Cardiovascular outcomes of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in heart failure and coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis

Figure 1 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses diagram representing breakdown of studies screened and included in the review. PICO: Population intervention comparison outcome. ¹Consider, if feasible to do so, reporting the number of records identified from each database or register searched (rather than the total number across all databases/registers). ²If automation tools were used, indicate how many records were excluded by a human and how many were excluded by automation tools.

Figure 2  Risk of bias.

Figure 3 Forest plot comparison of risk of hospitalization for heart failure, composite risk of hospitalization for heart failure cardiovascular death, and time-to-first hospitalization for heart failure. A: Forest plot comparison of risk of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF); B: Forest plot comparison of composite risk of HHF and cardiovascular death; C: Forest plot comparison of time-to-first HHF. SGLT-2: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2.

Figure 4 Forest plot comparison of cardiovascular death, all-cause mortality, adverse events, and drug discontinuation. A: Forest plot comparison of cardiovascular death; B: Forest plot comparison of all-cause mortality; C: Forest plot comparison of adverse events; D: Forest plot comparison of drug discontinuation. SGLT-2: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2.

Figure 5 Forest plot comparison of volume depletion, renal adverse events, and major hypoglycemia events. A: Forest plot comparison of volume depletion; B: Forest plot comparison of renal adverse events; C: Forest plot comparison of major hypoglycemia events. SGLT-2: Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2.