Peer-review started: January 8, 2018
First decision: January 23, 2018
Revised: January 23, 2018
Accepted: February 5, 2018
Article in press: February 5, 2018
Published online: February 26, 2018
Processing time: 49 Days and 17 Hours
The red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a simple, rapid, inexpensive and straightforward hematological parameter, reflecting the degree of anisocytosis in vivo. The currently available scientific evidence suggests that RDW assessment not only predicts the risk of adverse outcomes (cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, hospitalization for acute decompensation or worsened left ventricular function) in patients with acute and chronic heart failure (HF), but is also a significant and independent predictor of developing HF in patients free of this condition. Regarding the biological interplay between impaired hematopoiesis and cardiac dysfunction, many of the different conditions associated with increased heterogeneity of erythrocyte volume (i.e., ageing, inflammation, oxidative stress, nutritional deficiencies and impaired renal function), may be concomitantly present in patients with HF, whilst anisocytosis may also directly contribute to the development and worsening of HF. In conclusion, the longitudinal assessment of RDW changes over time may be considered an efficient measure to help predicting the risk of both development and progression of HF.
Core tip: The red blood cell distribution width is a simple, rapid, inexpensive and straightforward hematological parameter, reliably reflecting the degree of anisocytosis in vivo. The current epidemiological and biological evidence suggests that longitudinal assessment of red blood cell distribution width over time may be considered an efficient measure to help predicting the risk of both development and progression of heart failure.