Correlation of APOE, SLCO1B1 and LPA KIV-2 gene polymorphisms with coronary heart disease in the Teochew population

doi:10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.110278

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Sep 26, 2025 (publication date) through Sep 17, 2025

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World Journal of Cardiology

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1949-8462

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Cardiol. Sep 26, 2025; 17(9): 110278
Published online Sep 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.110278

Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics between the coronary heart disease and control groups, n (%)

	CHD group (n = 324)	Control group (n = 143)	P value
Clinical data
Male	239 (73.77)	78 (54.55)	< 0.001
Age, years	64.93 ± 11.58	57.27 ± 13.74	< 0.001
BMI, kg/m²	23.21 ± 3.06	23.56 ± 3.89	0.746
Comorbidities
Hypertension	187 (57.72)	43 (30.07)	< 0.001
Diabetes	104 (32.10)	15 (10.49)	< 0.001
History of smoking	114 (35.19)	27 (18.88)	< 0.001
History of drinking	21 (6.48)	5 (3.50)	0.273
Laboratory data
TG, mmol/L	1.40 (0.89)	1.26 (0.72)	0.024
TC, mmol/L	4.69 (1.63)	4.87 (1.40)	0.580
HCY, μmol/L	11.87 (5.93)	9.82 (3.04)	< 0.001
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.07 (0.37)	1.19 (0.40)	< 0.001
LDL-C, mmol/L	2.95 (1.42)	2.87 (1.17)	0.422
ApoA1, g/L	1.05 (0.25)	1.16 (0.30)	< 0.001
ApoB, g/L	0.85 (0.35)	0.83 (0.30)	0.298
Lp(a), mg/L	122.50 (266.13)	100.2 (168.00)	0.007
ApoE, mg/L	38.65 (14.40)	38.95 (15.00)	0.627

BMI: Body mass index; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; HCY: Homocysteine; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoA1: Apolipoprotein A1; ApoB: Apolipoprotein B; ApoE: Apolipoprotein E; Lp(a): Lipoprotein(a); CHD: Coronary heart disease.

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Table 2 Genotypes and alleles distribution of APOE gene in the coronary heart disease group and control group, n (%)

Genotype	CHD group (n = 324)	Control group (n = 143)	Total (n = 467)	P value
ε2/ε2	6 (1.85)	2 (1.40)	8 (1.71)	1.000
ε2/ε3	36 (11.11)	31 (21.68)	67 (14.35)	0.003
ε2/ε4	4 (1.23)	3 (2.10)	7 (1.50)	0.442
ε3/ε3	226 (69.75)	90 (62.94)	316 (67.67)	0.147
ε3/ε4	49 (15.12)	16 (11.19)	65 (13.92)	0.258
ε4/ε4	3 (0.93)	1 (0.70)	4 (0.86)	1.000
Allele	CHD group (n = 648)	Control group (n = 286)	Total (n = 934)
ε2	52 (8.02)	38 (13.29)	90 (9.64)	0.012
ε3	537 (82.87)	227 (79.37)	764 (81.80)	0.201
ε4	59 (9.10)	21 (7.34)	80 (8.57)	0.375

CHD: Coronary heart disease.

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Table 3 Genotypes and alleles distribution of SLCO1B1 gene in the coronary heart disease group and control groups, n (%)

Genotype	CHD group (n = 324)	Control group (n = 143)	Total (n = 467)	P value
1a/1a	26 (8.02)	11 (7.69)	37 (7.92)	0.902
1a/1b	104 (32.10)	45 (31.47)	149 (31.91)	0.893
1b/1b	119 (36.72)	61 (42.66)	180 (38.54)	0.225
1a/5	1 (0.31)	1 (0.70)	2 (0.43)	0.519
1a/15	16 (4.94)	5 (3.50)	21 (4.50)	0.488
1b/15	55 (16.98)	20 (13.99)	75 (16.06)	0.417
5/5	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	NA
5/15	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	NA
15/15	3 (0.93)	0 (0)	3 (0.64)	0.556
Allele	CHD group (n = 648)	Control group (n = 286)	Total (n = 934)
*1a	173 (26.69)	73 (25.52)	246 (26.34)	0.640
*1b	397 (61.17)	187 (65.38)	584 (62.53)	0.231
*5	1 (0.15)	1 (0.35)	2 (0.21)	0.520
*15	77 (11.83)	25 (8.74)	102 (10.92)	0.156

CHD: Coronary heart disease.

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Table 4 Comparison of blood lipid levels among APOE genes

	E2 (n = 42)	E3 (n = 226)	E4 (n = 52)	P value
TG, mmol/L	1.62 ± 0.89	1.59 ± 1.10	2.09 ± 0.73^a	0.022
TC, mmol/L	4.57 ± 1.22	4.72 ± 1.26	5.47 ± 1.70^a^,^b	0.001
HCY, μmol/L	14.24 ± 6.73	13.33 ± 8.24	14.82 ± 8.77	0.442
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.09 ± 0.30	1.11 ± 0.29	1.08 ± 0.25	0.792
LDL-C, mmol/L	2.69 ± 0.98	2.95 ± 1.06	3.54 ± 1.36^a^,^b	< 0.001
ApoA1, g/L	1.05 ± 0.21	1.11 ± 0.62	1.06 ± 0.21	0.730
ApoB, g/L	0.79 ± 0.28	0.86 ± 0.36	1.00 ± 0.33^a^,^b	0.009
LP(a), mg/L	214.55 ± 290.31	275.79 ± 321.48	259.50 ± 331.44	0.517
ApoE, mg/L	46.69 ± 15.84	39.86 ± 14.11	45.43 ± 26.79	0.013

^aP < 0.05 vs E3 group.

^bP < 0.05 vs E2 group.

E2: Ε2/ε2 plus ε2/ε3; E3: Ε3/ε3; E4: Ε3/ε4 plus ε4/ε4. TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; HCY: Homocysteine; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoA1: Apolipoprotein A1; ApoB: Apolipoprotein B; ApoE: Apolipoprotein E; Lp(a): Lipoprotein(a).

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Table 5 Comparison of blood lipid levels among SLCO1B1 genes

	Extensive metabolizer I (n = 249)	Intermediate metabolizer II (n = 72)	P value
TG, mmol/L	1.65 ± 1.20	1.66 ± 1.05	0.992
TC, mmol/L	4.88 ± 1.22	4.56 ± 1.08	0.119
HCY, μmol/L	13.73 ± 8.54	13.61 ± 6.54	0.801
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.10 ± 0.29	1.11 ± 0.29	0.778
LDL-C, mmol/L	3.08 ± 1.16	2.69 ± 0.91	0.016
ApoA1, g/L	1.09 ± 0.59	1.09 ± 0.21	0.256
ApoB, g/L	0.89 ± 0.37	0.79 ± 0.25	0.045
LP(a), mg/L	248.62 ± 300.96	323.28 ± 379.60	0.306
ApoE, mg/L	42.03 ± 18.17	39.96 ± 12.88	0.419

Extensive metabolizer I: *1a/*1a,*1a/*1b,*1b/*1b; Intermediate metabolizer II: *1a/*5,*1a/*15,*1b/*15. TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; HCY: Homocysteine; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoA1: Apolipoprotein A1; ApoB: Apolipoprotein B; ApoE: Apolipoprotein E; Lp(a): Lipoprotein(a).

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Table 6 Logistic regression analysis of coronary heart disease risk in Teochew populations

Variables	Unadjusted values		Adjusted values
Variables	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Male	2.343 (1.552-3.537)	< 0.001	2.559 (1.395-4.692)	0.002
Age, years	1.050 (1.032-1.067)	< 0.001	1.063 (1.040-1.085)	< 0.001
Hypertension	3.174 (2.086-4.831)	< 0.001	2.358 (1.420-3.917)	0.001
Diabetes	4.034 (2.251-7.230)	< 0.001	3.609 (1.813-7.184)	< 0.001
History of smoking	2.332 (1.448-3.757)	< 0.001	2.042 (1.092-3.818)	0.025
TG, mmol/L	1.581 (1.009-2.447)	0.046	1.526 (0.855-2.725)	0.153
HCY, μmol/L	3.282 (1.824-5.906)	< 0.001	1.888 (0.933-3.819)	0.077
HDL-C, mmol/L	0.363 (0.227-0.581)	< 0.001	0.577 (0.308-1.083)	0.087
ApoA1, g/L	2.320 (1.517-3.548)	< 0.001	1.402 (0.793-2.478)	0.245
LP(a), mg/L	2.358 (1.371-4.056)	0.002	1.577 (0.742-3.350)	0.236
Genotype
E2	0.507 (0.302-0.850)	0.010	0.395 (0.209-0.745)	0.004
E4	1.218 (0.669-2.219)	0.519	1.028 (0.500-2.110)	0.941
SLCO1B1	1.355 (0.824-2.229)	0.231	1.666 (0.896-3.096)	0.107
KIV	0.954 (0.933-0.976)	< 0.001	0.949 (0.919-0.979)	0.001

E2 (ε2/ε2, ε2/ε3), reference genotype: Ε3/ε3; E4 (ε4/ε4, ε3/ε4), reference genotype: Ε3/ε3; SLCO1B1(*1a/*5 plus *1a/*15 plus *1b/*15 plus*15/*15), reference genotype: *1a/*1a plus *1a/*1b plus*1b/*1b. TG: Triglycerides; HCY: Homocysteine; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoA1: Apolipoprotein A1; Lp(a): Lipoprotein(a).

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Citation: Xu JX, Wu Y, Zhang L, Wu YH, Li CL, Lin F. Correlation of APOE, SLCO1B1 and LPA KIV-2 gene polymorphisms with coronary heart disease in the Teochew population. World J Cardiol 2025; 17(9): 110278
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v17/i9/110278.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.110278