Effects of 5-methoxytryptophan on cardiac structure and functions in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy

Table 1 Changes in cardiac structural parameters after 8 days, 16 days, and 32 days of 5-methoxytryptophan treatment in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy

Treatment group	Day 8	P value	Day 16	P value	Day 32	P value
ΔLVEDD
DCM (control)	0.19 ± 0.14		-0.01 ± 0.15		0.001 ± 0.06
DCM + 5-MTP 25 mg/kg	-0.07 ± 0.13	0.013a	-0.07 ± 0.10	0.529	0.02 ± 0.14	0.799
DCM + 5-MTP 50 mg/kg	-0.10 ± 0.12	0.006a	-0.02 ± 0.15	0.969	-0.12 ± 0.07	0.077
DCM + 5-MTP 100 mg/kg	0.03 ± 0.09	0.094	0.01 ± 0.07	0.835	0.04 ± 0.05	0.587
P for treatment vs control		0.026		0.843		0.106
ΔLVESD
DCM (control)	0.19 ± 0.06		0.02 ± 0.09		-0.02 ± 0.05
DCM + 5-MTP 25 mg/kg	-0.02 ± 0.11	0.013a	-0.07 ± 0.08	0.232	0.01 ± 0.09	0.593
DCM + 5-MTP 50 mg/kg	-0.01 ± 0.14	0.021a	-0.05 ± 0.12	0.390	-0.05 ± 0.08	0.482
DCM + 5-MTP 100 mg/kg	0.01 ± 0.10	0.028	-0.02 ± 0.10	0.644	0.07 ± 0.08	0.155
P for treatment vs control		0.044		0.634		0.203

^aP < 0.05.

Normally distributed data are presented as mean ± SD and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance; non-normally distributed data are presented as the median (minimum-maximum) and analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Comparisons between the control group and treatment groups were performed using post-hoc least significant difference for normally distributed data and pairwise Bonferroni testing for non-normally distributed data. 5-MTP: 5-Methoxytryptophan; DCM: Diabetic cardiomyopathy; LVEDD: Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVESD: Left ventricular end-systolic diameter.

Table 2 Changes in cardiac systolic function after 8 days, 16 days, and 32 days of 5-methoxytryptophan treatment in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy

Treatment group	Day 8	P value	Day 16	P value	Day 32	P value
ΔLVEF
DCM (control)	-13.83 ± 3.87		-1.07 ± 8.51		2.43 ± 8.17
DCM + 5-MTP 25 mg/kg	-2.12 ± 5.20	0.135	6.94 ± 7.38	0.212	-3.07 ± 14.37	0.511
DCM + 5-MTP 50 mg/kg	-5.40 ± 17.47	0.271	5.95 ± 6.39	0.271	-3.10 ± 13.91	0.509
DCM + 5-MTP 100 mg/kg	1.32 ± 8.86	0.060	3.71 ± 11.29	0.447	-6.44 ± 7.80	0.296
P for treatment vs control		0.245		0.576		0.749
ΔFS
DCM (control)	-14.18 ± 7.05		-0.73 ± 6.90		3.61 ± 8.73
DCM + 5-MTP 25 mg/kg	-2.72 ± 4.99	0.106	6.56 ± 7.28	0.259	-1.06 ± 9.51	0.543
DCM + 5-MTP 50 mg/kg	-4.24 ± 14.01	0.155	5.93 ± 6.20	0.300	-0.94 ± 13.73	0.553
DCM + 5-MTP 100 mg/kg	1.67 ± 8.50	0.032a	5.69 ± 12.78	0.317	-6.97 ± 9.45	0.181
P for treatment vs control		0.155		0.617		0.583

^aP < 0.05.

Normally distributed data are presented as mean ± SD and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance; non-normally distributed numerical data are presented as median (minimum-maximum) and analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Comparisons between the control group and treatment groups were performed using post hoc least significant difference for normally distributed data and pairwise Bonferroni testing for non-normally distributed data. 5-MTP: 5-Methoxytryptophan; DCM: Diabetic cardiomyopathy; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; FS: Fractional shortening.

Table 3 Changes in cardiac diastolic function after 8 days, 16 days, and 32 days of 5-methoxytryptophan treatment in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy

Treatment group	Day 8	P value	Day 16	P value	Day 32	P value
ΔE/e'
DCM (control)	-4.63 ± 12.06		-6.83 ± 9.98		-10.46 ± 16.38
DCM + 5-MTP 25 mg/kg	1.72 ± 4.96	0.269	-2.27 ± 13.41	0.527	-1.82 ± 11.76	0.299
DCM + 5-MTP 50 mg/kg	-0.16 ± 6.32	0.431	-3.46 ± 9.48	0.638	4.73 ± 5.45	0.081
DCM + 5-MTP 100 mg/kg	1.53 ± 5.47	0.283	-1.13 ± 4.60	0.430	4.18 ± 8.48	0.091
P for treatment vs control		0.639		0.861		0.248
ΔE/A
DCM (control)	0.09 ± 0.92		-0.09 ± 0.83		-0.31 ± 0.11
DCM + 5-MTP 25 mg/kg	-0.40 ± 0.35	0.296	-0.30 ± 1.87	0.801	0.66 ± 0.29	0.003a
DCM + 5-MTP 50 mg/kg	-0.07 ± 0.25	0.730	0.34 ± 0.54	0.590	0.01 ± 0.29	0.264
DCM + 5-MTP 100 mg/kg	0.05 ± 0.62	0.936	0.25 ± 0.60	0.669	-0.06 ± 0.62	0.376
P for treatment vs control		0.693		0.834		0.020a

^aP < 0.05.

Normally distributed data are presented as mean ± SD and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance; non-normally distributed numerical data are presented as median (minimum-maximum) and analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Comparisons between the control group and treatment groups were performed using post hoc least significant difference for normally distributed data and pairwise Bonferroni testing for non-normally distributed data. 5-MTP: 5-Methoxytryptophan; DCM: Diabetic cardiomyopathy.