Review
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World J Cardiol. Nov 26, 2023; 15(11): 553-570
Published online Nov 26, 2023. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v15.i11.553
Cardiovascular implications of inflammatory bowel disease: An updated review
Arshia Bhardwaj, Arshdeep Singh, Vandana Midha, Ajit Sood, Gurpreet Singh Wander, Bishav Mohan, Akash Batta
Arshia Bhardwaj, Arshdeep Singh, Ajit Sood, Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Punjab, Ludhiana 141001, India
Vandana Midha, Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Punjab, Ludhiana 141001, India
Gurpreet Singh Wander, Bishav Mohan, Akash Batta, Department of Cardiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Punjab, Ludhiana 141001, India
Author contributions: Bhardwaj A writing the article; Singh A writing the article, analysis and interpretation, critical revision of the article; Midha V critical revision of the article, supervision; Sood A critical revision of the article, supervision; Wander GS critical revision of the article, supervision; Mohan B critical revision of the article, supervision; Batta A conception and design, critical revision of the article, final approval of the article.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Akash Batta, Doctor, FACC, MBBS, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Tagore Nagar, Civil Lines, Punjab, Ludhiana 141001, India. akashbatta02@gmail.com
Received: October 8, 2023
Peer-review started: October 8, 2023
First decision: October 17, 2023
Revised: October 22, 2023
Accepted: November 8, 2023
Article in press: November 8, 2023
Published online: November 26, 2023
Processing time: 45 Days and 15.3 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: A substantial association has been established between cardiovascular disorders (CVD) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), with a notably higher prevalence of CVD in IBD patients compared to the general population. Potential mechanisms underlying CVD in IBD involve chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, altered platelet function, endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, gut dysbiosis, and drug-related side effects. This review comprehensively synthesizes the latest evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and cardiovascular manifestations in IBD.