Effect of trabeculated myocardial mass on left ventricle global and regional functions in noncompaction cardiomyopathy

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population

Clinical characteristics	mean ± SD, n (%)
Age in yr	31.09 ± 10.22
Male gender, n (%)	37 (56.9)
Syncope	5 (7.7)
Arrhytmia	2 (3.1)
Embolic events	1 (1.5)
CHF	0
Asymptomatic	57 (87.7)

CHF: Chronic heart failure; SD: Standard deviation.

Table 2 The highest values of the trabeculation ratio for apical, midventricular, basal regions, and global left ventricle and the distribution of the total number of trabeculated segments

	Min-Max	Media	mean ± SD
Highest ratio
Apical, global	0.4-9.0	3.6	3.9 ± 1.4
Midventricular	1.7-6.5	3.2	3.3 ± 0.9
Basal	2.0-4.0	2.6	2.7 ± 0.6
Number of segments
Total	0.0-11.0	7.0	6.3 ± 2.2
Apical total	0.0-4.0	3.0	3.2 ± 1.0
Mid total	0.0-5.0	3.0	2.8 ± 1.4
Basal total	0.0-3.0	0.0	0.4 ± 0.9

In cardiac magnetic resonance short axis images, the highest trabeculation ratio was observed in the apical region in the measurements made according to Simpson method. Similarly, the number of trabeculated segments s observed more prominently in the apical and midventricular regions. SD: Standard deviation.

Table 3 Segmental distribution of trabeculations in the apical, midventricular, and basal regions of the left ventricle

	n	%
Apical
Septal	31	47.0
Anterior	56	84.8
Lateral	62	93.9
Inferior	59	89.4
Midventricular
Anterior	42	63.6
Anterolateral	52	78.8
Inferolateral	49	74.2
Inferior	30	45.5
Inferoseptal	7	10.6
Anteroseptal	3	4.5
Basal
Anterior	7	10.6
Anterolateral	10	15.2
Inferolateral	7	10.6
Inferior	2	3.0
Inferoseptal	0	0.0
Anteroseptal	1	1.5

P < 0.01 Mc Nemar test. Trabeculations were commonly observed in the apical-lateral segment, and there were no patients with a noncompacted/compacted myocardial ratio above 2.3 in the basal-inferoseptal segment.

Table 4 Comparison of highest trabeculation ratio and ejection fraction in global and regional left ventricular function

		Highest trabeculation ratio
		Apical	Midventricular	Basal
Global EF	r	0.072	-0.054	-0.128
	P value	0.573	0.687	0.707
Apical EF	r	0.028
	P value	0.825
Midventricular EF	r		-0.022
	P value		0.873
Basal EF	r			-0.91
	P value			0.789

There was no correlation between global ejection fraction (EF) and highest trabeculation ratios of apical, midventricular, and basal regions (P > 0.05). There was no correlation between apical EF and apical highest ratio, between midventricular EF and midventricular highest ratio, or between basal EF and basal highest ratio (P > 0.05).

Table 5 Comparison of global and regional (apical, midventricular, and basal) number of trabeculated segments and ejection fraction in left ventricular function

			Number of segments
		Total	Apical	Midventricular	Basal
Global EF	r	0.075	-0.034	0.146	-0.169
	P value	0.555		0.246	0.179
Apical EF	r	0.120	0.048
	P value	0.340	0.704
Midventricular EF	r	0.173		0.225
	P value	0.168		0.072
Basal EF	r	0.083			-0.229
	P value	0.510			0.066

It was observed that the number of trabeculated segments had no significant effect on regional and global left ventricular functions. There was no correlation between global ejection fraction (EF) and total number of trabeculated segments at apical, midventricular, and basal regions (P > 0.05). There was no correlation between apical EF and apical segment number, midventricular EF and midventricular segment number, or basal EF and basal segment number (P > 0.05).