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Effects of 5-methoxytryptophan on cardiac structure and functions in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy
Susetyo Atmojo, Bambang Budi Siswanto, Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
Susetyo Atmojo, Bambang Budi Siswanto, Apridya Nurhafizah, Riska Ferdian, Wilbert Huang, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta 11420, Indonesia
Bambang Budi Siswanto, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 16424, Indonesia
Nurjati Chairani Siregar, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
Nurjati Chairani Siregar, Puspita Eka Wuyung, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 16424, Indonesia
Aria Kekalih, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 16424, Indonesia
Fadlina Chany Saputri, Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 16424, Indonesia
Budi Susetyo Pikir, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
Budi Susetyo Pikir, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital-Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
Deni Noviana, Division of Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Bio
Puspita Eka Wuyung, Animal Research Facility, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
Author contributions: Atmojo S, Siswanto BB, Wuyung PE and Siregar NC conceived and designed the study; Atmojo S and Noviana D developed the methodology; Kekalih A developed the statistical analysis software; Pikir BS, Kekalih A and Saputri FC validated the methodology and analyses; Kekalih A and Pikir BS performed the formal statistical analysis; Wuyung PE, Siregar NC and Noviana D conducted the investigation; Siswanto BB provided study resources; Wuyung PE curated the data; Atmojo S drafted the manuscript; Atmojo S, Siswanto BB, Wuyung PE, Siregar NC, Kekalih A, Saputri FC, Pikir BS and Huang W critically revised the manuscript; Siregar NC, Wuyung PE and Huang W prepared the figures and data visualizations; Siswanto BB, Noviana D and Wuyung PE supervised the study; Atmojo S and Siswanto BB administered the project.
AI contribution statement: AI tools were used for language editing.
Institutional review board statement: The experimental protocol was reviewed and approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital–Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, No. KET-231/UN2.F1/ETIK/PPM.00.02/2025.
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: All animal procedures were conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals and were approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital–Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia under, No. KET-231/UN2.F1/ETIK/PPM.00.02/2025.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The author(s) declared no potential conflict of interest for the research, authorship, and publication.
ARRIVE guidelines statement: The authors have read the ARRIVE guidelines, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the ARRIVE guidelines.
Data sharing statement: The data presented in this study are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author.
Corresponding author: Susetyo Atmojo, Consultant, Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6, Central, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia. susetyoatmojo30@gmail.com
Received: May 27, 2026
Revised: June 19, 2026
Accepted: August 14, 2026
Published online: August 26, 2026
Processing time: 94 Days and 2 Hours
Revised: June 19, 2026
Accepted: August 14, 2026
Published online: August 26, 2026
Processing time: 94 Days and 2 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by progressive myocardial remodeling and a lack of therapies that specifically target the underlying inflammatory and fibrotic processes. This study evaluated the effects of 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) in a rat model of DCM. Treatment with 5-MTP significantly reduced N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels and attenuated early structural remodeling but did not improve systolic or diastolic cardiac function. These findings suggest that 5-MTP may influence early myocardial remodeling; however, additional studies are needed to de