Adequate antiplatelet regimen in patients on chronic anti-vitamin K treatment undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Table 1 Charlson comorbidity index components and weights

Comorbid condition	Weight
Myocardial infarction	1
Congestive heart failure	1
Peripheral vascular disease	1
Cerebrovascular disease	1
Dementia	1
Chronic pulmonary disease	1
Connective tissue disease	1
Ulcer disease	1
Mild liver disease	1
Diabetes	1
Hemiplegia	2
Moderate or severe renal disease	2
Diabetes with end-organ damage	2
Any tumor	2
Leukemia	2
Lymphoma	2
Moderate or severe liver disease	3
Metastatic solid tumor	6
AIDS	6

AIDS: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Table 2 Baseline clinical characteristics of the study population (n = 138)

	n (%)
Age (mean ± SD, yr)	70.7 ± 9.3
Female	29 (21.0)
Hypertension	95 (68.8)
Diabetes mellitus	44 (31.8)
Dyslipidemia	73 (52.9)
Smoking	34 (24.6)
Renal failure	30 (21.7)
Previous stroke	25 (18.1)
Vasculopathy	22 (15.9)
Previous coronary artery bypass graft	32 (23.1)
Previous percutaneous coronary intervention	21 (15.2)
Previous myocardial infarction	46 (33.3)
Charlson score (mean ± SD)	4.3 ± 1.6
Clinical presentation
Asymptomatic	12 (8.7)
Stable angina	45 (32.6)
NSTEMI	58 (42.0)
STEMI	21 (15.2)
Indication to AVK treatment
Atrial fibrillation	93 (67)
CHADS2 0	0 (0)
CHADS2 1	69 (75)
CHADS2 ≥ 2	24 (25)
Pulmonary emboli	4 (2.9)
Systemic emboli	4 (2.9)
Isolated cardiomyopathy	14 (10.1)
Mechanical valve prosthesis	22 (15.2)
Thrombus in left ventricle	2 (1.4)
Number of diseased vessels
1	79 (57.2)
2	41 (29.7)
3	16 (11.6)
Number of treated vessels
1	118 (85.5)
2	20 (14.5)
Vessels diseased
Left main	13
Left anterior descending	85
Left circumflex	52
Right coronary artery	69
Saphenous vein graft	4

AVK: Anti-vitamin K; NSTEMI: Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI: ST elevation myocardial infarction; CHADS2: Stroke and transient ischemic attack score.

Table 3 Angiographic and procedural characteristics (n = 178) n (%)

Lesion type classification
A	40 (23.1)
B	103 (59.5)
C	25 (17.4)
Chronic total occlusion	9 (5.2)
Bifurcation	30 (17.3)
Access site
Transradial	133 (74.8)
Transfemoral	52 (25.2)
Direct stenting	45 (25.3)
DES	26 (14.6)
Length of implanted stents (mm, mean ± SD)	22.3 ± 11.6
Diameter of implanted stents (mm, mean ± SD)	3.18 ± 1.24
QCA analysis (mean ± SD)
Reference diameter pre (mm)	2.9 ± 0.67
Reference diameter post (mm)	3.0 ± 0.55
MLD pre (mm)	0.74 ± 0.5
MLD post (mm)	2.6 ± 0.5
% stenosis pre	74.6 ± 16.1
% stenosis post	12.3 ± 8.9
Acute gain (mm)	1.8 ± 0.6

QCA: Quantitative coronary angiography; DES: Drug eluting stent; MLD: Minimal luminal diameter.

Table 4 Long-term clinical outcomes after discharge (¹n = 178)

	n (%)
Major adverse cardiac events	31 (22.9)
Death	21 (15.5)
Cardiac death	17 (12.6)
Non-cardiac death	4 (2.9)
Myocardial infarction	8 (5.9)
Target lesion revascularization	15 (11.1)
Major hemorrhagic event	10 (7.4)
Stroke
Hemorrhagic stroke	3 (2.2)
Ischemic stroke	2 (1.5)
Definite/probable stent thrombosis	6 (4.4)
Possible stent thrombosis	8 (5.9)

¹Patients who died during index admission were excluded from this analysis.