Pulmonary hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: Correlation with disease severity and quality of life

Table 1 Pulmonary hypertension prevalence and severity

OSA	Absent	Mild	Moderate	Severe	Grand total
Mild	23	7	0	0	30
Moderate	5	8	1	0	14
Severe	4	53	8	4	69
Grand total	32	68	9	4	113

χ² = 53.447 with 6 degrees of freedom; P = 0.000. OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea.

Table 2 Stratification of pulmonary hemodynamic parameters on echocardiography by gender

Parameter	Gender	n	Mean	SD	SE
RVSP (mmHg)	Male	82	39.4	19.449	2.148
	Female	31	34.1	18.474	3.318
MPAP (mmHg)	Male	82	27.766	12.1859	1.3457
	Female	31	24.642	12.0247	2.1597
TAPSE (mm)	Male	82	21.41	3.489	0.385
	Female	31	21.35	3.469	0.623
TR VEL (m/s)	Male	82	2.5938	0.95492	0.10545
	Female	31	2.2439	0.94023	0.16887

RVSP: Right ventricular systolic pressure; MPAP: Mean pulmonary artery pressure; TAPSE: Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR VEL: Tricuspid regurgitation velocity.

Table 3 Comparison of right ventricular systolic pressure across age groups

Age group (year)	n	Mean	SD	SE
≤ 40	22	40.77	21.213	4.523
41-60	66	38.24	19.551	2.407
≥ 61	25	34.68	16.792	3.358
Total	113	37.95	19.252	1.811

Table 4 Correlation between pulmonary hypertension parameters and obstructive sleep apnea severity indices

Variable	Correlated parameter	r value1	P value	Direction
RVSP	AHI	0.677	< 0.001	Positive
	ODI	0.543	< 0.001	Positive
	Min SpO2	-0.423	< 0.001	Negative
MPAP	AHI	0.695	< 0.001	Positive
	ODI	0.559	< 0.001	Positive
	Min SpO2	-0.424	< 0.001	Negative
TAPSE	AHI	-0.565	< 0.001	Negative
	ODI	-0.498	< 0.001	Negative
	Min SpO2	0.432	< 0.001	Positive

¹Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

RVSP: Right ventricular systolic pressure; MPAP: Mean pulmonary artery pressure; TAPSE: Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; AHI: Apnea-hypopnea index; ODI: Oxygen desaturation index; MinSpO₂: Minimum oxygen saturation.

Table 5 Correlation between pulmonary hemodynamic parameters on echocardiography and World Health Organisation Quality of Life Brief Version domains

Variable	Domain (WHOQOL-BREF)	r value1	P value	Direction
RVSP	Physical health	-0.407	< 0.001	Negative
	Psychological	-0.325	< 0.001	Negative
	Social relationships	-0.387	< 0.001	Negative
MPAP	Physical health	-0.471	< 0.001	Negative
	Psychological	-0.384	< 0.001	Negative
	Social relationships	-0.431	< 0.001	Negative
	Environment	-0.271	0.004	Negative
TAPSE	Physical health	0.379	< 0.001	Positive
	Psychological	0.298	0.001	Positive
	Social relationships	0.427	< 0.001	Positive

¹Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

RVSP: Right ventricular systolic pressure; MPAP: Mean pulmonary artery pressure; TAPSE: Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; WHOQOL-BREF- World Health Organisation Quality of life Brief Version.