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Yang Y, Yang C, Guo C, Mu L. The impact of total sleep deprivation on attentional networks and its neural mechanisms: Based on the Attention Network Test. Behav Brain Res 2025; 484:115513. [PMID: 40015343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2025] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/01/2025]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation, both daily and occupational, has become a prevalent issue in modern society, significantly affecting individuals' attention functions. Traditionally, attention was viewed as a singular, unified system, but advances in neuroscience have revealed it as a network involving coordinated interactions across multiple brain regions. Posner and Petersen's Attention Network Theory delineates three distinct subcomponents - alerting, orienting, and executive control - based on anatomical localization and neurobiochemical mechanisms. However, most studies on sleep deprivation often overlook these subcomponents, treating attention as a generalized process. This paper aims to address this gap by investigating the effects of total sleep deprivation (TSD) on these attentional subcomponents and their potential neural mechanisms focusing on both the general healthy population and specific occupational groups. Using the Attention Network Test (ANT) paradigm and its variants, the findings reveal that TSD differentially affects the three subcomponents of attentional networks, with occupation-specific differences. Notably, the impact of TSD on executive control exhibits greater variability. The state instability hypothesis and local sleep theory are proposed to explain these neural mechanisms, suggesting that TSD disrupts attentional networks through an interplay of top-down state instability and bottom-up local sleep processes. Future research should refine experimental paradigms related to attentional networks, integrate cognitive neuroscience methodologies and computational modeling approaches, and expand investigations into sleep restriction. Such advancements will provide a more comprehensive understanding of how TSD affects attentional networks and further elucidate the interplay between the state instability hypothesis and local sleep theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
| | - Changnan Guo
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China
| | - Li Mu
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian, China.
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Alghamdi RJ, Alotaibi S, Aljuhani O, Alkahtani S. Associations between physical fitness and executive functions in 10-13 year male children in Saudi Arabia. Front Psychol 2025; 16:1493206. [PMID: 40230995 PMCID: PMC11995434 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1493206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the present study was investigating the associations between physical fitness and executive function tasks in children aged 10-13 years, with a particular focus on the contribution of physical fitness to working memory. Findings The findings reported significant correlations between the N-Back task (a measure of working memory) and all three physical fitness tasks: grip strength, long jump, and shuttle run. Additionally, the Flanker task (assessing selective attention) was correlated only with the shuttle run task. However, no significant correlation was found between the Stroop task (measuring inhibition control) and the physical fitness tests. Regression analyses further demonstrated that physical fitness tasks significantly contributed to working memory performance, independent of age and BMI. Contributions These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating diverse physical activities in children's routines to support both physical and cognitive development, particularly in enhancing working memory, which is critical for academic achievement. From an educational and policy standpoint, integrating targeted fitness programs into school curricula may foster both physical health and cognitive development. Consequently, this study underscores the need for holistic approaches that combine physical and cognitive interventions, ultimately enhancing overall development and academic performance in schoolchildren. Hence, this study underscores the need for holistic educational interventions that integrate physical fitness with cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salem Alotaibi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Aljuhani
- Department of Physical Education, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaea Alkahtani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Wang M, Yu J, Kim HD, Cruz AB. Neural correlates of executive function and attention in children with ADHD: An ALE meta-analysis of task-based functional connectivity studies. Psychiatry Res 2025; 345:116338. [PMID: 39947841 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2025]
Abstract
We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of task-based functional MRI studies on executive function and attention in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We searched for studies published before March 20, 2023, in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCO, Embase, and Scopus. The ALE (activation likelihood estimation) method was used to detect differences in brain activation between children with ADHD and comparison children. Fifty-seven (57) studies were included, with 2,231 participants (1,062 children with ADHD). Based on the omnibus meta-analysis findings, significant hypoactivation in children with ADHD relative to comparisons was observed in the frontoparietal network, putamen, insula, cingulate gyrus, and middle temporal gyrus, while ADHD-related hyperactivation was present in the occipital lobe, declive, middle frontal gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus. This study highlights the critical involvement of the parietal lobe. Results also revealed abnormalities in the frontal lobe and brainstem, suggesting unintegrated primitive reflexes. For stimulant-naive children with ADHD, significant hypoactivation in the right cerebrum was observed compared to controls. Finally, dysfunctional connectivity between the frontoparietal network and the striatum may lead to inefficient working memory, while the cerebellum plays a crucial role in inhibitory control and attention tasks. These findings provide important insights into the pathology of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- College of Sports Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China; Department of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Sports Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hyun-Duck Kim
- Department of Sport Marketing, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Karaman AK, Sarıgedik E, Eryılmaz OK, Küçükdağ M, Naldemir İF. Cerebral blood flow differences in cognitive disengagement syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Doppler ultrasonography findings. J Psychiatr Res 2025; 182:161-165. [PMID: 39813960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2024] [Revised: 01/06/2025] [Accepted: 01/09/2025] [Indexed: 01/18/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate potential differences in cerebral blood flow between children with Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) and those with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) using Doppler ultrasound. METHODS In this single-center prospective study, we included 24 cases in the ADHD group with CDS symptoms, 29 cases in the ADHD group without CDS symptoms and, 26 children in the healthy controls. The children ranged in age from 6 to 15. Participants were evaluated by diagnostic interviews and standardized measures. Doppler ultrasound was performed to measure peak systolic velocity and blood flow volume (BFV) in the internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral arteries for each participant. RESULTS The right ICA and total ICA BFVs were significantly lower in the CDS group compared to the ADHD and control groups (p = 0.007 and p = 0.003, respectively). In addition, there was a weak negative correlation between right ICA BFV and CDS scores, suggesting a possible link between reduced cerebral blood flow and CDS symptom severity. CONCLUSION This study provides a noteworthy starting point for research on the neurovascular basis of CDS. Our findings indicated significant differences in cerebral blood flow between CDS and ADHD, supporting the idea that CDS is a unique attentional disorder with distinct neurobiological characteristics from ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kursat Karaman
- Department of Radiology, Sureyyapasa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Enes Sarıgedik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Türkiye.
| | | | - Meltem Küçükdağ
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Düzce University, Faculty of Medicine, Düzce, Türkiye
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Bara I, Cross ES, Ramsey R. The role of art knowledge training on aesthetic judgements and executive functions. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2025; 12:240175. [PMID: 40012756 PMCID: PMC11858790 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 02/28/2025]
Abstract
The study of how we develop art knowledge can provide valuable insights into the underlying cognitive systems that support expertise and knowledge transfer to new contexts. An important and largely unanswered question is whether art knowledge training impacts subsequent judgements of artworks and executive functions. Across three pre-registered experiments (N > 630 total), which used a training intervention and Bayesian regression modelling, we explore whether art knowledge training impacts subsequent judgements of artworks and executive functions. Experiments 1 and 2 revealed an effect of art training on aesthetic judgements for trained but not untrained artworks. These training effects were generalized to unseen artworks produced by the same artist (Experiment 1) or another artist with a similar style (Experiment 2), but not to different art styles. Experiment 2 also showed that with larger training 'doses' (>16 minutes), the generalization effects are stronger. Experiment 3 showed invariance of the attentional network to art training versus non-art training, suggesting similar sensitivity of executive functions to different types of training. This work shines new light on the cognitive systems that support learning and generalization of learning to new contexts. Likewise, from an applied perspective, it emphasizes that learning and generalization can occur rapidly with a relatively short (approx. 16 minutes) training video.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela Bara
- Wales Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
- Social Brain Sciences Lab, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emily S. Cross
- Social Brain Sciences Lab, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard Ramsey
- Wales Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
- Social Brain Sciences Lab, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Gong Z, Bilgel M, An Y, Bergeron CM, Bergeron J, Zukley L, Ferrucci L, Resnick SM, Bouhrara M. Cerebral white matter myelination is associated with longitudinal changes in processing speed across the adult lifespan. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae412. [PMID: 39697833 PMCID: PMC11653079 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 11/15/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Myelin's role in processing speed is pivotal, as it facilitates efficient neural conduction. Its decline could significantly affect cognitive efficiency during ageing. In this work, myelin content was quantified using our advanced MRI method of myelin water fraction mapping. We examined the relationship between myelin water fraction at the time of MRI and retrospective longitudinal change in processing speed among 121 cognitively unimpaired participants, aged 22-94 years, from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging and the Genetic and Epigenetic Signatures of Translational Aging Laboratory Testing (a mean follow-up duration of 4.3 ± 6.3 years) using linear mixed-effects models, adjusting for demographics. We found that higher myelin water fraction values correlated with longitudinally better-maintained processing speed, with particularly significant associations in several white matter regions. Detailed voxel-wise analysis provided further insight into the specific white matter tracts involved. This research underscores the essential role of myelin in preserving processing speed and highlights its potential as a sensitive biomarker for interventions targeting age-related cognitive decline, thereby offering a foundation for preventative strategies in neurological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyuan Gong
- Magnetic Resonance Physics of Aging and Dementia Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Murat Bilgel
- Brain Aging and Behavior Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yang An
- Brain Aging and Behavior Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Christopher M Bergeron
- Clinical Research Core, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jan Bergeron
- Clinical Research Core, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Linda Zukley
- Clinical Research Core, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Brain Aging and Behavior Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mustapha Bouhrara
- Magnetic Resonance Physics of Aging and Dementia Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Yang J, Liang N, Pitts BJ, Prakah-Asante K, Curry R, Yu D. An Eye-Fixation Related Electroencephalography Technique for Predicting Situation Awareness: Implications for Driver State Monitoring Systems. HUMAN FACTORS 2024; 66:2138-2153. [PMID: 37851849 DOI: 10.1177/00187208231204570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study developed a fixation-related electroencephalography band power (FRBP) approach for situation awareness (SA) assessment in automated driving. BACKGROUND Maintaining good SA in Level 3 automated vehicles is crucial to drivers' takeover performance when the automated system fails. A multimodal fusion approach that enables the analysis of the visual behavioral and cognitive processes of SA can facilitate real-time assessment of SA in future driver state monitoring systems. METHOD Thirty participants performed three simulated automated driving tasks. After each task, the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) was deployed to capture their SA about key elements that could affect their takeover task performance. Participants eye movements and brain activities were recorded. Data on their brain activity after each eye fixation on the key elements were extracted and labeled according to the correctness of the SAGAT. Mixed-effects models were used to identify brain regions that were indicative of SA, and machine learning models for SA assessment were developed based on the identified brain regions. RESULTS Participants' alpha and theta oscillation at frontal and temporal areas are indicative of SA. In addition, the FRBP technique can be used to predict drivers' SA with an accuracy of 88% using a neural network model. CONCLUSION The FRBP technique, which incorporates eye movements and brain activities, can provide more comprehensive evaluation of SA. Findings highlight the potential of utilizing FRBP to monitor drivers' SA in real-time. APPLICATION The proposed framework can be expanded and applied to driver state monitoring systems to measure human SA in real-world driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nade Liang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Denny Yu
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Taylor C, Breault MS, Dorman D, Greene P, Sacré P, Sampson A, Niebur E, Stuphorn V, González-Martínez J, Sarma S. An Exploratory Study of Large-Scale Brain Networks during Gambling Using SEEG. Brain Sci 2024; 14:773. [PMID: 39199467 PMCID: PMC11352602 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14080773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Decision-making is a cognitive process involving working memory, executive function, and attention. However, the connectivity of large-scale brain networks during decision-making is not well understood. This is because gaining access to large-scale brain networks in humans is still a novel process. Here, we used SEEG (stereoelectroencephalography) to record neural activity from the default mode network (DMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), and frontoparietal network (FN) in ten humans while they performed a gambling task in the form of the card game, "War". By observing these networks during a decision-making period, we related the activity of and connectivity between these networks. In particular, we found that gamma band activity was directly related to a participant's ability to bet logically, deciding what betting amount would result in the highest monetary gain or lowest monetary loss throughout a session of the game. We also found connectivity between the DAN and the relation to a participant's performance. Specifically, participants with higher connectivity between and within these networks had higher earnings. Our preliminary findings suggest that connectivity and activity between these networks are essential during decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Taylor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (C.T.); (D.D.); (P.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Macauley Smith Breault
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Dorman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (C.T.); (D.D.); (P.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Patrick Greene
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (C.T.); (D.D.); (P.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Pierre Sacré
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Aaron Sampson
- Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (A.S.); (E.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Ernst Niebur
- Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (A.S.); (E.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Veit Stuphorn
- Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (A.S.); (E.N.); (V.S.)
| | | | - Sridevi Sarma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (C.T.); (D.D.); (P.G.); (S.S.)
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Witt ST, Brown A, Gravelsins L, Engström M, Classon E, Lykke N, Åvall-Lundqvist E, Theodorsson E, Ernerudh J, Kjölhede P, Einstein G. Gray matter volume in women with the BRCA mutation with and without ovarian removal: evidence for increased risk of late-life Alzheimer's disease or dementia. Menopause 2024; 31:608-616. [PMID: 38688467 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian removal prior to spontaneous/natural menopause (SM) is associated with increased risk of late life dementias including Alzheimer's disease. This increased risk may be related to the sudden and early loss of endogenous estradiol. Women with breast cancer gene mutations (BRCAm) are counseled to undergo oophorectomy prior to SM to significantly reduce their risk of developing breast, ovarian, and cervical cancers. There is limited evidence of the neurological effects of ovarian removal prior to the age of SM showing women without the BRCAm had cortical thinning in medial temporal lobe structures. A second study in women with BRCAm and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) noted changes in cognition. METHODS The present, cross-sectional study examined whole-brain differences in gray matter (GM) volume using high-resolution, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in women with BRCAm and intact ovaries (BRCA-preBSO [study cohort with BRCA mutation prior to oophorectomy]; n = 9) and after surgery with (BSO + estradiol-based therapy [ERT]; n = 10) and without (BSO; n = 10) postsurgical estradiol hormone therapy compared with age-matched women (age-matched controls; n = 10) with their ovaries. RESULTS The BRCA-preBSO and BSO groups showed significantly lower GM volume in the left medial temporal and frontal lobe structures. BSO + ERT exhibited few areas of lower GM volume compared with age-matched controls. Novel to this study, we also observed that all three BRCAm groups exhibited significantly higher GM volume compared with age-matched controls, suggesting continued plasticity. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence, through lower GM volume, to support both the possibility that the BRCAm, alone, and early life BSO may play a role in increasing the risk for late-life dementia. At least for BRCAm with BSO, postsurgical ERT seems to ameliorate GM losses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alana Brown
- Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Elisabet Classon
- Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nina Lykke
- Thematic Studies, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Åvall-Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology in Linköping and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Ernerudh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Preben Kjölhede
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Nazzi C, Avenanti A, Battaglia S. The Involvement of Antioxidants in Cognitive Decline and Neurodegeneration: Mens Sana in Corpore Sano. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:701. [PMID: 38929140 PMCID: PMC11200558 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With neurodegenerative disorders being on the rise, a great deal of research from multiple fields is being conducted in order to further knowledge and propose novel therapeutic interventions. Among these investigations, research on the role of antioxidants in contrasting cognitive decline is putting forward interesting and promising results. In this review, we aim to collect evidence that focused on the role of a variety of antioxidants and antioxidant-rich foods in improving or stabilizing cognitive functions, memory, and Alzheimer's disease, the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Specifically, we considered evidence collected on humans, either through longitudinal studies or randomized, placebo-controlled ones, which evaluated cognitive performance, memory abilities, or the progression level of neurodegeneration. Overall, despite a great deal of variety between study protocols, cohorts of participants involved, neuropsychological tests used, and investigated antioxidants, there is a solid trend that suggests that the properties of antioxidants may be helpful in hampering cognitive decline in older people. Thus, the help of future research that will further elucidate the role of antioxidants in neuroprotection will lead to the development of novel interventions that will take into account such findings to provide a more global approach to treating neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Nazzi
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10134 Torino, Italy;
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia “Renzo Canestrari”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia “Renzo Canestrari”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
- Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center (CINPSI Neurocog), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Simone Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10134 Torino, Italy;
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia “Renzo Canestrari”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
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Ueda R, Sakakura K, Mitsuhashi T, Sonoda M, Firestone E, Kuroda N, Kitazawa Y, Uda H, Luat AF, Johnson EL, Ofen N, Asano E. Cortical and white matter substrates supporting visuospatial working memory. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 162:9-27. [PMID: 38552414 PMCID: PMC11102300 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In tasks involving new visuospatial information, we rely on working memory, supported by a distributed brain network. We investigated the dynamic interplay between brain regions, including cortical and white matter structures, to understand how neural interactions change with different memory loads and trials, and their subsequent impact on working memory performance. METHODS Patients undertook a task of immediate spatial recall during intracranial EEG monitoring. We charted the dynamics of cortical high-gamma activity and associated functional connectivity modulations in white matter tracts. RESULTS Elevated memory loads were linked to enhanced functional connectivity via occipital longitudinal tracts, yet decreased through arcuate, uncinate, and superior-longitudinal fasciculi. As task familiarity grew, there was increased high-gamma activity in the posterior inferior-frontal gyrus (pIFG) and diminished functional connectivity across a network encompassing frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. Early pIFG high-gamma activity was predictive of successful recall. Including this metric in a logistic regression model yielded an accuracy of 0.76. CONCLUSIONS Optimizing visuospatial working memory through practice is tied to early pIFG activation and decreased dependence on irrelevant neural pathways. SIGNIFICANCE This study expands our knowledge of human adaptation for visuospatial working memory, showing the spatiotemporal dynamics of cortical network modulations through white matter tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyo Ueda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA; National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 1878551, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Sakakura
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 3058575, Japan.
| | - Takumi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo 1138421, Japan.
| | - Masaki Sonoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan.
| | - Ethan Firestone
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | - Naoto Kuroda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA; Department of Epileptology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 9808575, Japan.
| | - Yu Kitazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA; Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Uda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5458585, Japan.
| | - Aimee F Luat
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48858, USA.
| | - Elizabeth L Johnson
- Departments of Medical Social Sciences, Pediatrics, and Psychology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
| | - Noa Ofen
- Life-Span Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Institute of Gerontology and Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA; Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
| | - Eishi Asano
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA; Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA; Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
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12
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Słupczewski J, Gut M, Matulewski J, Tarnowski A. Numerosity comparison, cognitive strategies, and general cognitive functioning in older people. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1340146. [PMID: 38629039 PMCID: PMC11020078 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1340146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies have shown age-related differences in numerical cognition, for example, in the level of numerosity comparison ability. Moreover, some studies point out individual differences in the cognitive strategies employed during the performance of numerosity comparison tasks and reveal that they are related to the aging process. One probable cause of these differences is the level of cognitive functioning. The aim of our study was to determine the relationships among numerosity comparison ability, the cognitive strategies utilized in the performance of numerosity comparison tasks and the general cognitive functioning in older people. Methods Forty-seven elderly people participated in the study. The participants were examined using overall cognitive functioning scales and computerized numerosity comparison task. Results The results showed many correlations between the participants' level of cognitive functioning and the percent of correct responses (PCR) and response time (RT) during numerosity comparison, as well as with the cognitive strategies applied by the participants. Task correctness was positively related to the level of performance in the attention and executive function tasks. In contrast, the long-term memory resources index and visuospatial skills level were negatively correlated with RT regarding numerosity comparison task performance. The level of long-term memory resources was also positively associated with the frequency of use of more complex cognitive strategies. Series of regression analyses showed that both the level of general cognitive functioning and the cognitive strategies employed by participants in numerosity comparison can explain 9-21 percent of the variance in the obtained results. Discussion In summary, these results showed significant relationships between the level of cognitive functioning and proficiency in numerosity comparison measured in older people. Moreover, it has been shown that cognitive resources level is related to the strategies utilized by older people, which indicates the potential application for cognitive strategy examinations in the development of new diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Słupczewski
- Doctoral School of Social Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gut
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jacek Matulewski
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Adam Tarnowski
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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13
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Brietzke C, Vinícius Í, Ribeiro WA, Franco-Alvarenga PE, Canestri R, Vasconcelos GC, Hettinga FJ, Santos TM, Pires FO. Carbohydrate mouth rinse improves performance of mentally fatigued cyclists despite null effects on psychological responses. Physiol Behav 2024; 274:114428. [PMID: 38065422 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Mental fatigue reduces exercise performance through an impaired psychological response such as increased perceived exertion. Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinses improve exercise performance and perceived exertion likely due to an improved activation in cerebral reward areas, then we investigated if the CHO mouth rinse-improved exercise performance in mentally fatigued individuals was associated with ameliorated reward-related psychological responses. We hypothesised that CHO mouth rinse would be beneficial for mentally fatigued cyclists mainly in high-metabolic disturbance intensities. After familiarization and baseline sessions, well trained cyclists (n = 20) performed a maximal incremental test (MIT) after mental fatigue induction. They completed the MIT either without mouth rinse (MF) or rinsing their mouth with CHO (MF+CHO) or placebo (FM+PLA) solutions at every 25 % of the MIT. Psychological responses such as ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), affective valence, emotional arousal, and motivation were assessed throughout the MIT, while performance was assessed as peak power output and time of exercise. Mental fatigue reduced MIT performance (P < 0.05), but CHO mouth rinse was effective to counteract this deleterious mental fatigue effect (P < 0.05). However, we found null effects of CHO mouth rinses in psychological responses above the VT2 (P > 0.05) such as RPE, affective valence, emotional arousal, and motivation. Correlational analysis showed a significant, but moderate negative correlation between motivation and time of exercise above the VT2 when participants used CHO mouth rinse. In conclusion, the ergogenic CHO mouth rinse effects on MIT performance of mentally fatigued cyclists were irrespective of ameliorated psychological responses to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayque Brietzke
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-060, Brazil; Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Program, Federal University of São Paulo, Avenida Sena Madureira 1500, Brazil.
| | - Ítalo Vinícius
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-060, Brazil
| | - Wesley Alves Ribeiro
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-060, Brazil
| | - Paulo Estevão Franco-Alvarenga
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-060, Brazil; Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Program, Federal University of São Paulo, Avenida Sena Madureira 1500, Brazil
| | - Raul Canestri
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-060, Brazil
| | - Gustavo César Vasconcelos
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-060, Brazil; Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Program, Federal University of São Paulo, Avenida Sena Madureira 1500, Brazil
| | - Florentina Johanna Hettinga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom of Great Britain, Northern Ireland United Kingdom
| | - Tony Meireles Santos
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-060, Brazil; Physical Education Program, Research Center for Performance and Health, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 52071-030, Brazil
| | - Flávio Oliveira Pires
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-060, Brazil; Human Movement Science and Rehabilitation Program, Federal University of São Paulo, Avenida Sena Madureira 1500, Brazil
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14
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Mohsenian S, Kouhnavard B, Nami M, Mehdizadeh A, Seif M, Zamanian Z. Effect of temperature reduction of the prefrontal area on accuracy of visual sustained attention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2023; 29:1368-1375. [PMID: 36177972 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2022.2131116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Detection of sensitive signs in many work environments with automated systems (aviation industry, flight safety tower, maritime industry, monitoring in the military industry, etc.) is essential and requires constant visual attention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of forehead cooling on the accuracy of stable visual attention. Methods. This interventional study was performed on 34 male students. The sampling method was a randomized block design. Subjects were assessed by demographic questionnaire, Snellen chart, Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) and physiological and cognitive measurements. Results. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) cooling caused significant changes in sublingual temperature during four measurements in the intervention group. There were no significant changes in heart rate, diastolic blood pressure and saturation of peripheral oxygen (%SpO2) between the two groups. The critical flicker frequency (CFF) as an indicator of cognitive fatigue showed that cognitive improvement after PFC cooling occurred following a reduction in cognitive fatigue. Conclusions. Considering the importance of choosing non-invasive methods to improve the operator's cognitive skills while performing cognitive tasks in the field of neuroergonomics, it can be concluded that PFC cooling is an effective and safe way to improve some cognitive skills such as visual attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Mohsenian
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Nami
- Faculty of Neuroscience, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Mojgan Seif
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Zamanian
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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Sunaga M, Takei Y, Kato Y, Tagawa M, Suto T, Hironaga N, Sakurai N, Fukuda M. The Characteristics of Power Spectral Density in Bipolar Disorder at the Resting State. Clin EEG Neurosci 2023; 54:574-583. [PMID: 34677105 DOI: 10.1177/15500594211050487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common psychiatric disorder, but its pathophysiology is not fully elucidated. The current study focused on its electrophysiological characteristics, especially power spectral density (PSD). Resting state with eyes opened magnetoencephalography data were collected from 21 patients with BD and 22 healthy controls. The whole brain's PSD was calculated from source reconstructed waveforms at each frequency band (delta: 1-3 Hz, theta: 4-7 Hz, alpha: 8-12 Hz, low beta: 13-19 Hz, high beta: 20-29 Hz, and gamma: 30-80 Hz). We compared PSD values on the marked vertices at each frequency band between healthy and patient groups using a Mann-Whitney rank test to examine the relationship between significantly different PSD and clinical measures. The PSD in patients with BD was significantly decreased in lower frequency bands, mainly in the default mode network (DMN) areas (bilateral medial prefrontal cortex, bilateral precuneus, left inferior parietal lobe, and right temporal cortex in the alpha band) and salience network areas (SAL; left anterior insula [AI] at the delta band, anterior cingulate cortex at the theta band, and right AI at the alpha band). No significant differences in PSD were observed at low beta and high beta. PSD was not correlated with age or other clinical scales. Altered PSDs of the DMN and SAL were observed in the delta, theta, and alpha bands. These alterations contribute to the vulnerability of BD through the disturbance of self-referential mental activity and switching between the default mode and frontoparietal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Sunaga
- Gunma Prefectural Psychiatric Medical Center, Isesaki, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takei
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kato
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Tsutsuji Mental Hospital, Tatebayashi, Japan
| | - Minami Tagawa
- Gunma Prefectural Psychiatric Medical Center, Isesaki, Japan
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Suto
- Gunma Prefectural Psychiatric Medical Center, Isesaki, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Sakurai
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masato Fukuda
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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16
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Zhang T, Yang J, Liang N, Pitts BJ, Prakah-Asante K, Curry R, Duerstock B, Wachs JP, Yu D. Physiological Measurements of Situation Awareness: A Systematic Review. HUMAN FACTORS 2023; 65:737-758. [PMID: 33241945 DOI: 10.1177/0018720820969071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this systematic literature review is to investigate the relationship between indirect physiological measurements and direct measures of situation awareness (SA). BACKGROUND Across different environments and tasks, assessments of SA are often performed using techniques designed specifically to directly measure SA, such as SAGAT, SPAM, and/or SART. However, research suggests that indirect physiological sensing methods may also be capable of predicting SA. Currently, it is unclear which particular physiological approaches are sensitive to changes in SA. METHOD Seven databases were searched using the PRISMA reporting guidelines. Eligibility criteria included human-subject experiments that used at least one direct SA assessment technique, as well as at least one physiological measurement. Information extracted from each article was the physiological metric(s), the direct SA measurement(s), the correlation between these two metrics, and the experimental task(s). All studies underwent a quality assessment. RESULTS Twenty-five articles were included in this review. Eye tracking techniques were the most commonly used physiological measures, and correlations between conscious aspects of eye movement measures and direct SA scores were observed. Evidence for cardiovascular predictors of SA were mixed. EEG studies were too few to form strong conclusions, but were consistently positive. CONCLUSION Further investigation is needed to methodically collect more relevant data and comprehensively model the relationships between a wider range of physiological measurements and direct assessments of SA. APPLICATION This review will guide researchers and practitioners in methods to indirectly assess SA with sensors and highlight opportunities for future research on wearables and SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Purdue University, Industrial Engineering, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Jing Yang
- Purdue University, Industrial Engineering, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Nade Liang
- Purdue University, Industrial Engineering, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Brandon J Pitts
- Purdue University, School of Industrial Engineering, West Lafayette, United States
| | | | | | - Bradley Duerstock
- Purdue University, Industrial Engineering, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Juan P Wachs
- Purdue University, Industrial Engineering, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Denny Yu
- Purdue University, Industrial Engineering, West Lafayette, United States
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17
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Kong M, Kim H, Hong T. An effective alerting strategy to facilitate occupants' perception of indoor air quality: By alarming concentration of indoor air pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 325:121428. [PMID: 36914153 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have proven that it is hard for occupants to perceive concentration of indoor air pollution (IAP) and resulting indoor air quality (IAQ) on their own. Therefore, a method is needed to encourage them to turn their attention to actual IAP, in this context, alerting is thus suggested. However, previous studies pose limitations in that they failed to analyze the effects of alerting concentration of IAP on occupants' IAQ perception. To fill the research gap, this study sought to explore a proper strategy to help occupants have a clearer perception of IAQ. A one-month observational experiment was conducted on nine subjects under three scenarios with different alerting strategies. In addition, the visual distance estimation method was used to quantitatively analyze similar tendencies between the subject's perceived IAQ and concentration of IAP for each scenario. The experimental results confirmed that when an alerting notification was not sent, the occupants could not clearly perceive IAQ as the visual distance was the highest at 0.332. On the other hand, when the alerting notification whether the concentration of IAP exceeded the standard or not was sent, the occupants could perceive IAQ relatively clearly as the visual distance was reduced to 0.291 and 0.236. In conclusion, not only installing a monitoring device but also establishing proper alerting strategies on the concentration of IAP is essential to facilitate occupants' IAQ perception and protect occupants' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjin Kong
- Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hakpyeong Kim
- Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taehoon Hong
- Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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18
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Mallach G, Shutt R, Thomson EM, Valcin F, Kulka R, Weichenthal S. Randomized Cross-Over Study of In-Vehicle Cabin Air Filtration, Air Pollution Exposure, and Acute Changes to Heart Rate Variability, Saliva Cortisol, and Cognitive Function. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3238-3247. [PMID: 36787278 PMCID: PMC9979657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To determine how traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposures affect commuter health, and whether cabin air filtration (CAF) can mitigate exposures, we conducted a cross-over study of 48 adults exposed to TRAP during two commutes with and without CAF. Measurements included particulate air pollutants (PM2.5, black carbon [BC], ultrafine particles [UFPs]), volatile organic compounds, and nitrogen dioxide. We measured participants' heart rate variability (HRV), saliva cortisol, and cognitive function. On average, CAF reduced concentrations of UFPs by 26,232 (95%CI: 11,734, 40,730) n/cm3, PM2.5 by 6 (95%CI: 5, 8) μg/m3, and BC by 1348 (95%CI: 1042, 1654) ng/m3, or 28, 30, and 32%, respectively. Each IQR increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 28% (95%CI: 2, 60) increase in high-frequency power HRV at the end of the commute and a 22% (95%CI: 7, 39) increase 45 min afterward. IQR increases in UFPs were associated with increased saliva cortisol in women during the commute (18% [95%CI: 0, 40]). IQR increases in UFPs were associated with strong switching costs (19% [95%CI: 2, 39]), indicating a reduced capacity for multitasking, and PM2.5 was associated with increased reaction latency, indicating slower responses (5% [95%CI: 1, 10]). CAF can reduce particulate exposures by almost a third.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Mallach
- Water
and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Robin Shutt
- Environmental
Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Errol M. Thomson
- Environmental
Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Frédéric Valcin
- Water
and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Ryan Kulka
- Water
and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Scott Weichenthal
- Water
and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada
- Department
of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1G1, Canada
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19
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Lee ES, Weon YC, Kim JS, Lee TK, Park JY. Functional and anatomical alterations in bilateral vestibulopathy: A multimodal neuroimaging study and clinical correlation. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1157931. [PMID: 37064188 PMCID: PMC10098449 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1157931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Object To study multimodal neuroimaging study including resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), anatomical connectivity and brain morphology in patients with bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) and relationship with clinical correlation. Methods Thirteen patients with BVP (7 women; mean age ± SD = 63.5 ± 14.7 years, 22-80 years) and eighteen age and gender-matched controls were compared rs-fMRI and anatomical MRI. Also, we analyzed the relationship between multimodal neuroimaging and Dizziness Handicap Inventory score (DHI), Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living Scale (VDRL), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results Compared with controls, BVP patients showed decreased functional connectivity among the key nodes of the salience network, auditory (including vestibular) network, bilateral posterior parahippocampal gyri, bilateral paracingulate gyri, and right frontoparietal network, and the anatomical connectivity in the right cerebellum, corpus callosum tapetum, and left fornix. BVP patients showed decreased gray matter volume in the bilateral parahippocampal gyri, right precentral gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, and right middle temporal gyrus and increased gray matter volume in the right superior frontal gyrus compared with controls. Correlation analyses showed rs-fMRI and clinical variables showed no significant result. DHI correlated negatively with anatomical connectivity in the bilateral frontal parahippocampal cingulum, corpus callosum, right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, bilateral fornix, and gray matter volumes in the bilateral middle occipital gyri, right superior occipital gyrus, left angular gyrus, and right cuneus in BVP. VADL correlated negatively with Anatomical connectivity in the corpus callosum, bilateral fornix, bilateral cerebellum, bilateral superior and anterior thalamic radiation, right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, bilateral fronto-parietal cingulum, right dentatoruburothalamic tract and gray matter volumes in the right angular gyri, bilateral parahippocampal gyri, right middle temporal gyrus, right cuneus, bilateral inferior occipital gyri, left middle occipital gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, left fusiform gyrus, bilateral caudate, left cerebellar crus, and bilateral calcarine gyri in BVP. Conclusions This study identified reductions in the volume of the hippocampus and alterations in functional and anatomical connectivity that concurs with previously established characteristics of BVP. The degree of disability can be inferred from the change in the connectivity and volume between vestibular cortical areas and their network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eek-Sung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Cheol Weon
- Department of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Park
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Ji-Yun Park ;
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20
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Madden MB, Stewart BW, White MG, Krimmel SR, Qadir H, Barrett FS, Seminowicz DA, Mathur BN. A role for the claustrum in cognitive control. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:1133-1152. [PMID: 36192309 PMCID: PMC9669149 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Early hypotheses of claustrum function were fueled by neuroanatomical data and yielded suggestions that the claustrum is involved in processes ranging from salience detection to multisensory integration for perceptual binding. While these hypotheses spurred useful investigations, incompatibilities inherent in these views must be reconciled to further conceptualize claustrum function amid a wealth of new data. Here, we review the varied models of claustrum function and synthesize them with developments in the field to produce a novel functional model: network instantiation in cognitive control (NICC). This model proposes that frontal cortices direct the claustrum to flexibly instantiate cortical networks to subserve cognitive control. We present literature support for this model and provide testable predictions arising from this conceptual framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell B Madden
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Brent W Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael G White
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Samuel R Krimmel
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Houman Qadir
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Frederick S Barrett
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David A Seminowicz
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian N Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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21
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Krishnamurthy K, Chan MMY, Han YMY. Neural substrates underlying effortful control deficit in autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20603. [PMID: 36446840 PMCID: PMC9708641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Effortful control comprises attentional control, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility subprocesses. Effortful control is impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorder, yet its neural underpinnings remain elusive. By conducting a coordinate-based meta-analysis, this study compared the brain activation patterns between autism and typically developing individuals and examined the effect of age on brain activation in each effortful control subprocesses. Meta-analytic results from 22 studies revealed that, individuals with autism showed hypoactivation in the default mode network for tasks tapping inhibitory control functioning (threshold-free cluster enhancement p < 0.001). When these individuals perform tasks tapping attentional control and cognitive flexibility, they exhibited aberrant activation in various brain networks including default mode network, dorsal attention, frontoparietal, visual and somatomotor networks (uncorrected ps < 0.005). Meta-regression analyses revealed that brain regions within the default mode network showed a significant decreasing trend in activation with increasing age (uncorrected p < 0.05). In summary, individuals with autism showed aberrant activation patterns across multiple brain functional networks during all cognitive tasks supporting effortful control, with some regions showing a decrease in activation with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Krishnamurthy
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Brain & Cognitive Behaviour Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Melody M Y Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yvonne M Y Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Kumar VJ, Beckmann CF, Scheffler K, Grodd W. Relay and higher-order thalamic nuclei show an intertwined functional association with cortical-networks. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1187. [PMID: 36333448 PMCID: PMC9636420 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04126-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all functional processing in the cortex strongly depends on thalamic interactions. However, in terms of functional interactions with the cerebral cortex, the human thalamus nuclei still partly constitute a terra incognita. Hence, for a deeper understanding of thalamic-cortical cooperation, it is essential to know how the different thalamic nuclei are associated with cortical networks. The present work examines network-specific connectivity and task-related topical mapping of cortical areas with the thalamus. The study finds that the relay and higher-order thalamic nuclei show an intertwined functional association with different cortical networks. In addition, the study indicates that relay-specific thalamic nuclei are not only involved with relay-specific behavior but also in higher-order functions. The study enriches our understanding of interactions between large-scale cortical networks and the thalamus, which may interest a broader audience in neuroscience and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian F Beckmann
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department for Biomedical MagneticResonance, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Grodd
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
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23
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Francisco-Vicencio MA, Góngora-Rivera F, Ortiz-Jiménez X, Martinez-Peon D. Sustained attention variation monitoring through EEG effective connectivity. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Slattery EJ, O'Callaghan E, Ryan P, Fortune DG, McAvinue LP. Popular interventions to enhance sustained attention in children and adolescents: A critical systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 137:104633. [PMID: 35337900 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There are a myriad of interventions promoting activities designed to help enhance sustained attention in children and adolescents. In this systematic review, we critically evaluate the evidence behind three popular sustained attention training approaches - cognitive attention training, meditation, and physical activity. Seven databases were searched in addition to secondary searches. Cognitive attention training, meditation training or physical activity intervention studies aimed at improving sustained attention (randomised-controlled or non-randomised-controlled designs) in samples of children and adolescents (3-18 years) were included. We screened 3437 unique articles. Thirty-seven studies satisfied inclusion criteria. In general, cognitive attention training (n = 14) did not reliably improve sustained attention. Physical activity (n = 15) and meditation interventions (n = 8) demonstrated somewhat more potential in enhancing sustained attention, but these effects should be considered preliminary and need to be replicated with greater methodological rigour. Cognitive attention training demonstrated very limited transfer to other aspects of attention. Notably, mindfulness training had rather consistent positive effects on selective attention. Across all three intervention types, there was very weak evidence for transfer to other aspects of cognition, behaviour, and academic achievement. The paper concludes with methodological recommendations for future studies to strengthen the evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eadaoin J Slattery
- Centre for Assessment Research, Policy and Practice in Education, Institute of Education, Dublin City University, Ireland; Dept. of Psychology, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| | | | - Patrick Ryan
- Dept. of Psychology, University of Limerick, Ireland
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25
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Bertaccini R, Ellena G, Macedo-Pascual J, Carusi F, Trajkovic J, Poch C, Romei V. Parietal Alpha Oscillatory Peak Frequency Mediates the Effect of Practice on Visuospatial Working Memory Performance. Vision (Basel) 2022; 6:vision6020030. [PMID: 35737417 PMCID: PMC9230002 DOI: 10.3390/vision6020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Visuospatial working memory (WM) requires the activity of a spread network, including right parietal regions, to sustain storage capacity, attentional deployment, and active manipulation of information. Notably, while the electrophysiological correlates of such regions have been explored using many different indices, evidence for a functional involvement of the individual frequency peaks in the alpha (IAF) and theta bands (ITF) is still poor despite their relevance in many influential theories regarding WM. Interestingly, there is also a parallel lack of literature about the effect of short-term practice on WM performance. Here, we aim to clarify whether the simple repetition of a change-detection task might be beneficial to WM performance and to which degree these effects could be predicted by IAF and ITF. For this purpose, 25 healthy participants performed a change-detection task at baseline and in a retest session, while IAF and ITF were also measured. Results show that task repetition improves WM performance. In addition, right parietal IAF, but not ITF, accounts for performance gain such that faster IAF predicts higher performance gain. Our findings align with recent literature suggesting that the faster the posterior alpha, the finer the perceptual sampling rate, and the higher the WM performance gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Bertaccini
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (R.B.); (G.E.); (J.M.-P.); (F.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Giulia Ellena
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (R.B.); (G.E.); (J.M.-P.); (F.C.); (J.T.)
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Joaquin Macedo-Pascual
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (R.B.); (G.E.); (J.M.-P.); (F.C.); (J.T.)
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Carusi
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (R.B.); (G.E.); (J.M.-P.); (F.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Jelena Trajkovic
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (R.B.); (G.E.); (J.M.-P.); (F.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Claudia Poch
- Departamento de Educación, Universidad de Nebrija, 28015 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (R.B.); (G.E.); (J.M.-P.); (F.C.); (J.T.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina, 306/354, 00179 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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26
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Attentional problems occur across multiple psychiatric disorders and are not specific for ADHD. CNS Spectr 2022; 28:357-360. [PMID: 35593452 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852922000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attentional problems are common and have been associated with multiple psychiatric disorders. This study examined problems of sustained attention across a range of psychiatric disorders using a validated computerized trans-diagnostic attentional paradigm (a continuous performance task). We hypothesized that multiple psychiatric disorders, particularly attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), would be associated with pronounced attentional problems. METHODS Totally, 576 non-treatment seeking participants (aged 18-29 years) were enrolled from general community settings, provided demographic variables, and underwent clinical assessments to detect mental health disorders. Each participant underwent the rapid visual information processing task, a validated computerized test measuring sustained attention. The two measures of sustained attention were the sensitivity index and target detection (proportion of targets detected). The profile of attentional deficits was examined across different disorders using z-scores relative to controls. RESULTS Participants with social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bulimia nervosa, and intermittent explosive disorder showed the greater impairment in target sensitivity, all with effect sizes of at least 0.8. Target detection was impaired across multiple disorders, with OCD and binge eating disorder exhibiting the most pronounced impairment. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and compulsive sexual behavior were associated with particularly spared performance on both measures. DISCUSSION These data indicate that impaired attention is non-specific for ADHD and in fact several other disorders are associated with markedly larger deficits. Instead of clinicians assuming sustained attention problems are due to ADHD, a variety of disorders should be screened for when people report attentional problems. Future work should examine the contribution of comorbidities and psychoactive substances (prescribed or illicit) to the profiles identified.
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Rahimi A, Roberts SD, Baker JR, Wojtowicz M. Attention and executive control in varsity athletes engaging in strategic and static sports. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266933. [PMID: 35452468 PMCID: PMC9032374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Examining non-sport-related cognitive tasks of attention and executive control in skilled athletes may provide insight into the acquisition of highly specific skills developed in experts as well as help identify successful performance in sport. Through a cross-sectional design, this study examined performance on aspects of attention and executive control among varsity athletes playing soccer (strategic sport) or track & field (static sport) using a computerized test of attention and executive control. Ninety-seven university athletes participating in soccer (n = 50) or track and field (n = 47) were included in the study. Domains of attention and executive control were examined using the Attention Network Test-Interactions (ANT-I). Mean reaction time (RT) and intra-individual variability (IIV) were compared between groups as measures of performance speed and performance stability respectively. Soccer players demonstrated overall faster RTs (p = 0.0499; ηp2 = .04) and higher response accuracy (p = .021, d = .48) on the ANT-I compared to track and field athletes. Faster RTs were observed for soccer players when presented with an alerting tone (p = .029, d = .45), valid orienting cue (p = .019, d = .49) and incongruent flanker (p = .031, d = .45). No significant group differences were observed in IIV (p = .083, d = .36). Athletes engaging in strategic sports (i.e., soccer) demonstrated faster performance under test conditions that required higher vigilance and conflict resolution. These findings suggest that engagement in strategic sports is associated with enhanced performance on non-sport-related cognitive tasks of attention and executive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Rahimi
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Joseph R. Baker
- School of Kinesiology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Magdalena Wojtowicz
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Lazarou I, Georgiadis K, Nikolopoulos S, Oikonomou VP, Stavropoulos TG, Tsolaki A, Kompatsiaris I, Tsolaki M. Exploring Network Properties Across Preclinical Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease Using a Visual Short-Term Memory and Attention Task with High-Density Electroencephalography: A Brain-Connectome Neurophysiological Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:643-664. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Visual short-term memory (VSTMT) and visual attention (VAT) exhibit decline in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum; however, network disruption in preclinical stages is scarcely explored. Objective: To advance our knowledge about brain networks in AD and discover connectivity alterations during VSTMT and VAT. Methods: Twelve participants with AD, 23 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 17 with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and 21 healthy controls (HC) were examined using a neuropsychological battery at baseline and follow-up (three years). At baseline, the subjects were examined using high density electroencephalography while performing a VSTMT and VAT. For exploring network organization, we constructed weighted undirected networks and examined clustering coefficient, strength, and betweenness centrality from occipito-parietal regions. Results: One-way ANOVA and pair-wise t-test comparisons showed statistically significant differences in HC compared to SCD (t (36) = 2.43, p = 0.026), MCI (t (42) = 2.34, p = 0.024), and AD group (t (31) = 3.58, p = 0.001) in Clustering Coefficient. Also with regards to Strength, higher values for HC compared to SCD (t (36) = 2.45, p = 0.019), MCI (t (42) = 2.41, p = 0.020), and AD group (t (31) = 3.58, p = 0.001) were found. Follow-up neuropsychological assessment revealed converge of 65% of the SCD group to MCI. Moreover, SCD who were converted to MCI showed significant lower values in all network metrics compared to the SCD that remained stable. Conclusion: The present findings reveal that SCD exhibits network disorganization during visual encoding and retrieval with intermediate values between MCI and HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioulietta Lazarou
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH-ITI), Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
- 1 Department of Neurology, G.H. “AHEPA”, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Kostas Georgiadis
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH-ITI), Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
- Informatics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Spiros Nikolopoulos
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH-ITI), Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Vangelis P. Oikonomou
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH-ITI), Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Thanos G. Stavropoulos
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH-ITI), Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Anthoula Tsolaki
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH-ITI), Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kompatsiaris
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH-ITI), Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Information Technologies Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH-ITI), Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
- 1 Department of Neurology, G.H. “AHEPA”, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece
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Sinha N, Arora S, Srivastava P, Klein RM. What networks of attention are affected by depression? A meta-analysis of studies that used the attention network test. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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30
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Quan P, He L, Mao T, Fang Z, Deng Y, Pan Y, Zhang X, Zhao K, Lei H, Detre JA, Kable JW, Rao H. Cerebellum Anatomy Predicts Individual Risk-taking Behavior and Risk Tolerance. Neuroimage 2022; 254:119148. [PMID: 35346839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human risk tolerance is highly idiosyncratic and individuals often show distinctive preferences when faced with similar risky situations. However, the neural underpinnings of individual differences in risk-taking remain unclear. Here we combined structural and perfusion MRI and examined the associations between brain anatomy and individual risk-taking behavior/risk tolerance in a sample of 115 healthy participants during the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, a well-established sequential risky decision paradigm. Both whole brain and region-of-interest analyses showed that the left cerebellum gray matter volume (GMV) has a strong association with individual risk-taking behavior and risk tolerance, outperforming the previously reported associations with the amygdala and right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) GMV. Left cerebellum GMV also accounted for risk tolerance and risk-taking behavior changes with aging. However, regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) provided no additional predictive power. These findings suggest a novel cerebellar anatomical contribution to individual differences in risk tolerance. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the underestimated important role of cerebellum in risk-taking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Quan
- Research Center for Quality of Life and Applied Psychology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China; Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisheng He
- SILC Business School, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianxin Mao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhuo Fang
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yao Deng
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu Pan
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaocui Zhang
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ke Zhao
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hui Lei
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John A Detre
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph W Kable
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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The Attention Network Test in Parkinson and Lewy Body Disease: A Systematic Review. Cogn Behav Neurol 2022; 35:1-13. [PMID: 35239595 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Attention Network Test (ANT) is a well-established measure of efficiency for the alerting, orienting, and executive attentional networks. However, its novel application in Parkinson disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD) research more broadly has yet to be evaluated systematically. OBJECTIVE To compare and consolidate the outcomes of studies reporting use of the ANT in PD and LBD groups and to identify the methodological considerations for the conduct of such studies. METHOD We performed a systematic literature search for articles exploring attention in PD and LBD groups using the ANT. We excluded articles on the basis of irrelevant scope, non-English, and groups other than PD and LBD. Once the full text articles were identified, we extracted the data and assessed the studies' quality. RESULTS The final sample included 16 articles ranging from low to moderate quality. Behavioral findings suggested a general slowing of responses yet preserved accuracy from the PD group compared with controls. Overall, the evidence was inconclusive regarding the state of the alerting network in the PD and LBD groups, mostly supportive of an intact orienting network, and strongly suggestive of an impaired executive network. Differences in sample stratification, patient symptomatology, and dopaminergic medication levels were identified as influential factors in the attentional results across studies. CONCLUSION Although sparse, the existing evidence indicates that the ANT is a viable option for measuring attention in PD; it can also be harnessed to explore the impact of symptoms and medications on attentional networks in PD and LBD groups.
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Pearce D, Gould RL, Roughley M, Reynolds G, Ward EV, Bhome R, Reeves S. Paranoid and misidentification subtypes of psychosis in dementia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 134:104529. [PMID: 35032536 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to review the neurobiological and neuropsychological correlates of paranoid (persecutory delusions) and misidentification (misidentification delusions and/or hallucinations) subtypes of psychosis in dementia, to establish if they represent distinct subphenotypes. Nine studies were eligible, all included patients with Alzheimer's disease. Greater global cognitive deficits and an accelerated global cognitive decline were observed in the misidentification subtype. Neuroimaging studies showed more marked volume loss in multiple regions in patients with the misidentification subtype, including those involved in object recognition and the processing of information on spatial and temporal context. A single study found greater impairment in visual sustained attention and object recognition in the misidentification subtype. The small number of studies and methodological heterogeneity limit interpretation of the findings. Nevertheless, these findings would tentatively suggest that there may be additional or accelerated pathological change in functional networks involved in visuoperceptual processing in the misidentification subtype. This should be further explored in prospective studies and the investigation extended to other forms of dementia, to gain a transdiagnostic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Pearce
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Rebecca L Gould
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | | | - Gemma Reynolds
- Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Emma V Ward
- Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Rohan Bhome
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Suzanne Reeves
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, W1T 7NF, UK.
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33
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Chen C, Wang Y, Rao J, Tang W, Wu W, Li Y, Xu G, Zhong W. Propofol Versus Sevoflurane General Anaesthesia for Selective Impairment of Attention Networks After Gynaecological Surgery in Middle-Aged Women: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:917766. [PMID: 35911222 PMCID: PMC9330155 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.917766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Attention is an essential component of cognitive function that may be impaired after surgery with anaesthesia. Propofol intravenous anaesthesia and sevoflurane inhalational anaesthesia are frequently used in gynaecological surgery. However, which type of anaesthetic has fewer cognitive effects postoperatively remains unclear. We compared the differences in attention network impairment after surgery in women receiving propofol versus sevoflurane general anaesthesia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-three patients with gynaecological diseases who were 40-60 years of age were involved in the study. All patients underwent elective gynaecological surgery under either total intravenous anaesthesia or sevoflurane inhalational anaesthesia, depending on randomisation. The efficiencies of the three attention networks were captured using the attention network test preoperatively and on the 1st and 5th postoperative days. RESULTS Both groups of patients showed differences in impairments on the 1st and 5th postoperative days. Pairwise comparisons indicated that the alerting and orienting networks of patients in the propofol group were impaired to a greater extent than those of patients in the sevoflurane group on the 1st postoperative day, while the executive control network was impaired to a lesser extent. On the 5th postoperative day, the alerting networks of both groups recovered to the baseline level. Patients in the propofol group still showed impairment of the orienting network, while patients in the sevoflurane group recovered to baseline. For the executive control network, patients in the sevoflurane group still exhibited more severe impairment than those in the propofol group. CONCLUSION In middle-aged women, propofol impaired orienting and alerting networks more than sevoflurane, while sevoflurane showed more residual impairment of the executive control network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuxue Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin Rao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weixiang Tang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanhai Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guanghong Xu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Hamouda K, Senf-Beckenbach PA, Gerhardt C, Irorutola F, Rose M, Hinkelmann K. Executive Functions and Attention in Patients With Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures Compared With Healthy Controls: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:880-886. [PMID: 34292202 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNESs) are considered functional neurological symptoms and are highly prevalent in specialized epilepsy clinics. The underlying mechanisms of PNES are not fully understood. Recent findings point toward possible alterations in attention and executive functions. This study aimed to extend the current knowledge of attention and executive function in patients with PNES and to assess possible relationships between seizures and dissociation, childhood trauma, and cognitive function. METHODS We recruited 40 patients with PNES and 40 sex-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) in this study. Participants completed self-report questionnaires to assess early life stress (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire [CTQ]), dissociation (the German version of the Dissociative Experience Scale, or Fragebogen zu dissoziativen Symptomen), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Executive functions and attention were assessed with the Trail Making Test (TMT), Digit Span, and Attention Network Task. RESULTS Compared with HCs, patients with PNES reported significantly higher levels of childhood trauma, depression, and dissociation. Patients with PNES also had reduced performance indices for Digit Span Forward (d = 0.62), Digit Span Backward (d = 0.62), and TMT (d = 0.67) but not Attention Network Task. CTQ scores positively correlated with TMT and Digit Span Backward performance in patients with PNES. Adjusting for CTQ scores attenuated the observed group difference in TMT performance. Depression and dissociation did not explain the observed findings. CONCLUSIONS These results contribute to the evidence of impaired executive functions in patients with PNES. Furthermore, childhood trauma scores, but not (trait) dissociation or depression scores, seem to drive group differences (HC versus patients with PNES).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Hamouda
- From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; and Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Center of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Proof-of-Concept and Test-Retest Reliability Study of Psychological and Physiological Variables of the Mental Fatigue Paradigm. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189532. [PMID: 34574457 PMCID: PMC8465457 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study provided a proof-of-concept and test–retest reliability of measures frequently used to assess a mental fatigue paradigm. After familiarization, 28 healthy men performed (40-min) the Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP) test in a test–retest design, having mental fatigue sensation, motivation, emotional arousal, total mood disturbance, and electroencephalography (EEG) in the prefrontal cortex measured before and after the test. EEG was recorded during a 3-min rest so that the power spectral density of theta (3–7 Hz) and alpha (8–13 Hz) bands was calculated. Pre-to-post RVP test changes in psychological and physiological domains were compared (paired-T tests), and absolute (standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal difference (MD)) and relative reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)) were calculated. The RVP test induced an increase (p < 0.05) in mental fatigue sensation (120.9% (109.4; 132.4)) and total mood disturbance (3.5% (−6.3; 13.3)), and a decrease in motivation (−7.1% (−9.2; −5.1)) and emotional arousal (−16.2% (−19.1; −13.2)). Likewise, EEG theta (59.1% (33.2; 85.0); p < 0.05), but not alpha band, increased due to RVP test. All psychophysiological responses showed poor-to-moderate relative reliability. Changes in mental fatigue sensation and motivation were higher than SEM and MD, but changes in EEG theta band were higher only than SEM. Mental fatigue sensation, motivation, and EEG theta band were sensitive to distinguish a mental fatigue paradigm despite true mental fatigue effects on theta activity may be trivial.
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The norepinephrine transporter gene modulates intrinsic brain activity, visual memory, and visual attention in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4026-4035. [PMID: 31595036 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The norepinephrine transporter gene (SLC6A2) and deficits in visual memory and attention were associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study aimed to examine whether the SLC6A2 rs36011 (T)/rs1566652 (G) haplotype affected the intrinsic brain activity in children with ADHD and whether these gene-brain modulations were associated with visual memory and attention in this population. A total of 96 drug-naive children with ADHD and 114 typically developing children (TDC) were recruited. We analyzed intrinsic brain activity with regional homogeneity (ReHo) and degree centrality (DC). Visual memory and visual attention were assessed by the delayed matching to sample (DMS) and rapid visual information processing (RVIP) tasks, respectively. The SNP genotyping of rs36011 and rs1566652 was performed. Children with ADHD showed lower ReHo and DC in the cuneus and lingual gyri than TDC. The TG haplotype was associated with significantly increased DC in the right precentral and postcentral gyri. Significant interactions of ADHD status and the TG haplotype were found in the right postcentral gyrus and superior parietal lobule for ReHo. For the ADHD-TG group, we found significant correlations of performance on the DMS and RVIP tasks with ReHo in bilateral precentral-postcentral gyri and the right postcentral gyrus-superior parietal lobule and DC in bilateral precentral-postcentral gyri. A novel gene-brain-behavior association was identified in which the intrinsic brain activity of the sensorimotor and dorsal attention networks was related to visual memory and visual attention in ADHD children with the SLC6A2 rs36011 (T)/rs1566652 (G) haplotype.
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Karimi-Rouzbahani H, Woolgar A, Rich AN. Neural signatures of vigilance decrements predict behavioural errors before they occur. eLife 2021; 10:e60563. [PMID: 33830017 PMCID: PMC8060034 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many monitoring environments, such as railway control, in which lapses of attention can have tragic consequences. Problematically, sustained monitoring for rare targets is difficult, with more misses and longer reaction times over time. What changes in the brain underpin these 'vigilance decrements'? We designed a multiple-object monitoring (MOM) paradigm to examine how the neural representation of information varied with target frequency and time performing the task. Behavioural performance decreased over time for the rare target (monitoring) condition, but not for a frequent target (active) condition. This was mirrored in neural decoding using magnetoencephalography: coding of critical information declined more during monitoring versus active conditions along the experiment. We developed new analyses that can predict behavioural errors from the neural data more than a second before they occurred. This facilitates pre-empting behavioural errors due to lapses in attention and provides new insight into the neural correlates of vigilance decrements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Karimi-Rouzbahani
- Perception in Action Research Centre, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia
| | - Alexandra Woolgar
- Perception in Action Research Centre, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia
| | - Anina N Rich
- Perception in Action Research Centre, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia
- Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia
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Baytunca MB, de Frederick B, Bolat GU, Kardas B, Inci SB, Ipci M, Calli C, Özyurt O, Öngür D, Süren S, Ercan ES. Increased cerebral blood flow in the right anterior cingulate cortex and fronto-orbital cortex during go/no-go task in children with ADHD. Nord J Psychiatry 2021; 75:224-233. [PMID: 33411645 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2020.1864775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a relatively new imaging modality in the field of the cognitive neuroscience. In the present study, we aimed to compare the dynamic regional cerebral blood flow alterations of children with ADHD and healthy controls during a neurocognitive task by using event-related ASL scanning. METHODS The study comprised of 17 healthy controls and 20 children with ADHD. The study subjects were scanned on 3 Tesla MRI scanner to obtain ASL imaging data. Subjects performed go/no-go task during the ASL image acquisition. The image analyses were performed by FEAT (fMRI Expert Analysis Tool) Version 6. RESULTS The mean age was 10.88 ± 1.45 and 11 ± 1.91 for the control and ADHD group, respectively (p = .112). The go/no-go task was utilized during the ASL scanning. The right anterior cingulate cortex (BA32) extending into the frontopolar and orbitofrontal cortices (BA10 and 11) displayed greater activation in ADHD children relative to the control counterparts (p < .001). With a lenient significance threshold, greater activation was revealed in the right-sided frontoparietal regions during the go session, and in the left precuneus during the no-go session. CONCLUSION These results indicate that children with ADHD needed to over-activate frontopolar cortex, anterior cingulate as well as the dorsal and ventral attention networks to compensate for the attention demanded in a given cognitive task.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blaise de Frederick
- McLean Imaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard University, MA, USA
| | - Gul Unsel Bolat
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Balikesir University, School of Medicine, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Kardas
- Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Research and Training Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | | | - Melis Ipci
- Clinical Psychology Department of Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Cem Calli
- Department of Radiology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Onur Özyurt
- Telemed, Bogazici University, Teknopark, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dost Öngür
- Division of Psychotic Disorders, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Serkan Süren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ege University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eyüp Sabri Ercan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ege University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Lema A, Carvalho S, Fregni F, Gonçalves ÓF, Leite J. The effects of direct current stimulation and random noise stimulation on attention networks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6201. [PMID: 33737661 PMCID: PMC7973424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention is a complex cognitive process that selects specific stimuli for further processing. Previous research suggested the existence of three attentional networks: alerting, orienting and executive. However, one important topic is how to enhance the efficiency of attentional networks. In this context, understanding how this system behaves under two different modulatory conditions, namely transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS), will provide important insights towards the understanding of the attention network system. Twenty-seven healthy students took part on a randomized single-blinded crossover study, testing the effects that involved three modalities of unilateral stimulation (tRNS, anodal tDCS, and sham) over the DLPFC, during the performance of the attention network test (ANT) in three different conditions: standard, speed and accuracy. Results showed that tRNS was able to increase attention during more complex situations, namely by increasing alerting and decreasing conflict effect in the executive network. Under the Speed condition, tRNS increased efficiency of the alerting network, as well as under the more demanding conflict network, tRNS overall increased the performance when comparing to sham. No statistical significant effects of tDCS were observed. These results are compatible with the attention requiring the synchronization of pre-existing networks, rather the reinforcement or creation of new pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Lema
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sandra Carvalho
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital & Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Óscar F Gonçalves
- Proaction Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Leite
- I2P-Portucalense Institute for Psychology, Portucalense University, Porto, Portugal.
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Miller HE, Cordella C, Collins JA, Ezzo R, Quimby M, Hochberg D, Tourville JA, Dickerson BC, Guenther FH. Neural substrates of verbal repetition deficits in primary progressive aphasia. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab015. [PMID: 33748756 PMCID: PMC7955979 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between cortical thickness and performance on several verbal repetition tasks in a cohort of patients with primary progressive aphasia in order to test predictions generated by theoretical accounts of phonological working memory that predict phonological content buffers in left posterior inferior frontal sulcus and supramarginal gyrus. Cortical surfaces were reconstructed from magnetic resonance imaging scans from 42 participants diagnosed with primary progressive aphasia. Cortical thickness was measured in a set of anatomical regions spanning the entire cerebral cortex. Correlation analyses were performed between cortical thickness and average score across three phonological working memory-related tasks: the Repetition sub-test from the Western Aphasia Battery, a forward digit span task, and a backward digit span task. Significant correlations were found between average working memory score across tasks and cortical thickness in left supramarginal gyrus and left posterior inferior frontal sulcus, in support of prior theoretical accounts of phonological working memory. Exploratory whole-brain correlation analyses performed for each of the three behavioural tasks individually revealed a distinct set of positively correlated regions for each task. Comparison of cortical thickness measures from different primary progressive aphasia sub-types to cortical thickness in age-matched controls further revealed unique patterns of atrophy in the different subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary E Miller
- Department of Speech, Language, & Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Claire Cordella
- Department of Neurology, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jessica A Collins
- Department of Neurology, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Rania Ezzo
- Department of Neurology, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Megan Quimby
- Department of Neurology, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Daisy Hochberg
- Department of Neurology, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jason A Tourville
- Department of Speech, Language, & Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Department of Neurology, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Radiology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Frank H Guenther
- Department of Speech, Language, & Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Vallinoja J, Jaatela J, Nurmi T, Piitulainen H. Gating Patterns to Proprioceptive Stimulation in Various Cortical Areas: An MEG Study in Children and Adults using Spatial ICA. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:1523-1537. [PMID: 33140082 PMCID: PMC7869097 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprioceptive paired-stimulus paradigm was used for 30 children (10-17 years) and 21 adult (25-45 years) volunteers in magnetoencephalography (MEG). Their right index finger was moved twice with 500-ms interval every 4 ± 25 s (repeated 100 times) using a pneumatic-movement actuator. Spatial-independent component analysis (ICA) was applied to identify stimulus-related components from MEG cortical responses. Clustering was used to identify spatiotemporally consistent components across subjects. We found a consistent primary response in the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex with similar gating ratios of 0.72 and 0.69 for the children and adults, respectively. Secondary responses with similar transient gating behavior were centered bilaterally in proximity of the lateral sulcus. Delayed and prolonged responses with strong gating were found in the frontal and parietal cortices possibly corresponding to larger processing network of somatosensory afference. No significant correlation between age and gating ratio was found. We confirmed that cortical gating to proprioceptive stimuli is comparable to other somatosensory and auditory domains, and between children and adults. Gating occurred broadly beyond SI cortex. Spatial ICA revealed several consistent response patterns in various cortical regions which would have been challenging to detect with more commonly applied equivalent current dipole or distributed source estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Vallinoja
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Julia Jaatela
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Timo Nurmi
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Harri Piitulainen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Aalto NeuroImaging, MEG Core, Aalto University School of Science, 00076 Espoo, Finland
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Ashton JS, Roberts JW, Wakefield CJ, Page RM, MacLaren DP, Marwood S, Malone JJ. The effects of medium chain triglyceride (MCT) supplementation using a C8:C10 ratio of 30:70 on cognitive performance in healthy young adults. Physiol Behav 2021; 229:113252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bell S, Froeliger B. Associations Between Smoking Abstinence, Inhibitory Control, and Smoking Behavior: An fMRI Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:592443. [PMID: 33868037 PMCID: PMC8047070 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.592443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine addiction is associated with dysregulated inhibitory control (IC), mediated by corticothalamic circuitry including the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). Among sated smokers, worse IC task performance and greater IC-related rIFG activity have been shown to be associated with greater relapse vulnerability. The present study investigated the effects of smoking abstinence on associations between IC task performance, rIFG activation, and smoking behavior. Smokers (N = 26, 15 female) completed an IC task (Go/Go/No-go) during fMRI scanning followed by a laboratory-based smoking relapse analog task (SRT) on two visits: once when sated and once following 24 h of smoking abstinence. During the SRT, smokers were provided with monetary rewards for incrementally delaying smoking. A significant main effect of No-go accuracy on latency to smoke during the SRT was observed when collapsing across smoking states (abstinent vs. sated). Similarly, a significant main effect of IC-related activation in rIFG on SRT performance was observed across states. The main effect of state, however, was non-significant in both of these models. Furthermore, the interaction between smoking state and No-go accuracy on SRT performance was non-significant, indicating a similar relationship between IC and lapse vulnerability under both sated and abstinent conditions. The state X rIFG activation interaction on SRT performance was likewise non-significant. Post-hoc whole brain analyses indicated that abstinence resulted in greater IC-related activity in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and insula. Activation during IC in these regions was significantly associated with decreased No-go accuracy. Moreover, greater abstinence induced activity in right MFG during IC was associated with smoking sooner on the SRT. These findings are bolstered by the extant literature on the effects of nicotine on executive function and also contribute novel insights on how individual differences in behavioral and neuroimaging measures of IC may influence relapse propensity independent of smoking state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer Bell
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Psychology Department, Dixie State University, St. George, UT, United States
| | - Brett Froeliger
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI, United States.,Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MI, United States
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Fan Y, Li L, Peng Y, Li H, Guo J, Li M, Yang S, Yao M, Zhao J, Liu H, Liao W, Guo X, Han S, Cui Q, Duan X, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Chen H. Individual-specific functional connectome biomarkers predict schizophrenia positive symptoms during adolescent brain maturation. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 42:1475-1484. [PMID: 33289223 PMCID: PMC7927287 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Even with an overarching functional dysconnectivity model of adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS), there have been no functional connectome (FC) biomarkers identified for predicting patients' specific symptom domains. Adolescence is a period of dramatic brain maturation, with substantial interindividual variability in brain anatomy. However, existing group-level hypotheses of AOS lack precision in terms of neuroanatomical boundaries. This study aimed to identify individual-specific FC biomarkers associated with schizophrenic symptom manifestation during adolescent brain maturation. We used a reliable individual-level cortical parcellation approach to map functional brain regions in each subject, that were then used to identify FC biomarkers for predicting dimension-specific psychotic symptoms in 30 antipsychotic-naïve first-episode AOS patients (recruited sample of 39). Age-related changes in biomarker expression were compared between these patients and 31 healthy controls. Moreover, 29 antipsychotic-naïve first-episode AOS patients (analyzed sample of 25) were recruited from another center to test the generalizability of the prediction model. Individual-specific FC biomarkers could significantly and better predict AOS positive-dimension symptoms with a relatively stronger generalizability than at the group level. Specifically, positive symptom domains were estimated based on connections between the frontoparietal control network (FPN) and salience network and within FPN. Consistent with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia, the FPN-SN connection exhibited aberrant age-associated alteration in AOS. The individual-level findings reveal reproducible FPN-based FC biomarkers associated with AOS positive symptom domains, and highlight the importance of accounting for individual variation in the study of adolescent-onset disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun‐Shuang Fan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of life Science and technologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Liang Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of life Science and technologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Yue Peng
- Department of PsychiatryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Haoru Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of life Science and technologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Jing Guo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of life Science and technologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Meiling Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of life Science and technologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Siqi Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of life Science and technologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Meng Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of life Science and technologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Institute of Mental HealthThe Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Wei Liao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of life Science and technologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Xiaonan Guo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of life Science and technologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Shaoqiang Han
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of life Science and technologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Qian Cui
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of life Science and technologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Xujun Duan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of life Science and technologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of PsychiatryFirst Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of PsychiatryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of life Science and technologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
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Morandini HA, Silk TJ, Griffiths K, Rao P, Hood SD, Zepf FD. Meta-analysis of the neural correlates of vigilant attention in children and adolescents. Cortex 2020; 132:374-385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Li Y, Wang Y, Jin X, Niu D, Zhang L, Jiang SY, Ruan HD, Ho GW. Sex differences in hemispheric lateralization of attentional networks. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 85:2697-2709. [PMID: 33026540 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-020-01423-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Males and females differ in various abilities. However, sex differences in hemispheric lateralization of attentional processing are still not well-understood. Using a lateralized version of the attentional network test that combines the Posner cueing paradigm and visual field methodology, we aimed to examine sex differences in the lateralization of several attentional processes including alerting, executive control, orienting benefit, reorienting, and orienting cost. Fifty-six females and 59 males participated in this study. We found a left visual field (right hemisphere) advantage for alerting defined by the differences between no-cue and center-cue conditions in the male group, but it was mainly attributed to the left visual field advantage in the no-cue condition. In contrast, the female group exhibited a left visual field advantage in the center-cue condition. Both groups showed preferences to the left visual field for reorienting and orienting cost, but females exhibited larger effects. This indicates that the two sexes exhibit similarities in terms of the lateralization of these two attentional processes. Furthermore, the interactions between executive control and reorienting/orienting cost were more efficient in males than in females. The current study highlights sex differences in the hemispheric lateralization of attentional networks and possible underlying neural substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College (UIC), 2000 Jintong Road, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China.,Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohong Jin
- Student Affairs Office, Wuhan Polytechnic College, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dun Niu
- College of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Linjun Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Language Resources and College of Advanced Chinese Training, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing, China
| | - Sabrina Yanan Jiang
- Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College (UIC), 2000 Jintong Road, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China
| | - Huada Daniel Ruan
- Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College (UIC), 2000 Jintong Road, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China
| | - Ghee Wee Ho
- Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College (UIC), 2000 Jintong Road, Zhuhai, 519087, Guangdong, China.
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47
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Ano Y, Kobayashi K, Hanyuda M, Kawashima R. β-lactolin increases cerebral blood flow in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:18660-18675. [PMID: 32989176 PMCID: PMC7585116 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The number of elderly individuals with age-related cognitive decline or dementia is rapidly increasing. Dairy product consumption, including β-lactolin, is beneficial for their cognitive function. The underlying mechanism of β-lactolin's effects on human brain activity is yet to be investigated. We examined the β-lactolin effects on human cerebral blood flow (CBF) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in a placebo-controlled randomized double-blind study, which reported according to the CONSORT guidelines. Fifty healthy participants (aged 45-60 years) were randomly allocated into the β-lactolin or the placebo group (n = 25 each) and supplemented for 6 weeks. During the 6th week, oxy-hemoglobin during the working memory tasks was measured using 34-channels (CHs) NIRS. The changes of oxy-hemoglobin, which represents the CBF, in CH 23 located at the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during the spatial working memory task showed higher statistical significance (false discovery rate (q) = 0.045) in the β-lactolin than in the placebo group. The oxy-Hb changes in CH23 have a co-relationship with the working memory task reaction time. This clinical trial showed an increase in the CBF in the left DLPFC area during the 6-week β-lactolin supplementation. This study contributes to elucidating the underlying mechanisms of β-lactolin on cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Ano
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company, Ltd., Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Keiko Kobayashi
- Kirin Central Research Institute, Kirin Holdings Company, Ltd., Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | | | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0872, Japan,NeU Corporation, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0048, Japan
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48
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Lombardo D, Cassé-Perrot C, Ranjeva JP, Le Troter A, Guye M, Wirsich J, Payoux P, Bartrés-Faz D, Bordet R, Richardson JC, Felician O, Jirsa V, Blin O, Didic M, Battaglia D. Modular slowing of resting-state dynamic functional connectivity as a marker of cognitive dysfunction induced by sleep deprivation. Neuroimage 2020; 222:117155. [PMID: 32736002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic Functional Connectivity (dFC) in the resting state (rs) is considered as a correlate of cognitive processing. Describing dFC as a flow across morphing connectivity configurations, our notion of dFC speed quantifies the rate at which FC networks evolve in time. Here we probe the hypothesis that variations of rs dFC speed and cognitive performance are selectively interrelated within specific functional subnetworks. In particular, we focus on Sleep Deprivation (SD) as a reversible model of cognitive dysfunction. We found that whole-brain level (global) dFC speed significantly slows down after 24h of SD. However, the reduction in global dFC speed does not correlate with variations of cognitive performance in individual tasks, which are subtle and highly heterogeneous. On the contrary, we found strong correlations between performance variations in individual tasks -including Rapid Visual Processing (RVP, assessing sustained visual attention)- and dFC speed quantified at the level of functional sub-networks of interest. Providing a compromise between classic static FC (no time) and global dFC (no space), modular dFC speed analyses allow quantifying a different speed of dFC reconfiguration independently for sub-networks overseeing different tasks. Importantly, we found that RVP performance robustly correlates with the modular dFC speed of a characteristic frontoparietal module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lombardo
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Cassé-Perrot
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France; Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacovigilance, AP-HM, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Ranjeva
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique et Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM, 7339), Medical School of Marseille, 13005, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, CEMEREM, Pôle d'Imagerie Médicale, CHU, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Le Troter
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique et Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM, 7339), Medical School of Marseille, 13005, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, CEMEREM, Pôle d'Imagerie Médicale, CHU, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Guye
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique et Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM, 7339), Medical School of Marseille, 13005, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, CEMEREM, Pôle d'Imagerie Médicale, CHU, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Jonathan Wirsich
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique et Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM, 7339), Medical School of Marseille, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- UMR 825 Inserm, Imagerie Cérébrale et Handicaps Neurologiques, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Régis Bordet
- U1171 Inserm, CHU Lille, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jill C Richardson
- Neurosciences Therapeutic Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Olivier Felician
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France; APHM, Timone, Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, Hôpital Timone Adultes, Marseille, France
| | - Viktor Jirsa
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Blin
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France; Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacovigilance, AP-HM, France
| | - Mira Didic
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France; APHM, Timone, Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, Hôpital Timone Adultes, Marseille, France
| | - Demian Battaglia
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS) UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France.
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49
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Chen W, Liu B, Li X, Wang P, Wang B. Sex Differences in Spatial Memory. Neuroscience 2020; 443:140-147. [PMID: 32710913 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spatial memory is an essential ability for living. Some studies have demonstrated the finding of sex differences in spatial memory. However, the results are diverse, ranging from "significant difference" to "no difference". In this study, we sought to determine the underlying sex differences observed during spatial memory by examining neurofunctional differences in the distinct cortical regions that lay within the spatial memory network. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure neural responses while healthy young adults were engaged in spatial memory tasks with different levels of memory load. Our results not only illustrate consistent spatial memory networks between the female and male groups but also find a functional interaction between sex and difficulty in left superior frontal gyrus (lSFG) during the encoding phase. In addition, sex divergences in spatial memory appear when task difficulty increases. In sum, our study supports the existence of sex differences in spatial memory and demonstrates the role of task-difficulty expressed in terms of spatial memory involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Chen
- College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Baolin Liu
- School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Xianglin Li
- Medical Imaging Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Medical Imaging Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
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50
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Kazemi R, Rostami R, Dehghan S, Nasiri Z, Lotfollahzadeh S, L Hadipour A, Khomami S, Ishii R, Ikeda S. Alpha frequency rTMS modulates theta lagged nonlinear connectivity in dorsal attention network. Brain Res Bull 2020; 162:271-281. [PMID: 32619694 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a key structure in dorsal attention network (DAN) that facilitates sustained attention by modulating activity in task related and unrelated regions of the brain. Alpha and theta frequency bands enhance connectivity among different parts of the attention network and these connections are facilitated by long-range nonlinear connectivity in theta and alpha frequency bands. This study is an investigation of the behavioral and electrophysiological effects of alpha and theta frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over RDLPFC. 20 healthy participants were randomly assigned to two groups of theta (n = 11, f = 6 Hz) and alpha (n = 9, f = 10 Hz) rTMS. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded before and after each session while resting and performing tasks. Current source density (CSD) and functional connectivity (FC) in DAN and default mode network (DMN) and their correlations with rapid visual information processing task (RVIP) scores were calculated . Alpha frequency rTMS resulted in significant changes in RVIP scores. Active theta rTMS caused an increase in CSD in Postcentral gyrus and active alpha rTMS resulted in significant CSD changes in inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Theta lagged nonlinear connectivity was mudulated by alpha rTMSand FC changes were observed in DAN and DMN. Positive correlations were observed between DAN regions and RVIP scores in the alpha rTMS group. Increased activity in theta frequency band in left aPFC and left DLPFC correlated positively with higher total hits in RVIP. This study showed for the first time that theta and alpha frequency rTMS are able to modulate FC in DAN and DMN in a way that results in better performance in a sustained attention task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Kazemi
- Cognitive Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Atieh Clinical Neuroscience Center, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Rostami
- Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Nasiri
- Atieh Clinical Neuroscience Center, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abed L Hadipour
- Atieh Clinical Neuroscience Center, Tehran, Iran; Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ryouhei Ishii
- Smart Rehabilitation Research Center, Osaka Prefecture University, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Habikino, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Ikeda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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