and directions for future study are discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-024-00281-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Raugh
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard Lasalle, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3 Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Ibili G, Tree JJ, Gurluk YO. Maladaptive perfectionism can explain the inverse relationship between dispositional mindfulness and procrastination. PLoS One 2025; 20:e0318845. [PMID: 39937823 PMCID: PMC11819553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0318845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 02/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Given the widespread occurrence of procrastination and its adverse association with well-being, investigating the individual variables that influence procrastination is a crucial matter. Previous research has identified dispositional mindfulness to be negatively associated with procrastination, but the underlying mechanisms driving this relationship remain unclear. In this study, the aim was to investigate whether the inverse relationship between dispositional mindfulness and procrastination could be explained by the mediating roles of trait anxiety and maladaptive perfectionism. In a cross-sectional survey, 126 participants (aged 18-33) completed the 15-Item Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Form, the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised, and the Pure Procrastination Scale. A parallel mediation model was tested to investigate the mediating role of self-reported maladaptive perfectionism and trait anxiety to explain the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and procrastination with a bootstrapped multivariate technique. The results revealed that maladaptive perfectionism significantly mediated the relationship between mindfulness and procrastination -indicating that dispositional mindfulness has a significant indirect effect on procrastination via decreased levels of maladaptive perfectionism. It was determined that 15% of the variance in procrastination was significantly explained by this model (R2 = .15, β = -.39, B = -.83, 95% CI = [-1.18, -.48], p < .001]. As the study highlights the importance of maladaptive perfectionism to explain the link between mindfulness and procrastination, we suggest that future research could investigate the influence of mindfulness on procrastination via mindfulness-based interventions, and include measurements of both trait anxiety and maladaptive perfectionism across longitudinal or experimental designs to unpack causality with respect to our pattern of observed findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Ibili
- School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy John Tree
- School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Plaitano EG, McNeish D, Bartels SM, Bell K, Dallery J, Grabinski M, Kiernan M, Lavoie HA, Lemley SM, Lowe MR, MacKinnon DP, Metcalf SA, Onken L, Prochaska JJ, Sand CL, Scherer EA, Stoeckel LE, Xie H, Marsch LA. Adherence to a digital therapeutic mediates the relationship between momentary self-regulation and health risk behaviors. Front Digit Health 2025; 7:1467772. [PMID: 39981105 PMCID: PMC11841403 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2025.1467772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 02/22/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Smoking, obesity, and insufficient physical activity are modifiable health risk behaviors. Self-regulation is one fundamental behavior change mechanism often incorporated within digital therapeutics as it varies momentarily across time and contexts and may play a causal role in improving these health behaviors. However, the role of momentary self-regulation in achieving behavior change has been infrequently examined. Using a novel momentary self-regulation scale, this study examined how targeting self-regulation through a digital therapeutic impacts adherence to the therapeutic and two different health risk behavioral outcomes. Methods This prospective interventional study included momentary data for 28 days from 50 participants with obesity and binge eating disorder and 50 participants who smoked regularly. An evidence-based digital therapeutic, called Laddr™, provided self-regulation behavior change tools. Participants reported on their momentary self-regulation via ecological momentary assessments and health risk behaviors were measured as steps taken from a physical activity tracker and breathalyzed carbon monoxide. Medical regimen adherence was assessed as daily Laddr usage. Bayesian dynamic mediation models were used to examine moment-to-moment mediation effects between momentary self-regulation subscales, medical regimen adherence, and behavioral outcomes. Results In the binge eating disorder sample, the perseverance [β 1 = 0.17, 95% CI = (0.06, 0.45)] and emotion regulation [β 1 = 0.12, 95% CI = (0.03, 0.27)] targets of momentary self-regulation positively predicted Laddr adherence on the following day, and higher Laddr adherence was subsequently a positive predictor of steps taken the same day for both perseverance [β 2 = 0.335, 95% CI = (0.030, 0.717)] and emotion regulation [β 2 = 0.389, 95% CI = (0.080, 0.738)]. In the smoking sample, the perseverance target of momentary self-regulation positively predicted Laddr adherence on the following day [β = 0.91, 95% CI = (0.60, 1.24)]. However, higher Laddr adherence was not a predictor of CO values on the same day [β 2 = -0.09, 95% CI = (-0.24, 0.09)]. Conclusions This study provides evidence that a digital therapeutic targeting self-regulation can modify the relationships between momentary self-regulation, medical regimen adherence, and behavioral health outcomes. Together, this work demonstrated the ability to digitally assess the transdiagnostic mediating effect of momentary self-regulation on medical regimen adherence and pro-health behavioral outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier (NCT03774433).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enzo G. Plaitano
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Daniel McNeish
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Sophia M. Bartels
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kathleen Bell
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Jesse Dallery
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael Grabinski
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Michaela Kiernan
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hannah A. Lavoie
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Shea M. Lemley
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Michael R. Lowe
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David P. MacKinnon
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Stephen A. Metcalf
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Onken
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Judith J. Prochaska
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Cady Lauren Sand
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, United States
| | - Emily A. Scherer
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Luke E. Stoeckel
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Haiyi Xie
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Lisa A. Marsch
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Sweeny K, Hawes J, Karaman OT. When Time Is the Enemy: An Initial Test of the Process Model of Patience. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024:1461672241284028. [PMID: 39460599 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241284028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
The process model of patience attempts to reconcile disparate approaches to understanding patience. This investigation provides an initial test of the tenets of this new theoretical model, which positions impatience as a discrete emotion and patience as a targeted form of emotion regulation. In three studies with diverse samples (N = 1,401; data collected 2022-2023), participants responded to hypothetical scenarios designed to tap into familiar experiences of impatience. Regarding impatience, findings support our claim that impatience arises in response to the perception that a delay is unreasonable or unfair, and situational and intrapersonal characteristics emerged as predictors of impatience. Regarding patience, findings were consistent with the conceptualization of patience as driven more by intrapersonal than situational factors and revealed a set of individual differences that predicted patience. This investigation lends support to the process model of patience as a viable approach, generative of testable research questions, with implications for well-being.
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Chang DF, Donald J, Whitney J, Miao IY, Sahdra B. Does Mindfulness Improve Intergroup Bias, Internalized Bias, and Anti-Bias Outcomes?: A Meta-Analysis of the Evidence and Agenda for Future Research. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024; 50:1487-1516. [PMID: 37382426 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231178518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Whereas mindfulness has been shown to enhance personal well-being, studies suggest it may also benefit intergroup dynamics. Using an integrative conceptual model, this meta-analysis examined associations between mindfulness and (a) different manifestations of bias (implicit/explicit attitudes, affect, behavior) directed toward (b) different bias targets (outgroup or ingroup, e.g., internalized bias), by (c) intergroup orientation (toward bias or anti-bias). Of 70 samples, 42 (N = 3,229) assessed mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and 30 (N = 6,002) were correlational studies. Results showed a medium-sized negative effect of MBIs on bias outcomes, g = -0.56, 95% confidence interval [-0.72, -0.40]; I(2;3)2: 0.39; 0.48, and a small-to-medium negative effect between mindfulness and bias for correlational studies, r = -0.17 [-0.27, -0.03]; I(2;3)2: 0.11; 0.83. Effects were comparable for intergroup bias and internalized bias. We conclude by identifying gaps in the evidence base to guide future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James Donald
- The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Baljinder Sahdra
- Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Lyzwinski L, Zwicker JD, Mcdonald S, Tough S. Psychological Interventions and Those With Elements of Positive Psychology for Child and Youth Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Literature Review, Lessons Learned, and Areas for Future Knowledge Dissemination. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2024; 7:e59171. [PMID: 39269752 PMCID: PMC11437230 DOI: 10.2196/59171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There was a marked decline in child and teenage mental health worldwide during the pandemic, with increasing prevalence of depression, anxiety, and suicide. Research indicates that positive psychological interventions may be beneficial for mental health. OBJECTIVE The aims of this review were to evaluate positive psychological interventions for child and youth mental health implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess overall effectiveness for mental health and knowledge. METHODS We undertook a literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar for all eligible studies on digital and hybrid in-person psychological interventions for youth mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. A particular emphasis was placed on positive psychological interventions or interventions that had components of positive psychology, including gratitude, acceptance, positive emotions, or resilience building. RESULTS A total of 41 interventions were included in this review. Most of the interventions were digital. Overall, most of the interventions assisted with one or more mental health or psychological indicators, such as depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, stress, and resilience. However, findings were mixed when it came to targeting both depression and anxiety together. The interventions that promoted youth mental health most often had a range of diverse positive psychology components and were evidence based. Not all studies measured changes in mindfulness. Few studies examined knowledge acquired on mental health self-care, managing mental health problems, knowledge of positive psychological techniques, mindfulness knowledge, or mental health self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Diverse multicomponent interventions appear to assist with youth mental health overall, although their effects on both depression and anxiety are less clear. There is also a need for more research on knowledge gains to determine whether the interventions improved knowledge on mental health-supportive behaviors, which may be sustained beyond the intervention. Finally, more studies need to evaluate whether the interventions assisted with increasing self-efficacy for practicing positive psychological techniques as well as changes in mindfulness levels. Future studies should not only assess effectiveness for mental health outcomes but also assess knowledge translation, with valid measures of knowledge and self-efficacy for mental health-supportive behaviors and positive psychological skills acquired (eg, the ability to practice mindfulness).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette Lyzwinski
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Sheila Mcdonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Suzanne Tough
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Lin Y, White ML, Wu D, Viravan N, Braver TS. Distinct Mindfulness States Produce Dissociable Effects on Neural Markers of Emotion Processing: Evidence From the Late Positive Potential. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:100357. [PMID: 39183744 PMCID: PMC11342101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mindfulness has long been theorized to benefit emotion regulation, but despite the ubiquity of the claim, there is little empirical evidence demonstrating how mindfulness modulates the neurophysiology of emotion processing. The current study aimed to fill this gap in knowledge by leveraging a novel research approach capable of discretizing mindfulness into distinct states of open monitoring (OM) and focused attention (FA) to distinguish their influence on multimodal subjective and objective measures of emotion processing. Methods Utilizing a fully within-participant picture viewing state induction protocol (N = 30), we compared the effects of OM and FA, rigorously contrasted against an active control, on the visually evoked late positive potential (LPP), a neural index of motivated attention. Bayesian mixed modeling was used to distinguish OM versus FA effects on the early and late sustained LPP while evaluating the influence of subjective arousal ratings as a within-participant moderator of the state inductions. Results When negative picture trials were retrospectively rated as more subjectively arousing, the OM induction reduced the late sustained LPP response, whereas the FA induction enhanced the LPP. Conclusions Acute manipulation of OM and FA states may reduce and enhance motivated attention to aversive stimuli during conditions of high subjective arousal, respectively. Functional distinctions between different mindfulness states on emotion processing may be most dissociable after accounting for within-participant variability in how stimuli are appraised. These results support the future potential of the state induction protocol for parsing the neural affective mechanisms that underlie mindfulness training programs and interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Lin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Marne L. White
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deanna Wu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Natee Viravan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Todd S. Braver
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Ma C, Wang X, Blain SD, Tan Y. The Adaptiveness of Emotion Regulation Variability and Interoceptive Attention in Daily Life. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:640-647. [PMID: 38787549 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In daily life, we must dynamically and flexibly deploy strategies to regulate our emotions, which depends on awareness of emotions and internal bodily signals. Variability in emotion-regulation strategy use may predict fewer negative emotions, especially when people pay more attention to their bodily states-or have greater "interoceptive attention" (IA). Using experience sampling, this study aimed to test whether IA predicts variability in strategy use and whether this variability and IA together predict negative affect. METHODS University student participants ( n = 203; 165 females; Mage = 20.68, SD age = 1.84) completed trait questionnaires and reported state levels of IA, emotional awareness, negative affect, and emotion-regulation strategies, seven times daily for 1 week. RESULTS State IA significantly predicted between-strategy variability, which was mediated by emotional awareness (indirect effect = 0.002, 95% confidence interval = <0.001-0.003). Between-strategy variability was associated with lower negative affect, particularly when individuals had higher state IA (simple slope = -0.83, t = -5.87, p < .001) versus lower IA (simple slope = -0.31, t = -2.62, p = .009). CONCLUSIONS IA appears to facilitate adaptative emotion regulation and help alleviate negative affect. Findings underscore the key roles of IA and emotion-regulation flexibility in mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Ma
- From the School of Psychology (Ma, Tan), Central China Normal University, Wuhan; Department of Psychology (Wang), Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province (Wang), Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health (Blain), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU) (Tan), Ministry of Education; and Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province (Tan), Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
12
|
Tsai N, Treves IN, Bauer CCC, Scherer E, Caballero C, West MR, Gabrieli JDE. Dispositional mindfulness: Dissociable affective and cognitive processes. Psychon Bull Rev 2024; 31:1798-1808. [PMID: 38302789 PMCID: PMC11358355 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mindfulness has been linked to a range of positive social-emotional and cognitive outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. As one of the few traits or dispositions that are associated with both affective and cognitive benefits, we asked whether mindfulness is associated with affective and cognitive outcomes through a shared, unitary process or through two dissociable processes. We examined this in adolescents using behavioral measures and also reanalyzed previously reported neuroimaging findings relating mindfulness training to either affect (negative emotion, stress) or cognition (sustained attention). Using multivariate regression analyses, our findings suggest that the relationships between dispositional mindfulness and affective and cognitive processes are behaviorally dissociable and converge with neuroimaging data indicating that mindfulness modulates affect and cognition through separate neural pathways. These findings support the benefits of trait mindfulness on both affective and cognitive processes, and reveal that those benefits are at least partly dissociable in the mind and brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Tsai
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Isaac N Treves
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Clemens C C Bauer
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, 805 Columbus Avenue, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ethan Scherer
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Camila Caballero
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Martin R West
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- MIT Integrated Learning Initiative, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
13
|
Porter B, Oyanadel C, Betancourt I, Worrell FC, Peñate W. Effects of Two Online Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Early Adolescents for Attentional, Emotional, and Behavioral Self-Regulation. Pediatr Rep 2024; 16:254-270. [PMID: 38651461 PMCID: PMC11036234 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have shown interesting preliminary effects on self-regulation processes in early adolescence. However, programs have typically combined different types of interventions with no understanding of the specific effect of each intervention type on attentional, emotional, and behavioral regulation. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of two MBIs-one focused on classic attentional practices and another focused on the recognition and expression of emotions-on attentional, emotional, and behavioral self-regulation in early adolescents. (2) Method: An experimental paradigm was used. A sample of 74 children aged between 8 and 12 years old were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: (1) an MBI with a focus on attentional practices, (2) an MBI with a focus on recognition and expression of emotions, and (3) a control group. The interventions lasted 8 weeks, with a weekly, 1 h online synchronous session plus home practices. Children were evaluated before starting the intervention and at the end of the 8-week period. The assessed outcomes were (1) mindfulness; (2) emotional regulation; (3) attentional regulation, and (4) behavioral regulation. (3) Results: Children who participated in both intervention programs increased their mindfulness and emotional and behavioral regulation scores. Only children who participated in the MBI with a focus on attention showed significant changes in their ability to self-regulate attention. (4) Conclusions: The use of online MBIs, with attention to external and internal stimuli practices, can be a good strategy to strengthen self-regulation skills for attention, emotions, and behavior in early adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Porter
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (C.O.); (I.B.)
| | - Cristian Oyanadel
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (C.O.); (I.B.)
- Berkeley School of Education, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1670, USA;
| | - Ignacio Betancourt
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (C.O.); (I.B.)
| | - Frank C. Worrell
- Berkeley School of Education, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1670, USA;
| | - Wenceslao Peñate
- Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology School, Psychology Faculty, Guajara Campus, La Laguna University, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
|
14
|
Geffen R, Braun C. Effects of Geometric Sound on Brainwave Activity Patterns, Autonomic Nervous System Markers, Emotional Response, and Faraday Wave Pattern Morphology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2024; 2024:9844809. [PMID: 38586300 PMCID: PMC10997421 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9844809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces Geometric Sound as a subfield of spatial sound featuring audio stimuli which are sonic holograms of mathematically defined 3D shapes. The effects of Geometric Sound on human physiology were investigated through EEG, heart rate, blood pressure, and a combination of questionnaires monitoring 50 healthy participants in two separate experiments. The impact of Geometric Sound on Faraday wave pattern morphology was further studied. The shapes examined, pyramid, cube, and sphere, exhibited varying significant effects on autonomic nervous system markers, brainwave power amplitude, topology, and connectivity patterns, in comparison to both the control (traditional stereo), and recorded baseline where no sound was presented. Brain activity in the Alpha band exhibited the most significant results, additional noteworthy results were observed across analysis paradigms in all frequency bands. Geometric Sound was found to significantly reduce heart rate and blood pressure and enhance relaxation and general well-being. Changes in EEG, heart rate, and blood pressure were primarily shape-dependent, and to a lesser extent sex-dependent. Pyramid Geometric Sound yielded the most significant results in most analysis paradigms. Faraday Waves patterns morphology analysis indicated that identical frequencies result in patterns that correlate with the excitation Geometric Sound shape. We suggest that Geometric Sound shows promise as a noninvasive therapeutic approach for physical and psychological conditions, stress-related disorders, depression, anxiety, and neurotrauma. Further research is warranted to elucidate underlying mechanisms and expand its applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Braun
- Tübingen University, MEG-Center, Tübingen 72074, Germany
- HIH Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
- CIMeC Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
|
15
|
Sim S, Maldonado IL, Castelnau P, Barantin L, El-Hage W, Andersson F, Cottier JP. Neural correlates of mindfulness meditation and hypnosis on magnetic resonance imaging: similarities and differences. A scoping review. J Neuroradiol 2024; 51:131-144. [PMID: 37981196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness meditation (MM) and hypnosis practices are gaining interest in mental health, but their physiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to synthesize the functional, morphometric and metabolic changes associated with each practice using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to identify their similarities and differences. METHODS MRI studies investigating MM and hypnosis in mental health, specifically stress, anxiety, and depression, were systematically screened following PRISMA guidelines from four research databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO) between 2010 and 2022. RESULTS In total, 97 references met the inclusion criteria (84 for MM and 13 for hypnosis). This review showed common and divergent points regarding the regions involved and associated brain connectivity during MM practice and hypnosis. The primary commonality between mindfulness and hypnosis was decreased default mode network intrinsic activity and increased central executive network - salience network connectivity. Increased connectivity between the default mode network and the salience network was observed in meditative practice and mindfulness predisposition, but not in hypnosis. CONCLUSIONS While MRI studies provide a better understanding of the neural basis of hypnosis and meditation, this review underscores the need for more rigorous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Sim
- CHRU de Tours, service de radiologie, Tours, France
| | | | - Pierre Castelnau
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps, Hôpital Clocheville, CHRU, Tours, France; CUMIC, Collège Universitaire des Médecines Intégratives et Complémentaires, Nantes, France
| | | | - Wissam El-Hage
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Tours, France
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Cottier
- CHRU de Tours, service de radiologie, Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; CUMIC, Collège Universitaire des Médecines Intégratives et Complémentaires, Nantes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
|
16
|
Arruda Sanchez T, Ramos LR, Araujo F, Schenberg EE, Yonamine M, Lobo I, de Araujo DB, Luna LE. Emotion regulation effects of Ayahuasca in experienced subjects during implicit aversive stimulation: An fMRI study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117430. [PMID: 37979818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ayahuasca is a beverage used in Amazonian traditional medicine and it has been part of the human experience for millennia as well as other different psychoactive plants. Although Ayahuasca has been proposed as potentially therapeutic as an anxiolytic and antidepressant, whilst no studies have been carried out so far investigating their direct effect on brain emotional processing. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to measure the emotional acute effect of Ayahuasca on brain response to implicit aversive stimulation using a face recognition task in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen male experienced Ayahuasca users participated in this study in two fMRI sessions before and after 50 min of the Ayahuasca ingestion. Subjects were presented with pictures of neutral (A) and aversive (B) (fearful or disgusted) faces from the Pictures of Facial Affect Series. Subjects were instructed to identify the gender of the faces (gender discrimination task) while the emotional content was implicit. Subjective mood states were also evaluated before Ayahuasca intake and after the second fMRI session, using a visual analogue mood scale (VAMS). RESULTS During the aversive stimuli, the activity in the bilateral amygdala was attenuated by Ayahuasca (qFDR<0.05). Furthermore, in an exploratory analysis of the effects after intake, Ayahuasca enhances the activation in the insular cortex bilaterally, as well as in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (qFDR<0.05). In the psychometric VAMS scale, subjects reported attenuation of both anxiety and mental sedation (p < 0.01) during acute effects. CONCLUSIONS Together, all reported results including neuroimaging, behavioral data and psychometric self-report suggest that Ayahuasca can promote an emotion regulation mechanism in response to aversive stimuli with corresponding improved cognition including reduced anxiety and mental sedation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Arruda Sanchez
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Psychophysiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Rego Ramos
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Psychophysiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Araujo
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Psychophysiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio Yonamine
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela Lobo
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Draulio Barros de Araujo
- Brain Institute / Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Luis Eduardo Luna
- Research Centre for the study of psychointegrator plants, Visionary Art and Consciousness - Wasiwaska, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
|
17
|
Turer OU, Ozcan M, Alkaya B, Demirbilek F, Alpay N, Daglioglu G, Seydaoglu G, Haytac MC. The effect of mindfulness meditation on dental anxiety during implant surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21686. [PMID: 38066232 PMCID: PMC10709419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental implant surgery is almost always associated with patient anxiety. Anxiety during dental surgical procedures triggers an increase in sympathetic activity. Mindfulness meditation (MM) is often associated with high levels of relaxation in the form of increased parasympathetic tone and decreased sympathetic activity. However, the effect of MM on dental anxiety is not clear. The current study aimed to show the effects of a MM as a sedative technique during dental implant surgery by examining the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), bispectral index (BIS), cortisol levels (CL), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and saturation (SpO2) parameters. HR, SBP, DBP, SpO2, BIS score and CLs were compared at the baseline, immediately before-, during-, and immediately after surgery between the test and control groups. We found that the MM resulted in significant decrease in BIS together with positive effects on hemodynamic parameters (decrease of HR, SBP, DBP and increase of SpO2), psychological findings (improvement on STAI-S scores) and biochemical outcomes (decreased CL). In conclusion, the results demonstrate that MM appeared to be a reliable strategy for managing stress during dental implant operation with benefits in psychological, physiological and biochemical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onur Ucak Turer
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Ozcan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Bahar Alkaya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Furkan Demirbilek
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Alpay
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Daglioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Seydaoglu
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - M Cenk Haytac
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
|
18
|
Gandía-Abellán H, Nieto C, García-Rubio C. Mindfulness for adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: A pilot study. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2023; 27:927-943. [PMID: 35673766 DOI: 10.1177/17446295221107283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to examine the effects of the MindfulTEA program, an Mindfulness-based Interventions (MBIs) specifically designed for adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Intellectual Disability, to reduce behavioural problems. MBIs are effective in improving well-being in people with high-functioning ASD, but little is known about the impact of the MBIs on people with ASD and intellectual disability associated. Fourteen adults (age 18 to 44) with ASD and intellectual disability participated in the program. Results showed a significant decrease in self-injurious and aggressive/destructive behaviours after the MBI. Stereotyped behaviour did not show significant change. Results suggest that the MindfulTEA program could effectively reduce some types of behaviour problems in people with ASD and intellectual disability. MBIs could be a useful alternative to traditional behaviour management interventions for reducing behaviour problems in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Gandía-Abellán
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Federation of Autism (FESPAU), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Nieto
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
19
|
Graeff P, Ruscheweyh R, Flanagin VL. Longitudinal changes in human supraspinal processing after RIII-feedback training to improve descending pain inhibition. Neuroimage 2023; 283:120432. [PMID: 37914092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body has the ability to influence its sensation of pain by modifying the transfer of nociceptive information at the spinal level. This modulation, known as descending pain inhibition, is known to originate supraspinally and can be activated by a variety of ways including positive mental imagery. However, its exact mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated, using a longitudinal fMRI design, the brain activity leading up and in response to painful electrical stimulation when applying positive mental imagery before and after undergoing a previously established RIII-feedback paradigm. Time course analysis of the time preceding painful stimulation shows increased haemodynamic activity during the application of the strategy in the PFC, ACC, insula, thalamus, and hypothalamus. Time course analysis of the reaction to painful stimulation shows decreased reaction post-training in brainstem and thalamus, as well as the insula and dorsolateral PFC. Our work suggests that feedback training increases activity in areas involved in pain inhibition, while simultaneously decreasing the reaction to painful stimuli in brain areas related to pain processing, which points to an activation of decreased spinal nociception. We further suggest that the insula and the thalamus may play a more important role in pain modulation than previously assumed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Graeff
- Research Training Group (RTG) 2175 perception in Context and Its Neural Basis, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Ruth Ruscheweyh
- Research Training Group (RTG) 2175 perception in Context and Its Neural Basis, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Virginia L Flanagin
- Research Training Group (RTG) 2175 perception in Context and Its Neural Basis, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany; German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (DSGZ), University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
|
20
|
Chaudhary IS, Shyi GCW, Huang STT. A systematic review and activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of fMRI studies on arousing or wake-promoting effects in Buddhist meditation. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1136983. [PMID: 38022985 PMCID: PMC10646186 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1136983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional Buddhist texts illustrate meditation as a condition of relaxed alertness that must fend against extreme hypoarousal (sleep, drowsiness) and extreme hyperarousal (restlessness). Theoretical, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging investigations of meditation have highlighted the relaxing effects and hypoarousing without emphasizing the alertness-promoting effects. Here we performed a systematic review supported by an activation-likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis in an effort to counterbalance the surfeit of scholarship emphasizing the hypoarousing and relaxing effects of different forms of Buddhist meditation. Specifically, the current systematic review-cum-meta-analytical review seeks to highlight more support for meditation's wake-promoting effects by drawing from neuroimaging research during wakefulness and meditation. In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 fMRI studies, we aim to highlight support for Buddhist meditation's wake-promoting or arousing effects by identifying brain regions associated with alertness during meditation. The most significant peaks were localized medial frontal gyrus (MFG) and precuneus. We failed to determine areas ostensibly common to alertness-related meditation such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), superior parietal lobule, basal ganglia, thalamus, most likely due to the relatively fewer fMRI investigations that used wakefulness-promoting meditation techniques. Also, we argue that forthcoming research on meditation, related to alertness or wakefulness, continues to adopt a multi-modal method to investigate the correlation between actual behaviors and neural networks connected to Buddhist meditation. Moreover, we recommend the implementation of fMRI paradigms on Buddhist meditation with clinically diagnosed participants to complement recent trends in psychotherapy such as mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inder S. Chaudhary
- PhD Program in Cognitive Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- Center for Research in Cognitive Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Gary Chon-Wen Shyi
- PhD Program in Cognitive Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- Center for Research in Cognitive Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tseng Tina Huang
- PhD Program in Cognitive Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- Center for Research in Cognitive Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
|
21
|
Pan W, Long Y, Wang H, Yue C. More proactive but less efficient: The effect of trait self-control on emotion regulation and its neural mechanisms. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114567. [PMID: 37419330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Self-control is important for maintaining good health, acquiring achievement and happiness, and improving environmental adaptability. Trait self-control can affect the processing of emotional conflict in daily life and is associated with successful emotional regulation. In this study, the task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology was adopted to explore the emotion regulation processing and neural mechanism of individuals with different trait self-control levels. The results showed that: (a) Individuals with high self-control experienced the lower intensity of negative emotion when viewing negative emotional pictures than individuals with low self-control, showing spontaneous emotion regulation and significantly increased activity of executive control and emotion regulation networks of the brain; (b) Individuals with low self-control were more sensitive to negative emotion, and their emotion regulation effect under external instructions was better than that of individuals with high self-control. This suggests that individuals with high trait self-control were adept at using proactive control strategies to spontaneously regulate emotional conflict and experienced less emotional conflict accordingly. However, they were less effective than low self-control individuals in resolving emotional conflicts. These findings provide an important basis for our understanding of the nature and neural mechanism of self-control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Pan
- Laboratory of Emotion and Mental Health, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yihong Long
- School of Public Administration, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; College of National Culture and Cognitive Science, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Teaching Affairs Department, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Caizhen Yue
- College of National Culture and Cognitive Science, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
22
|
Janssen LK, Duif I, Speckens AEM, van Loon I, Wegman J, de Vries JHM, Cools R, Aarts E. The effects of an 8-week mindful eating intervention on anticipatory reward responses in striatum and midbrain. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1115727. [PMID: 37637944 PMCID: PMC10457123 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1115727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accumulating evidence suggests that increased neural responses during the anticipation of high-calorie food play an important role in the tendency to overeat. A promising method for counteracting enhanced food anticipation in overeating might be mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). However, the neural mechanisms by which MBIs can affect food reward anticipation are unclear. In this randomized, actively controlled study, the primary objective was to investigate the effect of an 8-week mindful eating intervention on reward anticipation. We hypothesized that mindful eating would decrease striatal reward anticipation responses. Additionally, responses in the midbrain-from which the reward pathways originate-were explored. Methods Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we tested 58 healthy participants with a wide body mass index range (BMI: 19-35 kg/m2), motivated to change their eating behavior. During scanning they performed an incentive delay task, measuring neural reward anticipation responses to caloric and monetary cues before and after 8 weeks of mindful eating or educational cooking (active control). Results Compared with the educational cooking intervention, mindful eating affected neural reward anticipation responses, with reduced caloric relative to monetary reward responses. This effect was, however, not seen in the striatum, but only in the midbrain. The secondary objective was to assess temporary and long-lasting (1 year follow-up) intervention effects on self-reported eating behavior and anthropometric measures [BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-hip-ratio (WHR)]. We did not observe effects of the mindful eating intervention on eating behavior. Instead, the control intervention showed temporary beneficial effects on BMI, waist circumference, and diet quality, but not on WHR or self-reported eating behavior, as well as long-lasting increases in knowledge about healthy eating. Discussion These results suggest that an 8-week mindful eating intervention may have decreased the relative salience of food cues by affecting midbrain but not striatal reward responses, without necessarily affecting regular eating behavior. However, these exploratory results should be verified in confirmatory research.The primary and secondary objectives of the study were registered in the Dutch Trial Register (NTR): NL4923 (NTR5025).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lieneke K. Janssen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Iris Duif
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anne E. M. Speckens
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ilke van Loon
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joost Wegman
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jeanne H. M. de Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Roshan Cools
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Esther Aarts
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
|
23
|
Monachesi B, Grecucci A, Ahmadi Ghomroudi P, Messina I. Comparing reappraisal and acceptance strategies to understand the neural architecture of emotion regulation: a meta-analytic approach. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1187092. [PMID: 37546477 PMCID: PMC10403290 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1187092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the emotion regulation literature, the amount of neuroimaging studies on cognitive reappraisal led the impression that the same top-down, control-related neural mechanisms characterize all emotion regulation strategies. However, top-down processes may coexist with more bottom-up and emotion-focused processes that partially bypass the recruitment of executive functions. A case in point is acceptance-based strategies. Method To better understand neural commonalities and differences behind different emotion regulation processes, in the present study, we applied the Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) method to perform a meta-analysis on fMRI studies investigating task-related activity of reappraisal and acceptance. Both increased and decreased brain activity was taken into account in the contrast and conjunction analysis between the two strategies. Results Results showed increased activity in left-inferior frontal gyrus and insula for both strategies, and decreased activity in the basal ganglia for reappraisal, and decreased activity in limbic regions for acceptance. Discussion These findings are discussed in the context of a model of common and specific neural mechanisms of emotion regulation that support and expand the previous dual-routes models. We suggest that emotion regulation may rely on a core inhibitory circuit, and on strategy-specific top-down and bottom-up processes distinct for different strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Monachesi
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences—DiPSCo, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Alessandro Grecucci
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences—DiPSCo, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
- Center for Medical Sciences—CISMed, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Parisa Ahmadi Ghomroudi
- Clinical and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences—DiPSCo, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
24
|
Zhang X, Xu M, Yang X, Yang Y. Individual Differences in Emotion Attenuation Brought by Indirect Replies Is Related to Resting-State Brain Activity. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1053. [PMID: 37508985 PMCID: PMC10377414 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
During daily conversations, people prefer indirect replies in face-threatening situations. Existent studies have indicated that recipients tend to perceive the information conveyed by indirect replies as negative and emotion regions are engaged in indirect replies processing in face-threatening situations. In this study, we examined whether indirect replies can reduce recipients' experience of negative emotion and what are the underlying cerebral structures that may give rise to individual differences in the effectiveness of such replies in attenuating negative emotion. Behavior ratings and resting-stating functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) techniques were combined to explore these questions. We created dialogues expressing refusal or negative opinion with direct/indirect replies. Participants were asked to rate their emotional valence and arousal when they received such replies. The rating scores were used to correlate with spontaneous brain activity. Results showed that indirect replies indeed attenuated recipients' negative emotion experience. Moreover, the left caudate, the right anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), and the connectivity of rACC and left medial prefrontal cortex (lmPFC) were found to be positively correlated to individual differences in such emotion attenuation. Our findings provide direct empirical evidence for the face-saving function of indirect replies and reveal that the intrinsic brain activities of emotion network and theory of mind (ToM) network are related to individual differences in such emotion attenuation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping Zhang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Maoyao Xu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yufang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
25
|
Gu H, Liang T, Xin Z, Lu Z, Li Q, Hong H. Impact of Long-Term Shaolin Zen Meditation on Emotional Processing in Aging: A Visual ERP Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:513. [PMID: 37366765 DOI: 10.3390/bs13060513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging process is always accompanied by a decline in cognitive and emotional functions. Although previous studies have identified the positive effects of different meditative practices on emotional and cognitive functions, few studies have investigated the most primitive Chinese meditation-Shaolin Zen meditation. In particular, data are extremely limited regarding the brain mechanism of the effects of Shaolin Zen meditation on cognitive and emotional functions during aging. The current study aimed to explore the effects of long-term Shaolin Zen meditation practice on event-related potentials (ERPs) during facial emotion recognition in aging. ERPs were recorded from 16 monks with long-term meditation experience and 20 controls without meditation experience. The significant age-related degenerative changes in the early ERP components did not present in the meditators but only in the controls without meditation experience. Additionally, we found no group differences in the late P3 component. These findings suggest that long-term Shaolin Zen meditation practice can counteract the age-related cognitive decline in the "down-top" automatic processing of emotional stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huang Gu
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Tiantian Liang
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhaoyang Xin
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zilu Lu
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qiaoling Li
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Zhongyuan Wushu Research Institute, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
26
|
Pan W, Long Y, Yue C, Tu S, Fang X. Identifying the individual differences of trait self-control: Evidence from voxel-based morphometry. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
|
27
|
Riordan KM, MacCoon DG, Barrett B, Rosenkranz MA, Chungyalpa D, Lam SU, Davidson RJ, Goldberg SB. Does meditation training promote pro-environmental behavior? A cross-sectional comparison and a randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 84:101900. [PMID: 36969767 PMCID: PMC10035784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Meditation training may promote pro-environmental behavior and related variables, though limited research has tested this experimentally. We investigated whether short- or long-term meditation training were associated with pro-environmental behavior, environmental attitudes, and sustainable well-being (i.e., well-being per unit consumption). In a cross-sectional comparison, long-term meditators (n=31; mean=9,154 meditation hours) displayed greater environmental attitudes (d=0.63) but not pro-environmental behavior or sustainable well-being compared to meditation-naïve participants (ds=-0.14-0.27). In a randomized controlled trial (n=125), eight-week training in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction did not significantly improve target variables relative to waitlist or structurally-matched active control (ds=-0.38-0.43). However, relative to waitlist, randomization to either meditation or active control predicted increases in pro-environmental behavior (d=-0.40) and sustainable well-being (d=0.42), although the latter finding was not robust to multiple imputation. While meditation training may promote pro-environmental behavior and its antecedents, the training investigated here does not appear to be uniquely effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Riordan
- Center for Healthy Minds and Department of Counseling
Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Donal G. MacCoon
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison,
And Madison Psychiatric Associates, United States
| | - Bruce Barrett
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Melissa A. Rosenkranz
- Center for Healthy Minds, Department of Psychiatry,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Dekila Chungyalpa
- Loka Initiative and Center for Healthy Minds, University of
Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Sin U Lam
- Center for Healthy Minds and Department of Counseling
Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Richard J. Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, Department of Psychology, And
Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Simon B. Goldberg
- Center for Healthy Minds and Department of Counseling
Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| |
Collapse
|
|
28
|
Kuang TY, Hu Y, Lu Y. The effect of employee mindfulness in the new media industry on innovative behavior: The chain mediating role of positive emotion and work engagement. Front Psychol 2022; 13:976504. [PMID: 36452390 PMCID: PMC9702532 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.976504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness has long been concerned and emphasized by scholars in the field of psychology, but there is still a lack of research on mindfulness in management in China. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 483 employees in the new media industry in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Hangzhou, China. After modeling and analysis, it was found that employee mindfulness has a positive influence on innovative behavior. Employee mindfulness and innovative behavior are mediated by positive emotions. Employee mindfulness and innovative behavior are mediated by work engagement. Employee mindfulness and innovative behavior are mediated by a chain of positive emotions and work engagement. Enterprise managers should improve the level of mindfulness of employees in the new media industry through mindfulness training and courses for mindfulness training, create an organizational environment that can arouse positive emotions and improve the positive emotions of employees, pay attention to arousing the enthusiasm of the staff, and promote the innovative behavior of staff while enhancing work engagement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yue Kuang
- Faculty of Business, City University of Macau, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Institute for Research on Portuguese-Speaking Countries (IROPC), City University of Macau, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Institute for Research on Portuguese-Speaking Countries (IROPC), City University of Macau, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
29
|
Kim E, Gentile DA, Anderson CA, Barlett CP. Are mindful people less aggressive? The role of emotion regulation in the relations between mindfulness and aggression. Aggress Behav 2022; 48:546-562. [PMID: 35613384 PMCID: PMC9790348 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Inducing mindfulness has shown a promising effect on reducing aggression in both clinical and nonclinical populations, possibly because mindfulness can improve emotion regulation. The present study examined the association between mindfulness and aggression through potential mediating effects of several emotion regulation strategies. University and community samples of U.S. adults completed questionnaires on mindfulness, emotion regulation strategies, and trait aggression. Results indicate that mindfulness was associated with rumination and expressive suppression, which mediated the mindfulness-aggression relationship. Most facets of mindfulness were unrelated to the use of reflection and cognitive reappraisal. The nonjudging of experience facet of mindfulness was negatively related to hostility through rumination and expressive suppression. In contrast, the observing mindfulness facet was positively related to verbal aggression and hostility; these relations were mediated by rumination and expressive suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- El‐Lim Kim
- Department of PsychologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
30
|
Nguyen TU, Dorjee D. Impact of a mindfulness-based school curriculum on emotion processing in Vietnamese pre-adolescents: An event-related potentials study. Dev Sci 2022; 25:e13255. [PMID: 35261113 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The neurocognitive mechanisms associated with mindfulness training in children are not well understood. This randomised controlled study with active and passive control groups examined the impact of an 18-week mindfulness curriculum delivered by schoolteachers on emotion processing in Vietnamese 7- to 11-year-olds. Event-related potential markers indexed emotion processing while children were completing emotional Go/No-Go tasks before and after mindfulness training, and at 6-month follow-up. In an oddball Go/No-Go task with Caucasian faces no changes in P3b and LPP components were detected, but in a Go/No-Go task with Caucasian and Japanese faces changes were observed in P3b latencies and LPP mean amplitudes. Specifically, the P3b in response to angry non-targets for Japanese faces peaked later in the mindfulness training group (TG) at 6-months follow-up in comparison to the non-intervention control group (NCG). The LPP mean amplitudes for averaged Caucasian and Japanese angry non-targets were also attenuated in the TG at 6-month follow-up. In contrast, no changes in the LPP mean amplitudes were observed for the NCG over time. Together, these findings may indicate that mindfulness training in pre-adolescents enhances emotional non-reactivity to negative distractors. A fluctuating pattern of LPP mean amplitude modulations for angry targets was observed in the active control group (ACG) receiving social-emotional learning (SEL) training. Overall, findings from this study suggest that mindfulness training in pre-adolescents enhances emotional non-reactivity to negative distractors and some of the effects are culturally sensitive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thy U Nguyen
- Applied Psychology Department, School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Dusana Dorjee
- Psychology in Education Research Centre, Department of Education, University of York, York, England, YO10 5DD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
|
31
|
Rich T, Chrisinger BW, Kaimal R, Winter SJ, Hedlin H, Min Y, Zhao X, Zhu S, You SL, Sun CA, Lin JT, Hsing AW, Heaney C. Contemplative Practices Behavior Is Positively Associated with Well-Being in Three Global Multi-Regional Stanford WELL for Life Cohorts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13485. [PMID: 36294068 PMCID: PMC9603492 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Positive associations between well-being and a single contemplative practice (e.g., mindfulness meditation) are well documented, yet prior work may have underestimated the strength of the association by omitting consideration of multiple and/or alternative contemplative practices. Moreover, little is known about how contemplative practice behavior (CPB) impacts different dimensions of well-being. This study investigates the relationship of CPB, consisting of four discrete practices (embodied somatic-observing, non-reactive mindfulness, self-compassion, and compassion for others), with multiple dimensions of well-being. As with other canonical lifestyle behaviors, multiple contemplative practices can be integrated into one's daily routine. Thus, it is critical to holistically consider these behaviors, extending them beyond a simple uni-dimensional measure (e.g., daily mindfulness meditation practice). We developed an integrative measure of four types of contemplative practice and found it to be significantly associated with a multi-dimensional measure of well-being. Importantly, our findings were from three large global multi-regional cohorts and compared against better-understood lifestyle behaviors (physical activity). Data were drawn from California/San Francisco Bay Area, (n = 6442), Hangzhou City (n = 10,268), and New Taipei City (n = 3033). In all three cohorts, we found statistically significant (p < 0.05) positive associations between CPB and well-being, both overall and with all of the constituent domains of well-being, comparable to or stronger than the relationship with physical activity across most well-being outcomes. These findings provide robust and cross-cultural evidence for a positive association between CPB and well-being, illuminate dimensions of well-being that could be most influenced by CPB, and suggest CPB may be useful to include as part of fundamental lifestyle recommendations for health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tia Rich
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | | | | | - Sandra J. Winter
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Haley Hedlin
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Yan Min
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xueyin Zhao
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shankuan Zhu
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - San-Lin You
- School of Medicine, Data Science Center, College of Medicine Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Sun
- School of Medicine, Data Science Center, College of Medicine Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Town Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ann W. Hsing
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Catherine Heaney
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
32
|
Pux S, Hahn E, Bergmann N, Hahne I, Pauly L, Ta TMT, Pijenborg GHM, Böge K. Cognitive fusion and personality traits in the context of mindfulness: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273331. [PMID: 36170277 PMCID: PMC9518896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
Meditation and mindfulness, though rooted in eastern traditions, have been increasingly embraced in western psychology. However, questions remain regarding the mechanisms through which the beneficial effects of mindfulness occur. The present study aimed to address cognitive fusion as a potential mediator between mindfulness and negative affect and whether the mindfulness-cognitive fusion link is moderated by personality factors in an international sample of frequent meditators.
Methods
An international sample of 739 frequent meditators completed measures of mindfulness (Southampton Mindfulness Questionnaire), cognitive fusion (Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire), negative affect (Brief Symptom Checklist), and personality (Big Five Inventory) in an online survey. Using SPSS Process Macro, cognitive fusion was examined as a mediator between mindfulness and negative affect. Furthermore, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism were investigated as moderators in the mediation model.
Results
Cognitive fusion was found to be a partial mediator between mindfulness and negative affect (b = -0.249; 95% CI, [-0.289, -0.203]), whereas the examined personality factors were not found to moderate the present model (E: t(734) = 0.951, p = .342); C: t(734) = -0.042, p = .967; N: t(734) = -2.271, p = .023).
Conclusions
This study suggests that cognitive fusion plays a significant role in the association between mindfulness and negative affect. These findings indicate the importance of how individuals internally respond and relate to experiences and the instrumental value of mindfulness effects beyond and outside of mindfulness-based interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pux
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Niklas Bergmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inge Hahne
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luca Pauly
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thi Minh Tam Ta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerdina H. M. Pijenborg
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychotic Disorders, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerem Böge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
|
33
|
Xu XP, Wang W, Wan S, Xiao CF. Convergence mechanism of mindfulness intervention in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Clues from current evidence. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:9219-9227. [PMID: 36159418 PMCID: PMC9477656 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i26.9219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the underlying evidence for various aspects of the convergence mechanism of mindfulness intervention in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There may be compatibility among various ADHD remission models and the therapeutic mechanism of mindfulness intervention in ADHD may be mainly via the convergence mechanism. However, neuroimaging-based analysis of the mechanisms of mindfulness intervention in treating ADHD is lacking. Differences in the efficacy of various subtypes of mindfulness intervention, and corresponding specific imaging changes need further investigation. Future research may focus on the neuroimaging features of specific mindfulness intervention subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Peng Xu
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Song Wan
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Chun-Feng Xiao
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Beijing 100088, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
34
|
Approaching or Decentering? Differential Neural Networks Underlying Experiential Emotion Regulation and Cognitive Defusion. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091215. [PMID: 36138951 PMCID: PMC9496919 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the bottom-up experiential emotion regulation in comparison to the cognitiveve top down-approach of cognitive defusion. Rooted in an experiential- and client-centered psychotherapeutic approach, experiential emotion regulation involves an active, non-intervening, accepting, open and welcoming approach towards the bodily felt affective experience in a welcoming, compassionate way, expressed in ‘experiential awareness’ in a first phase, and its verbalization or ‘experiential expression’ in a second phase. Defusion refers to the ability to observe one’s thoughts and feelings in a detached manner. Nineteen healthy participants completed an emotion regulation task during fMRI scanning by processing highly arousing negative events by images. Both experiential emotion regulation and cognitive defusion resulted in higher negative emotion compared to a ‘watch’ control condition. On the neurophysiological level, experiential emotion regulation recruited brain areas that regulate attention towards affective- and somatosensorial experience such as the anterior cingulate cortex, the paracingulate gyrus, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the prefrontal pole, areas underlying multisensory information integration (e.g., angular gyrus), and linking body states to emotion recognition and awareness (e.g., postcentral gyrus). Experiential emotion regulation, relative to the control condition, also resulted in a higher interaction between the anterior insular cortex and left amygdala while participants experienced less negative emotion. Cognitive defusion decreased activation in the subcortical areas such as the brainstem, the thalamus, the amygdala, and the hippocampus. In contrast to cognitive defusion, experiential emotion regulation relative to demonstrated greater activation in the left angular gyrus, indicating more multisensory information integration. These findings provide insight into different and specific neural networks underlying psychotherapy-based experiential emotion regulation and cognitive defusion.
Collapse
|
|
35
|
Systematic Review of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Child-Adolescent Population: A Developmental Perspective. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:1220-1243. [PMID: 36005234 PMCID: PMC9407079 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12080085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human development implies deep changes in cognitive, attentional, emotional, and behavioral skills. Therefore, Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) should be adapted in terms of dose, frequency, kind of exercises, assessment methods, and expected effects regarding the abilities and limitations of each developmental period. The present review seeks to describe and compare MBIs characteristics, assessment methods, and effects in youth between 3 and 18 years old considering four developmental periods. A systematic review was carried out including experimental primary studies published during the last five years. Results show that the frequency of the sessions and program duration varies widely. Differences were observed in instructors’ training and in assessment strategies. Discrepancies were observed regarding the effects of MBIs both within and between periods in cognitive, socio-emotional, symptoms, and mindfulness variables. Consistency was observed in prosocial behaviors for preschoolers, and in emotional and behavioral problems and hyperactivity in ages between preschool and early adolescence. Nevertheless, it was impossible to compare most results and determine consistency or discrepancy due to the lack of studies. Regarding mindfulness, it is defined and assessed in different ways in each period. Orientations are suggested to move from a compartmentalized view of isolated MBIs, towards an integrative perspective that allows tracing developmental trajectories for mindfulness and other key cognitive and socioemotional skills for children and adolescents.
Collapse
|
|
36
|
Achepohl G, Heaney C, Rosas LG, Moore J, Rich T, Winter SJ. The Value of Contemplative Practices: A Mixed Methods Approach Exploring Associations between Resilience and Experiences of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10224. [PMID: 36011860 PMCID: PMC9407846 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the association between resilience and experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults. We used a sequential explanatory mixed methods study design to recruit older adults who spoke English and were 60 and above during the pandemic. Survey data investigated older adults' resilience, post-traumatic growth, well-being, and demographics. Extreme case purposeful sampling of their resilience score was used to select interviewees. Qualitative data sought to understand the relationship between resilience and how older adults responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. Exploring the relationship between resilience (well-being in the face of challenge) and one's experience of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed that participants categorized as having high resilience had long held behaviors of contemplative practices that helped them effectively adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic. As we continue to face global challenges, we must redefine care, guide interventions, and promote healthy aging by incorporating contemplative practices into the lives of older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Achepohl
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, 3180 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Catherine Heaney
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, 3180 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Building 420, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lisa G. Rosas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Alway Building, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jessie Moore
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, 3180 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Tia Rich
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, 3180 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sandra J. Winter
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, 3180 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Senior Coastsiders, 925 Main Street, Half Moon Bay, CA 94019, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
37
|
Bremer B, Wu Q, Mora Álvarez MG, Hölzel BK, Wilhelm M, Hell E, Tavacioglu EE, Torske A, Koch K. Mindfulness meditation increases default mode, salience, and central executive network connectivity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13219. [PMID: 35918449 PMCID: PMC9346127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has begun to identify the neural mechanisms underlying the beneficial impact of mindfulness meditation training (MMT) on health and cognition. However, little is known about the effects of MMT on the global interplay of large-scale networks (LSNs) in the brain. In the present study, healthy, meditation-naïve adults (N = 46) underwent resting state fMRI prior to and upon completing 31 days of MMT or an active control intervention. Independent component analysis, sliding time window, and seed-based correlation analyses were performed to assess training-related changes in functional connectivity (FC) within and between networks with relevance to mindfulness meditation. Across sliding time window analyses and seed-based correlation analyses, we found increased FC between nodes of the default mode network (DMN) and nodes of the salience network (SN) in participants of the MMT. Seed-based correlation analyses revealed further connectivity increases between the SN and key regions of the central executive network (CEN). These results indicate, that, among multiple LSNs, one month of mindfulness meditation effectively increases interconnectivity between networks of the triple network model (DMN, SN, CEN), hereby introducing a potential mechanistic concept underlying the beneficial impact of MMT. Clinical trial registration: This study is listed as a clinical trial on the ISRCTN registry with trial ID ISRCTN95197731 (date of first registration: 15/02/2022).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benno Bremer
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany. .,TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Medical Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - María Guadalupe Mora Álvarez
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Britta Karen Hölzel
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Wilhelm
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Hell
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ebru Ecem Tavacioglu
- TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alyssa Torske
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kathrin Koch
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
|
38
|
Gao J, Leung HK, Fan J, Wu BWY, Sik HH. The neurophysiology of the intervention strategies of Awareness Training Program on emotion regulation. Front Psychol 2022; 13:891656. [PMID: 35936346 PMCID: PMC9355299 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.891656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotion regulation is essential for healthy living. Previous studies have found that mental training such as compassion meditation could help with emotion regulation. However, the underlying neural mechanism and possible intervention strategies of group-based Mahayana Buddhist intervention involved in emotion regulation are still unclear. This event-related potential (ERP) study investigated how compassion and wisdom meditations, two key components of the Awareness Training Program (ATP), may regulate emotion during different mental processing stages, namely attention deployment, cognitive change, and response modification. Eighty-five middle-aged working adults with moderate stress were voluntarily recruited for this study, using a 128-channel electroencephalogram system. After 7 weeks of training, participants (ATP attendance, n = 42; waitlist control, n = 43) were instructed to view negative pictures while practicing compassion or wisdom meditation, with corresponding priming words. Another normal priming condition and a neutral picture condition were set as control conditions. ERP results in the ATP group showed that negative pictures induced greater prefrontal activity (N400 component) in both compassion and wisdom meditation conditions compared with the normal condition, while the control group showed little difference between the conditions. Significantly higher heart rate variability was found in the compassion but not wisdom meditation when compared with the neutral priming condition. Correspondent changes in behavioural data were also found. Converging evidence showed that compassion meditation training could modulate negative emotion processing in stages of attention deployment, cognitive change, and behavioural responses. The prefrontal lobe could play an important role in the process of emotion regulation by compassion meditation, possibly due to the emphasis of the ATP on contemplative practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junling Gao
- Buddhism and Science Research Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hang Kin Leung
- Buddhism and Science Research Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jicong Fan
- School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bonnie Wai Yan Wu
- Buddhism and Science Research Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Bonnie Wai Yan Wu,
| | - Hin Hung Sik
- Buddhism and Science Research Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hin Hung Sik,
| |
Collapse
|
|
39
|
Bahcivan O, Estapé T, Gutierrez-Maldonado J. Efficacy of New Mindfulness-Based Swinging Technique Intervention: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial Among Women With Breast Cancer. Front Psychol 2022; 13:863857. [PMID: 35859820 PMCID: PMC9291217 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.863857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Combining 3rd-wave-therapies with Cognitive-Behavioural-Therapy (CBT) has increased in recent years. Usually these therapies require longer sessions which therefore increases the psychotherapy drop-out rate for cancer patients for multiple medical reasons. This inspired intervention of a shorter 20 min-long mindfulness-therapy (MBST) to be developed for Breast-Cancer-patients (BC). Method This pilot randomised controlled trial was to assess the immediate-outcome of the MBST-intervention for its efficacy for BC-patients by using the Pearson Chi-square test, Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test, and McNemar test for categorical variables; Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon test for the continuous variables. The Emotion Thermometer, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease, and Beck's Hopelessness Scale were used for measuring the intervention outcomes. One hundred seventy-three BC patients were randomly assigned in two-groups (equal-mean-age, p = 0.417). Control-Group (CG, n = 82) received cognitive-disputation-technique a form-of-CBT, and Intervention-Group (IG, n = 74) received MBST. The directives are given to IG: psychoeducation about Mindfulness, and to imagine themselves swinging-in a peaceful environment. When the patients imagine their swing going up, they physically take a deep-breath, and when going down they physically release their breath, and this process is repeated. Result Outcomes post-treatment showed significant higher-improvement in IG in all the assessed-measurements, with large-effect-size: anxiety (p < 0,05, r = 0,67) and depression-levels (p < 0,05, r = 0,71); anxiety-trait (p < 0,05; r = 0,79) reduced, it increases self-efficacy for managing-disease (p < 0,05, r = 0,82) as-well-as hopefulness (p < 0,05, r = 0,61) and saturation-level measured by pulse-meter/oximeter (p < 0,05, r = 0,51). Conclusion MBST is an efficacious intervention to reduce psychotherapy session time for immediate relief from clinical anxiety and hopelessness as well as increase self-efficacy and improve tranquillity for BC-women. It may have a particular clinical significance for supporting patient's adherence to treatment. Although in this pilot sample MBST was found to be effective for short-term-outcome, its efficacy for longer-term-outcome should be examined in future trials. Additionally, breathing laps can be increased possibly for a greater result on rise of saturation levels of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Bahcivan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psiko-Onkologlar Dernegi (Turkish Psycho-Oncological Association), Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Jose Gutierrez-Maldonado
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
|
40
|
Per M, Simundic A, Argento A, Khoury B, Heath N. Examining the Relationship Between Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Emotion Regulation in Self-Injury. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 26:1286-1301. [PMID: 33596395 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2021.1885534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study was to investigate whether mindfulness and self-compassion are negatively associated with engagement in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and whether emotion dysregulation would mediate this relation. METHOD 343 participants (82.2% female; Mage = 23.98; SD = 7.47) were recruited from university and community settings, and completed online questionnaires. Two groups of participants were created: those with lifetime engagement in NSSI (n = 153) and a comparison group with no prior engagement in NSSI (n = 190). RESULTS First, two one-way MANOVAs revealed significant mean differences (NSSI/comparison) across the self-compassion dimensions and specific mindfulness facets. Second, logistic regressions revealed that the self-coldness dimension of self-compassion significantly predicted engagement in NSSI, and specific mindfulness facets (nonjudging and acting with awareness) were found to negatively predict NSSI engagement. Lastly, mediation analyses revealed that emotion dysregulation fully mediated the relationships between both mindfulness total and self-coldness, and NSSI group status. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates preliminary support for the protective role of key mindfulness facets and potential risk of the self-coldness aspect of self-compassion in NSSI engagement. Implications for potential use of treatment protocols may include teaching key aspects of mindfulness and self-compassion as healthier and kinder alternatives to coping with dysregulated emotions.HighlightsMindfulness and self-compassion significantly differ between NSSI/comparison groupsKey mindfulness facets and self-compassion dimensions negatively predict engagement in NSSIEmotion dysregulation fully mediates self-coldness and mindfulness with NSSI group status.
Collapse
|
|
41
|
Sezer I, Pizzagalli DA, Sacchet MD. Resting-state fMRI functional connectivity and mindfulness in clinical and non-clinical contexts: A review and synthesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104583. [PMID: 35202647 PMCID: PMC9083081 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review synthesizes relations between mindfulness and resting-state fMRI functional connectivity of brain networks. Mindfulness is characterized by present-moment awareness and experiential acceptance, and relies on attention control, self-awareness, and emotion regulation. We integrate studies of functional connectivity and (1) trait mindfulness and (2) mindfulness meditation interventions. Mindfulness is related to functional connectivity in the default mode (DMN), frontoparietal (FPN), and salience (SN) networks. Specifically, mindfulness-mediated functional connectivity changes include (1) increased connectivity between posterior cingulate cortex (DMN) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (FPN), which may relate to attention control; (2) decreased connectivity between cuneus and SN, which may relate to self-awareness; (3) increased connectivity between rostral anterior cingulate cortex region and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMN) and decreased connectivity between rostral anterior cingulate cortex region and amygdala region, both of which may relate to emotion regulation; and lastly, (4) increased connectivity between dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (SN) and anterior insula (SN) which may relate to pain relief. While further study of mindfulness is needed, neural signatures of mindfulness are emerging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idil Sezer
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA; Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne University/CNRS/INSERM, Paris, France.
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
| | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
|
42
|
Zhang L, Bai Y, Cui X, Cao G, Dan L, Yin H. Negative emotions and brain: negative emotions mediates the association between structural and functional variations in emotional-related brain regions and sleep quality. Sleep Med 2022; 94:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
|
43
|
Pagis M, Tal O. Collective mindfulness: Somatic attention to group and self in meditation practice in Israel. ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1467-8322.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
|
44
|
Emotion Self-Regulation in Neurotic Students: A Pilot Mindfulness-Based Intervention to Assess Its Effectiveness through Brain Signals and Behavioral Data. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22072703. [PMID: 35408317 PMCID: PMC9002961 DOI: 10.3390/s22072703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroticism has recently received increased attention in the psychology field due to the finding of high implications of neuroticism on an individual’s life and broader public health. This study aims to investigate the effect of a brief 6-week breathing-based mindfulness intervention (BMI) on undergraduate neurotic students’ emotion regulation. We acquired data of their psychological states, physiological changes, and electroencephalogram (EEG), before and after BMI, in resting states and tasks. Through behavioral analysis, we found the students’ anxiety and stress levels significantly reduced after BMI, with p-values of 0.013 and 0.027, respectively. Furthermore, a significant difference between students in emotion regulation strategy, that is, suppression, was also shown. The EEG analysis demonstrated significant differences between students before and after MI in resting states and tasks. Fp1 and O2 channels were identified as the most significant channels in evaluating the effect of BMI. The potential of these channels for classifying (single-channel-based) before and after BMI conditions during eyes-opened and eyes-closed baseline trials were displayed by a good performance in terms of accuracy (~77%), sensitivity (76–80%), specificity (73–77%), and area-under-the-curve (AUC) (0.66–0.8) obtained by k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms. Mindfulness can thus improve the self-regulation of the emotional state of neurotic students based on the psychometric and electrophysiological analyses conducted in this study.
Collapse
|
|
45
|
Hong C, Ding C, Zhu Y, Chen S, Zhang Y, Yuan H, Yang D. 正念干预改善抑郁个体执行功能及其神经机制. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
|
46
|
Abstract
Mindfulness is a term that has become part of our society's vocabulary and its practice has become firmly established in educational, therapeutic and clinical contexts and as a tool for fostering well-being and personal growth. In this article we review the most relevant research conducted on mindfulness in cognitive neuroscience, classifying it in three broad areas: a) differential changes in default network activity due to the practice of mindfulness; b) functional or structural changes in the attentional network, and c) functional or structural changes in the frontal limbic network and the amygdala, related to emotion regulation. There is enough evidence in the literature to affirm the effect of mindfulness practice on the brain, but we still need to produce better experimental designs that allow us to find the mechanisms of action underlying specific practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo G. Díez
- Cátedra extraordinaria de Mindfulness y ciencias cognitivas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, España.Universidad Complutense de MadridUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadridEspaña
| | - Nazareth Castellanos
- Cátedra extraordinaria de Mindfulness y ciencias cognitivas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, España.Universidad Complutense de MadridUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadridEspaña
| |
Collapse
|
|
47
|
May AC, Davis C, Kirlic N, Stewart JL. Mindfulness-Based Interventions for the Treatment of Aberrant Interoceptive Processing in Substance Use Disorders. Brain Sci 2022; 12:279. [PMID: 35204042 PMCID: PMC8870441 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered interoception, or the processing of bodily signals, has been argued to play a role in the development and maintenance of substance use disorders (SUD). Therefore, interoceptive interventions focusing on bodily awareness, such as mindfulness meditation, may improve treatment outcomes for individuals with SUD. Here we review: (1) subjective, behavioral and brain evidence for altered interoceptive processing in SUD, focusing on insular and anterior cingulate cortices (INS, ACC), key regions for interoceptive processing; (2) research highlighting links between mindfulness and brain function; and (3) extant brain research investigating mindfulness-based interventions in SUD. SUD tend to be characterized by heightened INS and ACC responses to drug cues but blunted interoceptive awareness and attenuated INS and ACC responses during tasks involving bodily attention and/or perturbations. In contrast, mindfulness interventions in healthy individuals are linked to enhanced INS and ACC responses and heightened interoceptive awareness. It is crucial for future research to identify: (1) whether mindfulness-based treatments are efficacious across substance classes; (2) what particular approaches and dosages show the largest effect sizes in enhancing INS and ACC function to non-drug stimuli and reducing responsivity to substance cues, thereby improving SUD treatment outcomes (reducing drug craving and relapse).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- April C. May
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chrysantha Davis
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA; (C.D.); (N.K.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Namik Kirlic
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA; (C.D.); (N.K.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Jennifer L. Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA; (C.D.); (N.K.); (J.L.S.)
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
|
48
|
Yu J, Song Y, Hua D, Shi Y, Zhao J. Factors Influencing Mindfulness Among Clinical Nurses in China: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:758-766. [PMID: 35172388 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate factors influencing mindfulness among clinical nurses in China. BACKGROUND Mindfulness has positive effects on nurses' negative emotions and job burnout. However, few studies have explored the antecedent variables of mindfulness. METHODS A total of 358 clinical nurses in Beijing Aerospace Center Hospital completed a cross-sectional survey between July and September 2020. The study employed self-report questionnaires covering social demographics, mindfulness, anxiety, job burnout, emotion regulation, stress perception, resilience, well-being, and loneliness. RESULTS The mean Mindful Attention Awareness Scale score was 66.82±11.53, which is near the cut-off score between the high and medium mindfulness categories. Anxiety, stress perception, emotional exhaustion, and expressive suppression negatively affected the level of mindfulness, while mental resilience and cognitive reappraisal positively influenced the level of mindfulness (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION Hospital nurses have higher-than-normal levels of mindfulness. The mindfulness level of clinical nurses is related to anxiety, stress perception, resilience, cognitive reappraisal, emotional exhaustion, and expressive suppression. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nursing managers should consider the role and mechanism of positive psychology and develop targeted intervention measures to improve nurses' mindfulness, in order to further reduce their negative emotions, improve their sense of professional benefit, and thus ensure the quality and safety of nursing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junye Yu
- Aerospace center hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Aerospace center hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Hua
- Aerospace center hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Aerospace center hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyan Zhao
- Aerospace center hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
49
|
Saarinen A, Hintsanen M, Vahlberg T, Hankonen N, Volanen S. School‐based mindfulness intervention for depressive symptoms in adolescence: For whom is it most effective? J Adolesc 2022; 94:118-132. [DOI: 10.1002/jad.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Education University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Nelli Hankonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Social Psychology University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Salla‐Maarit Volanen
- Folkhälsan Research Center Helsinki Finland
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| |
Collapse
|
|
50
|
Barré T, Ramier C, Mounir I, David R, Menvielle L, Marcellin F, Carrieri P, Protopopescu C, Cherikh F. Mindfulness as a Protective Factor Against Increased Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Hospital Workers Following the First COVID-19-Related Lockdown: a Study in Southern France. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-21. [PMID: 35095351 PMCID: PMC8783775 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19-related national lockdowns worldwide have had repercussions on people's well-being and have led to increased substance use. Mindfulness has previously been associated with reduced psychological distress and benefits in terms of addictive behaviors. We aimed to assess whether dispositional mindfulness protected against increased tobacco and alcohol use in hospital workers after France's first lockdown started. All workers in two French hospitals were contacted by email to participate in an online survey. Three hundred eighty-five workers answered. We ran two separate logistic regression models to test for associations between the level of dispositional mindfulness and both increased tobacco and alcohol use, after adjusting for affect deterioration. Dispositional mindfulness was associated with a lower likelihood of increased tobacco (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) [95% CI] 0.71 [0.51; 0.99], p = 0.046) and alcohol (0.66 [0.50; 0.87], p = 0.004) use. The effect of mindfulness on tobacco use was partially mediated by affect deterioration. Dispositional mindfulness appeared to be a protective factor against lockdown-related tobacco and alcohol use increases in French hospital workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tangui Barré
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de L’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Cedex 5 Marseille, France
| | - Clémence Ramier
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de L’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Cedex 5 Marseille, France
| | - Izza Mounir
- Addictology Unit, University Hospital of Nice, Archet 2 Hospital, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Renaud David
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Centre Mémoire de Ressources Et de Recherche, Institut Claude Pompidou, 10 rue Molière, 06100 Nice, France
| | | | - Fabienne Marcellin
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de L’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Cedex 5 Marseille, France
- SESSTIM, Faculté de Médecine de La Timone, aile bleue, 27 Bd Jean Moulin , 13385 Cedex 5 Marseille, France
| | - Patrizia Carrieri
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de L’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Cedex 5 Marseille, France
| | - Camelia Protopopescu
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de L’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Cedex 5 Marseille, France
| | - Faredj Cherikh
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de L’Information Médicale, ISSPAM, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Cedex 5 Marseille, France
- Addictology Unit, University Hospital of Nice, Archet 2 Hospital, 151 Route de Saint-Antoine, 06200 Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|