S1PR1 knockdown protects endothelial cells from oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced injury via reducing interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α expression

doi:10.4330/wjc.v18.i5.120519

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May 26, 2026 (publication date) through May 20, 2026

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World Journal of Cardiology

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1949-8462

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Cardiol. May 26, 2026; 18(5): 120519
Published online May 26, 2026. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v18.i5.120519

Table 1 General clinical data analysis of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease group and control group, n (%)/mean ± SD/median (interquartile range)

Clinical data	CAHD (n = 71)	Control (n = 40)	χ²/t/U value	P value
Gender (male/female)	49/22	33/7	2.411	0.121
Age (years)	67.31 ± 1.30	57.03 ± 1.40	5.09	< 0.0001
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	134 (123, 147)	128 (123, 136)	1123	0.068
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	81 (74, 88)	80 (74, 85.75)	1325	0.561
Smoking history	35 (49.30)	9 (22.5)	7.678	0.006
Drinking history	36 (50.70)	12 (30)	4.469	0.035
FBG (mmol/L)	5.75 ± 0.32	4.69 ± 0.17	2.364	0.020
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.07 (4.46,5.07)	3.94 (3.16, 4.74)	723.5	< 0.0001
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	1.58 ± 0.09	1.53 ± 0.12	0.34	0.74
High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.17 (0.98, 1.33)	1.36 (1.2, 1.72)	812.5	0.0002
Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.90 ± 0.11	2.34 ± 0.11	3.43	0.0009
Apolipoprotein A1 (g/L)	1.18 ± 0.03	1.31 ± 0.04	2.53	0.013
Apolipoprotein B (g/L)	0.8 (0.66, 0.95)	0.72 (0.63, 0.78)	1037	0.012
Lipoprotein(a) (mg/L)	207 (110, 422)	118 (64.5, 254)	974	0.006
Alanine transaminase (U/L)	23 (15, 32)	18.5 (15, 30.5)	1249	0.29
G-glutamyl transferase (U/L)	26 (18, 39)	21.5 (17, 35.25)	1247	0.29
Uric acid (μmol/L)	345.3 ± 10.11	312.0 ± 15.76	2.114	0.037

Normally distributed continuous data are expressed as mean ± SD and compared using the independent samples t-test. Non-normally distributed continuous data are expressed as median (interquartile range) and compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical data are expressed as n (%) and compared using the χ² test. CAHD: Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease; FBG: Fasting blood glucose.

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Table 2 General clinical data analysis of low score group and high score group, n (%)/mean ± SD/median (interquartile range)

Clinical data	Low score (n = 48)	High score (n = 23)	χ²/t/U value	P value
Gender (male/female)	33/15	16/7	0.005	0.945
Age (years)	66.46 ± 1.64	69.03 ± 2.08	0.947	0.347
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	134 (123, 150)	135 (124, 145)	540.5	0.893
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	83.5 (75, 88)	77 (71, 86)	425.0	0.120
Smoking history	20 (41.6)	15 (65.22)	3.450	0.063
Drinking history	23 (47.92)	13 (56.52)	0.461	0.497
FBG (mmol/L)	5.51 ± 0.35	6.24 ± 0.68	1.050	0.298
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.72 ± 0.14	5.30 ± 0.24	2.29	0.028
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	1.53 ± 0.10	1.69 ± 0.17	0.89	0.380
High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.26 (1.04, 1.45)	1.16 (0.98, 1.31)	446.0	0.195
Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.88 ± 0.11	2.97 ± 0.14	0.49	0.630
Apolipoprotein A1 (g/L)	1.22 ± 0.05	1.16 ± 0.04	0.88	0.383
Apolipoprotein B (g/L)	0.84 ± 0.04	0.81 ± 0.06	0.37	0.712
Lipoprotein(a) (mg/L)	183 (100, 329)	309 (147, 608)	391	0.049
Alanine transaminase (U/L)	23.5 (16.25, 32)	20 (13, 35)	492	0.460
G-glutamyl transferase (U/L)	26 (18, 38.5)	26 (17, 41)	542.5	0.912
Uric acid (μmol/L)	342.0 ± 11.98	352.2 ± 19.02	0.470	0.640

FBG: Fasting blood glucose.

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Table 3 Cytokine expressions in the coronary atherosclerotic heart disease group and control group, median (interquartile range)

Cytokine (pg/mL)	CAHD (n = 71)	Control (n = 40)	U value	P value
IL-1β	2.81 (0.60,4.68)	0.77 (0.12,1.04)	638.5	< 0.0001
IL-2	1.91 (0.68, 4.03)	2.71 (1.63, 3.48)	1137.0	0.08
IL-4	2.87 (0.39, 5.24)	7.89 (6.36, 9.71)	428.0	< 0.0001
IL-5	0.86 (0.09, 1.68)	5.28 (4.08, 6.51)	209.0	< 0.0001
IL-6	16.78 (8.56, 24.09)	12.69 (10.59, 15.46)	1125.0	0.07
IL-8	9.79 (5.31, 26.87)	24.32 (16.59, 32.41)	757.0	< 0.0001
IL-10	3.08 (1.8, 4.38)	6.12 (5.09, 7.33)	440.0	< 0.0001
IL-12	0.59 (0.08, 1.46)	2.79 (1.33, 4.02)	581.0	< 0.0001
IL-17	3.8 (1.76, 6.85)	9.89 (8.0, 12.61)	424.5	< 0.0001
TNF-α	4.12 (3.23, 5.26)	2.91 (2.47, 3.65)	678.5	< 0.0001
Interferon-α	0.3 (0.06, 0.89)	2.09 (1.68, 3.10)	383.0	< 0.0001
Interferon-γ	3.16 (1.79, 5.48)	10.23 (9.61, 12.78)	190.0	< 0.0001

CAHD: Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease; IL: Interleukin.

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Table 4 Diagnostic value of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and their combination in coronary atherosclerotic heart disease

	Area under the curve	SEN (%)	SPE (%)	AC (%)	PPV (%)	NPV (%)
S1PR1	0.779	73.2	75	73.87	73.24	75
IL-1β	0.775	66.2	80	71.17	66.20	80
TNF-α	0.761	74.6	70	72.97	74.65	70
S1PR1 + IL-1β + TNF-α	0.892	84.5	80	82.88	84.51	80

S1PR1: Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1; IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; SEN: Sensitivity; SPE: Specificity; AC: Diagnostic accuracy; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value.

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Citation: Chu FY, Yao MH, Gu LM, Cai H, Li YN, Chen X, Xu XX. S1PR1 knockdown protects endothelial cells from oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced injury via reducing interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α expression. World J Cardiol 2026; 18(5): 120519
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v18/i5/120519.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v18.i5.120519

Chu FY, Yao MH, Gu LM, Cai H, Li YN, Chen X, Xu XX. S1PR1 knockdown protects endothelial cells from oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced injury via reducing interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α expression. World J Cardiol 2026; 18(5): 120519 [DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v18.i5.120519]

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