Comparative analysis of general anesthesia and ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block in subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator perioperative care

Table 1 Baseline data of 64 patients with subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation

Items	General anesthesia group	Ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block group	χ2	P value
Number of cases	20	44	-	-
Male [n (%)]	15 (75.00)	35 (79.55)	0.150	0.698
Age (years, mean ± SD)	50.25 ± 11.80	56.80 ± 15.30	-1.850	0.065
BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)	27.20 ± 4.20	26.30 ± 4.00	0.850	0.395
LVEF (%, mean ± SD)	56.20 ± 11.50	39.20 ± 12.00	5.120	< 0.001
ASA score [point, n (%)]			-1.550	0.121
2	3 (15.00)	15 (34.09)
3	17 (85.00)	29 (65.91)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus [n (%)]	3 (15.00)	10 (22.73)	0.600	0.438
Hypertension [n (%)]	11 (55.00)	22 (50.00)	0.200	0.655
Aspartate aminotransferase [U/L, M (P25, P75)]	19.20 (14.50, 24.00)	24.50 (19.00, 35.50)	-2.100	0.036
Alanine aminotransferase [U/L, M (P25, P75)]	19.50 (12.00, 28.00)	23.50 (15.00, 36.00)	-1.300	0.193
Creatinine [μmol/L, M (P25, P75)]	73.00 (61.00, 93.00)	79.00 (63.00, 94.00)	-0.550	0.582
Indication
Class I	12 (60.00)	25 (56.82)	0.100	0.752
Class IIa	8 (40.00)	19 (43.18)

BMI: Body mass index; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; ASA: American society of anesthesiologists.

Table 2 Comparison of peri-operative safety between general anesthesia group and ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block group (mean ± SD)

Items	General anesthesia group	Ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block group	t value	P value
Number of cases	20	44
NRS (points)
Immediately after operation	1.82 ± 0.31	1.77 ± 0.33	0.682	0.501
1 hour after operation	1.72 ± 0.36	1.62 ± 0.39	1.085	0.281
6 hours after operation	1.62 ± 0.41	1.17 ± 0.56	3.883	< 0.001
12 hours after operation	1.02 ± 0.56	0.52 ± 0.46	3.387	0.001
24 hours after operation	0.72 ± 0.61	0.22 ± 0.36	4.285	< 0.001
48 hours after operation	0.42 ± 0.51	0.12 ± 0.26	3.187	0.002
72 hours after operation	0.16 ± 0.41	0 ± 0	2.183	0.033
Total hospital stays (day)	12.03 ± 4.03	7.53 ± 3.03	4.885	< 0.001
Average post operative hospital stays (day)	4.03 ± 2.03	2.33 ± 1.23	4.185	< 0.001
Operation time (minutes)	65.54 ± 15.25	45.09 ± 10.59	5.885	< 0.01
Time to first analgesia after operation (hour)	8.03 ± 1.83	22.03 ± 15.03	-3.585	0.001
Usage rate of analgesics (%)	43.75	7.89	9.59	0.02

NRS: Numeric rating scale.