Ivabradine in the treatment of congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia: A systematic review

Table 1 Study characteristics of included studies

Ref.	Year of publication	Journal	Study design	No. of patients and gender	Age
Upreti et al[16]	2023	Nepalese Heart Journal	Case report	N = 1; male	6 months
Devaprasath et al[9]	2022	Annals of Pediatric Cardiology	Case report	N = 1; female	34 weeks of gestation, Preterm neonate
Asfour et al[10]	2021	The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics	Case report	N = 1; male	31 weeks of gestation, preterm neonate; age of 19 days, tachycardia developed
Di Marco et al[8]	2021	Pediatric Reports	Case report	N = 1; female	1 year
Ríos et al[17]	2020	Medicine	Case series	N = 2; male	36 week of gestation (preterm neonate), 12 days old
Michel et al[15]	2020	Frontiers in Pediatrics	Case report	N = 1; female	1 year
Kothari et al[13]	2018	Annals of Pediatric Cardiology	Case series	N = 2; 1 female, 1 male	2 months, 2 years old
Ergul et al[18]	2018	Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology	Case series	N = 3; 2 m ale, 1 female	52 days to 10 months
Dieks et al[7]	2016	Heart Rhythm	Cohort	N = 5; 3 female, 2 male	10 days to 3 years 6 months
Alghamdi et al[21]	2012	Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology	Case report	N = 1; female	3 years

Table 2 Quality assessment results of included studies using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools

Ref.	Quality assessment results
Upreti et al[16]	High
Devaprasath et al[9]	High
Asfour et al[10]	High
Di Marco et al[8]	Medium
Ríos et al[17]	High
Michel et al[15]	High
Kothari et al[13]	High
Ergul et al[18]	High
Dieks et al[7]	High
Alghamdi et al[21]	Medium

Table 3 Summary of the main findings of included studies

Ref.	Antiarrhythmic medication before ivabradine	Treatment with ivabradine (Dose)	Antiarrhythmic medication with ivabradine	Outcomes of treatment with ivabradine	Adverse effects following ivabradine administration	Recurrence
Upreti et al[16]	Adenosine, amiodarone	0.1 mg/kg/dose twice a day	Amiodorane, monotherapy at discharge	SR, HR control	None	_
Devaprasath et al[9]	Adenosine	0.1 mg/kg/dose twice a day	None	SR, HR control, JR intermittent	None	Not noticed within 2 weeks of follow up
Asfour et al[10]	Propranolol, amiodarone	0.05 mg/kg/dose twice a day, decreased to 0.04 mg/kg/dose twice a day, at discharge 008 mg/kg/d	Propranolol, amiodorane; monotherapy at 2nd week	SR, HR control	Bradycardia prior to monotherapy	Not noticed within 6 months of follow up
Di Marco et al[8]	Amiodarone, flecainide, propranolol	0.25 mg/kg/day (with propranolol, amydarone), 0.3 mg/kg/day (with flecainide)	Propranolol, amiodorane, flecainide	HR control, SR (with flecainide)	None	_
Ríos et al[17]	Amiodarone, propranolol, n = 2; flecainide, n = 1	0.05 mg/kg/dose, at discharge 0.1 mg/kg/day	Amiodorane, propranolol (discontinued later)	SR/JR, HR control	None	_
Michel et al[15]	Adenosine, Flecainide, Amiodarone, Esmolol	0.025 mg/kg/dose twice a day, increased to 0.05 mg/kg/dose	Esmolol (discontinued later), metprolol	HR control, SR/EAR	None	_
Kothari et al[13]	Amiodarone, flecainide, n = 2; propranolol, enalapril, metoprolol, n = 1	0.05 mg/kg/dose twice a day	Amiodarone, flecainide, n = 2; propranolol, enalapril, metaprolol, n = 1	SR, HR control	None	_
Ergul et al[18]	Flecainide, amiodarone, digoxin, n = 1; Flecainide, amiodarone, propranolol, n = 2	0.1 mg/kg/day	Amiodarone, n = 1; Amiodarone, propranolol, flecainide, n = 2	HR control, n = 3; SR control, n = 2; JR/SR control, n = 1	None	_
Dieks et al[7]	Amiodarone, n = 5; flecainide, n = 1; digoxin, n = 2	0.05-0.1 mg/kg/dose increased to 0.28 mg/kg/dose	Amidarone, n = 5; propranolol, amidarone, n = 2; digoxin, amiodarone, n = 1	HR control, n = 5; SR, n = 2; JR/JET, n = 1; JR/SR, n = 1	None	_
Alghamdi et al[21]	Flecainide, sotalol, procainamide, amiodarone	2.5 mg once daily	None	SR, HR control	None	_

JR: Junctional rhythm; SR: Sinus rhythm; HR: Heart rate; JET: Junctional ectopic tachycardia; EAR: Ectopic atrial rhythm.