Prognostic value of glomerular-filtration-rate estimated by common and modified Asian/Chinese equations for cardiovascular outcomes in elderly Chinese individuals

doi:10.4330/wjc.119376

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World Journal of Cardiology

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1949-8462

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Cardiol. Jun 26, 2026; 18(6): 119376
Published online Jun 26, 2026. doi: 10.4330/wjc.119376

Table 1 Baseline characteristics based on estimated glomerular filtration rate values estimated with different equations, n (%)/median (interquartile range)

Variable	Total (n = 3257)	MDRD, < 90 mL/minute (n = 2069, 63.5%)	c-aMDRD, < 90 mL/minute (n = 1466, 45.0%)	CKD-EPI, < 90 mL/minute (n = 2436, 74.8%)	aCKD-EPI, < 90 mL/minute (n = 1878, 57.7%)	cCKD-EPI, < 90 mL/minute (n = 3112, 95.5%)
Age	70 (67-75)	71^a (68-77)	72^a (68-78)	71^a (68-77)	72^a (68-78)	70^a (67-75)
Male	1430 (43.9)	906 (43.8)	788^a (53.1)	1125^a (46.2)	855^a (45.5)	1428^a (45.9)
Hypertension	1740 (53.4)	1147^a (55.4)	848^a (57.8)	1349^a (55.4)	1074^a (57.2)	1674 (53.8)
Diabetes	639 (19.6)	374^a (18.1)	283 (19.3)	454^a (18.6)	351 (18.7)	599^a (19.2)
CHD	1050 (32.2)	703^a (34)	511^a (34.9)	838^a (34.4)	665^a (35.4)	1008 (32.4)
Stroke	612 (18.8)	394 (19)	285 (19.4)	458 (18.8)	355 (18.9)	588 (18.9)
Smoking	807 (24.8)	518 (25)	430^a (29.3)	606 (24.9)	475 (25.3)	805^a (25.9)
Alcoholic	556 (17.1)	334 (16.1)	236 (16.1)	409 (16.8)	303 (16.1)	537 (17.3)
BMI	24.4 (22.2-26.6)	24.4^a (22.4-26.8)	24.6^a (22.5-26.9)	24.4^a (22.3-26.7)	24.5^a (22.5-26.9)	24.4 (22.2-26.6)
TC	5.04 (4.41-5.73)	5.06^a (4.45-5.75)	5.02 (4.40-5.71)	5.04 (4.42-5.74)	5.04 (4.44-5.74)	5.03 (4.40-5.73)
LDL	3.09 (2.53-3.70)	3.11^a (2.57-3.72)	3.08 (2.55-3.68)	3.09 (2.55-3.71)	3.10 (2.56-3.71)	3.08 (2.53-3.69)
HDL	1.35 (1.13-1.61)	1.34 (1.13-1.61)	1.34 (1.11-1.62)	1.34 (1.13-1.62)	1.34 (1.12-1.63)	1.34 (1.13-1.61)
TG	1.38 (1.04-1.90)	1.35 (1.03-1.87)	1.36 (1.03-1.88)	1.36 (1.03-1.88)	1.36 (1.03-1.88)	1.38 (1.04-1.90)
WBC	5.66 (4.83-6.66)	5.74^a (4.92-6.72)	5.78^a (4.99-6.84)	5.7^a (4.87-6.71)	5.75^a (4.93-6.74)	5.66 (4.83-6.66)
Albumin	47 (45-49)	47^a (45-49)	47^a (45-48)	47^a (45-49)	47^a (45-48)	47 (45-49)
Uric acid	325 (275-380)	340^a (290-400)	355^a (301-416)	335^a (286-393)	343^a (292-403)	327^a (279-382)

^aP < 0.05 vs the subgroup with an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 90 mL/minute/1.73 m².

CHD: Coronary heart disease; BMI: Body mass index; TC: Total cholesterol; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; TG: Triglyceride; WBC: White blood cell count; MDRD: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; c-aMDRD: Chinese-abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; CKD-EPI: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; aCKD-EPI: Asian-adapted Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; cCKD-EPI: Chinese-adapted Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration.

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Table 2 Association between clinical outcomes and estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated with different equations, n (%)

Equation	Event	eGFR(mL/minute)			P value
Equation	Event	≥ 90	60-90	< 60	P value
MDRD	MACE	113 (9.5)	190 (10.5)	40 (15.9)¹	0.011
	Cardiovascular mortality	16 (1.3)	42 (2.3)	19 (7.6)¹	< 0.001
	All-cause mortality	54 (4.5)	95 (5.2)	53 (21.1)¹	< 0.001
	Event-free	1037 (87.3)	1575 (86.6)	177 (70.5)¹	< 0.001
c-aMDRD	MACE	170 (9.5)	137 (10.7)	36 (19.4)¹	< 0.001
	Cardiovascular mortality	32 (1.8)	27 (2.1)	18 (9.7)¹	< 0.001
	All-cause mortality	82 (4.6)	75 (5.9)	45 (24.2)¹	< 0.001
	Event-free	1571 (87.7)	1095 (85.5)	123 (66.1)¹	< 0.001
CKD-EPI	MACE	71 (8.6)	224 (10.7)	48 (14.4)¹	0.015
	Cardiovascular mortality	7 (0.9)²	46 (2.2)	24 (7.2)¹	< 0.001
	All-cause mortality	26 (3.2)²	111 (5.3)	65 (19.5)¹	< 0.001
	Event-free	731 (89)²	1814 (86.3)	244 (73.3)¹	< 0.001
aCKD-EPI	MACE	122 (8.8)²	180 (11.1)	41 (16.3)¹	0.001
	Cardiovascular mortality	12 (0.9)²	45 (2.8)	20 (7.9)¹	< 0.001
	All-cause mortality	45 (3.3)²	102 (6.3)	55 (21.8)¹	< 0.001
	Event-free	1224 (88.8)²	1389 (85.4)	176 (69.8)¹	< 0.001
cCKD-EPI	MACE	12 (8.3)	254 (9.9)	77 (14.3)¹	0.006
	Cardiovascular mortality	1 (0.7)	41 (1.6)	35 (6.5)¹	< 0.001
	All-cause mortality	6 (4.1)	109 (4.2)	87 (16.2)¹	< 0.001
	Event-free	128 (88.3)	2252 (87.5)	409 (76.0)¹	< 0.001

¹Significant difference between estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 and 60-90 (mL/minute).

²Significant difference between estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 90 and 60-90 (mL/minute).

MDRD: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; c-aMDRD: Chinese-abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; CKD-EPI: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; aCKD-EPI: Asian-adapted Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; cCKD-EPI: Chinese-adapted Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular events; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate.

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Table 3 Prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events by estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated with different equations

eGFR (mL/minute)
Equation	Cox	≥ 90	60-90	< 60
MDRD	Event	113/1188	190/1818	40/251
	HR	1.08	1	1.15
	95%CI	0.84-1.39		0.79-1.67
	P value	0.54		0.46
c-aMDRD	Event	170/1791	137/1280	36/186
	HR	1.18	1	1.59
	95%CI	0.92-1.51		1.06-2.38
	P value	0.18		0.026
CKD-EPI	Event	71/821	224/2103	48/333
	HR	1.21	1	0.87
	95%CI	0.89-1.65		0.62-1.24
	P value	0.21		0.45
aCKD-EPI	Event	122/1379	180/1626	41/252
	HR	1.14	1	1.12
	95%CI	0.87-1.48		0.77-1.62
	P value	0.34		0.55
cCKD-EPI	Event	12/145	254/2574	77/538
	HR	1.17	1	0.79
	95%CI	0.62-2.18		0.58-1.08
	P value	0.63		0.14

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Table 4 Assessment of the discrimination ability of different estimated glomerular filtration rate equations

	MACE		CV mortality		All-cause mortality		Event-free
	ΔAUC	P value	ΔAUC	P value	ΔAUC	P value	ΔAUC	P value
MDRD and c-aMDRD	-0.06	0.089	0.002	0.744	-0.004	0.372	-0.007	0.027
MDRD and CKD-EPI	-0.025	< 0.001	-0.059	< 0.001	-0.051	< 0.001	-0.032	< 0.001
MDRD and aCKD-EPI	-0.024	< 0.001	-0.059	< 0.001	-0.049	< 0.001	-0.030	< 0.001
MDRD and cCKD-EPI	-0.034	< 0.001	-0.057	< 0.001	-0.050	< 0.001	-0.041	< 0.001
c-aMDRD and CKD-EPI	-0.019	< 0.001	-0.061	< 0.001	-0.047	< 0.001	-0.025	< 0.001
c-aMDRD and aCKD-EPI	-0.018	0.001	-0.061	< 0.001	-0.046	< 0.001	-0.024	< 0.001
c-aMDRD and cCKD-EPI	-0.028	< 0.001	-0.059	< 0.001	-0.047	< 0.001	-0.035	< 0.001
CKD-EPI and aCKD-EPI	0.001	0.075	0.000	0.876	0.001	0.069	0.002	0.003
CKD-EPI and cCKD-EPI	-0.009	0.118	0.002	0.870	0.000	0.981	-0.009	0.067
aCKD-EPI and cCKD-EPI	-0.010	0.093	0.002	0.887	-0.001	0.885	-0.011	0.038

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Citation: Aili A, Li RY, Mohammed AA, Zhao S, Li MR, Li HN, Xu YW, Zhang Y. Prognostic value of glomerular-filtration-rate estimated by common and modified Asian/Chinese equations for cardiovascular outcomes in elderly Chinese individuals. World J Cardiol 2026; 18(6): 119376
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v18/i6/119376.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.119376

Aili A, Li RY, Mohammed AA, Zhao S, Li MR, Li HN, Xu YW, Zhang Y. Prognostic value of glomerular-filtration-rate estimated by common and modified Asian/Chinese equations for cardiovascular outcomes in elderly Chinese individuals. World J Cardiol 2026; 18(6): 119376 [DOI: 10.4330/wjc.119376]

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