Influenza A virus (IAV) is a significant zoonotic pathogen that poses a considerable challenge to public health due to its continuous mutations. Lipid droplets (LDs) have been shown to play an important role in the process of several viral infections. However, their role in IAV infection remains unclear. Here, we found that IAV infection altered the lipid metabolism and increased the content of LDs in the lungs of mice. In vitro, IAV infection also mediated the formation of LDs in A549 cells. Besides, inhibition of the formation of lipid droplets can significantly suppress IAV replication and the release of inflammatory factors, indicating that LDs could facilitate the virus replication and inflammatory response. Furthermore, we discovered that IAV infection could activate the SREBP2, a crucial lipid-regulating transcription factor that regulates the expressions of downstream proteins named HMGCR and HMGCS. HMGCR and HMGCS involved in the process of cholesterol synthesis, which further promoted the formation of LDs. Additionally, the use of fatostatin that specifically inhibits the maturation of SREBP2 was able to significantly suppress the viral replication of H5N1 in cells and effectively ameliorated IAV-induced lung injury in mice, which eventually promoted the survival rate of infected mice. Taken together, we demonstrate the essential roles of lipid metabolism and LD formation in IAV replication and pathogenesis, which may better facilitate the advancement of new strategies against IAV infection, especially the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus.

Clinical trials have shown that adding evolocumab to statin therapy reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels by approximately 60%. Given differences in patient characteristics and standards of care between trial and real-world settings, we conducted a cohort study to evaluate the LDL-C reduction achieved with evolocumab in clinical practice of China.

The data source was the Tianjin Regional Healthcare Database (TRHD), which includes linked electronic health records (EHR) of public hospitals serving over 15 million residents in the Tianjin metropolitan area. The study cohort included adult patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) who added evolocumab to their statin therapy between 2019 and 2023. Key inclusion criteria were use of the same statin intensity before and after evolocumab initiation and available LDL-C values at baseline (within 90 days before initiation) and follow-up (15-90 days after initiation). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze LDL-C change between baseline and follow-up. To provide the context for evolocumab use and for study method assessment, we included another cohort of patients with stable statin intensity (unchanged for at least 180 days)-a cohort with minimal clinical expectation of further LDL-C change over time.

At baseline, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) LDL-C level was 3.44 (2.73-4.15) mmol/L in the evolocumab cohort (n = 395) and 2.20 (1.72-2.92) mmol/L in the stable statin cohort (n = 4160). At follow-up, the mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) percentage reduction in LDL-C levels was 63.0% (60.5-65.5%) in the evolocumab cohort and 2.5% (0.3-4.7%) in the stable statin cohort.

LDL-C reductions in patients who added evolocumab to statin therapy in real-world clinical practice in China align with reductions observed in clinical trials.

Gene polymorphisms play a critical role in the variability of plasma concentrations of direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of genetic variants on the clinical outcomes of Chinese patients treated with DOACs.

The retrospective study recruited 720 patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who were receiving dabigatran, rivaroxaban or edoxaban. Cox regression models were employed to compare the clinical outcomes between carriers and noncarriers of the key single nucleotide polymorphisms.

Results revealed that the CES1 rs2244613 C allele significantly reduced bleeding events in patients treated with dabigatran (adjusted hazard ratio 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.13-0.85, P = .021). The carriage of ABCB1 rs1045642 T allele was associated with a lower risk of thromboembolism in rivaroxaban users (adjusted hazard ratio 0.19, 95% confidence interval 0.07-0.57, P = .003). Additionally, a trend toward statistical significance (P = .052) was observed between the SLCO1B1 rs4149056 C allele and bleeding risk among the edoxaban users.

Our study showed that the CES1 rs2244613 and ABCB1 rs1045642 alleles were associated with outcome events in Chinese patients taking dabigatran and rivaroxaban, respectively. The findings could help predict clinical outcomes and develop personalized anticoagulation treatment strategies for Chinese patients taking DOACs.

Early identification and management of asymptomatic carotid plaques can reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. This study aimed to explore the factors that affect carotid plaques in the Northern Chinese population and construct a nomogram for risk assessment to identify high-risk populations for carotid artery plaques. A cross-sectional study on cardiovascular factors was conducted in Shijingshan District, Beijing, from January 2022 and August to September 2023, targeting individuals aged 18 years and above. Carotid plaques were assessed via carotid ultrasound. LASSO regression was used for feature selection, logistic regression was employed to analyze risk factors, and a risk assessment nomogram was also developed.. The performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the calibration was assessed through the Hosmer‒Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. The study included a total of 828 subjects, with 558 in the normal group and 270 in the carotid plaque group. Thirty-three risk factors were included in the LASSO regression analysis as independent variables for screening. The results of the adjusted multiple logistic regression analysis show that age (OR = 6.81, 95% CI:4.371-10.758), unmarried marital status (OR = 3.475, 95% CI: 1.927-6.554), current smoking (OR = 2.318, 95% CI: 1.519-3.553), hypertension history (OR = 1.794, 95% CI: 1.123-2.860), dyslipidemia history (OR = 1.920, 95% CI: 1.149-3.215), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (OR = 1.014, 95% CI: 1.004-1.024), GLU (OR = 1.135, 95% CI: 1.017-1.272), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (OR = 1.014, 95% CI: 1.003-1.025) were associated with an increased risk of carotid plaques.In contrast, higher education levels were associated with a lower risk of carotid plaques, with education level (3) (OR = 0.436, 95% CI: 0.208-0.917) and education level (4) (OR = 0.348, 95% CI: 0.170-0.718) indicating a protective association. The constructed nomogram Risk assessment had an AUC of 0.850 (95% CI: 0.823-0.877) and demonstrated good calibration (χ2 = 13.973, P = 0.08246). By integrating age, education level, marital status, current smoking, hypertension history, dyslipidemia history, SBP, GLU and MDA, we developed a high-performance nomogram for assessment., which may be helpful for the early detection and prevention of carotid plaques in the general population. Further studies may be useful to validate the applicability in different regions and populations.

Existing studies have found that serological markers for predicting coronary heart disease (CHD) have relatively low predictive value for the severity of coronary arteries and the types of CHD. GGT to HDL-C ratio (GHR) has been shown to be associated with T2DM and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, we explore the relationship among GHR, CHD and its subgroups.

The study retrospectively analyzed 2703 participants from August 2022 to August 2023. The patients were divided into CHD group (N = 1911) and control group (N = 792) according to the diagnostic criteria of CHD. Adjustments for all covariates found that GHR was an independent risk factor for CHD (OR: 1.025, 95 % CI 1.016-1.033) and had the highest AUC of 0.767 (95 % CI 0.744-0.790) in identifying CHD. Additionally, GHR was significantly associated with multi-vessel CHD (OR: 1.018, 95 % CI 1.012-1.023) and showed excellent diagnostic capability for patients with multi-vessel CHD (AUC: 0.638). Moreover, compared with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) and unstable angina (UA) groups, the level of GHR was significantly increased in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (ST elevation myocardial infarction and Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction) group (P < 0.05). GHR had the higher AUC in STMETI [0.819 (95 % CI 0.796-0.854)] and NASTEMI [0.792 (95 % CI 0.766-0.816)] than the CCS and UA groups.

Our study analyses found that GHR is an independent risk factor for CHD and can predict the severity of coronary artery stenosis. Moreover, GHR has a high predictive value for AMI than CCS and UA in CHD patients.

With nearly three-quarters of global deaths attributed to lifestyle-associated diseases, effective lifestyle modifications are more urgent than ever. The American Heart Association's framework for cardiovascular health has evolved significantly, transitioning from 'Life's Simple 7' to 'Life's Essential 8' with the incorporation of sleep, and further to 'Life's Essential 9' by adding mental health as a key component. Despite these advancements, recent evidence reveals a persistently low prevalence of ideal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health behaviors across populations. These findings highlight the critical gap in addressing modifiable lifestyle and psychosocial factors. To reduce the global disease burden, public health strategies must prioritize comprehensive interventions that encompass physical, neurological, and mental well-being.

Adult zebrafish robustly regenerate injured hearts through a complex orchestration of molecular and cellular activities. However, this remarkable process, which is largely non-existent in humans, remains incompletely understood. Here, we utilize integrated spatial transcriptomics (Stereo-seq) and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to generate a spatially-resolved molecular and cellular atlas of regenerating zebrafish heart across eight stages. We characterize the cascade of cardiomyocyte cell states responsible for producing regenerated myocardium and explore a potential role for tpm4a in cardiomyocyte re-differentiation. Moreover, we uncover the activation of ifrd1 and atp6ap2 genes as a unique feature of regenerative hearts. Lastly, we reconstruct a 4D "virtual regenerating heart" comprising 569,896 cells/spots derived from 36 scRNA-seq libraries and 224 Stereo-seq slices. Our comprehensive atlas serves as a valuable resource to the cardiovascular and regeneration scientific communities and their ongoing efforts to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying vertebrate heart regeneration.

At present, various diseases seriously threaten human life and health, and the development of nanodrug delivery systems has brought about a turnaround for traditional drug treatments, with nanoparticles being precisely targeted to improve bioavailability. Surface modification of nanoparticles can prolong blood circulation time and enhance targeting ability. The application of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles further improves their biocompatibility and active targeting ability, providing new hope for the treatment of various diseases. Various types of cell membrane biomimetic nanoparticles have gradually attracted increasing attention due to their unique advantages. However, the pathological microenvironment of different diseases is complex and varied, and the single-cell membrane has several limitations because a single functional property cannot fully meet the requirements of disease treatment. Hybrid cell membranes integrate the advantages of multiple biological membranes and have become an emerging research hotspot. This review summarizes the application of cell membrane biomimetic nanoparticles in the treatment of various diseases and discusses the advantages, challenges and future development of biomimetic nanoparticles. We propose that the fusion of multiple membranes may be a reasonable trend in the future to provide some ideas and directions for the treatment of various diseases.

Few studies have been conducted to investigate the association between the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in a predominantly male cohort from China.

A prospective cohort study was conducted on a total 95,837 individuals (males account for 79.67) extracted from the Kailuan study. All individuals were grouped according to the TG/HDL-C ratio quartile. The endpoints of this study were composite MACCEs and its subtypes [non-fatal myocardial (MI), non-fatal stroke and all-cause mortality]. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed to illustrate the cumulative incidence curve. The incidence rate was reported as per 1000 person-years. To explore the impact of varying quartiles of the TG/HDL-C ratio on the risk of MACCEs, Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was conducted. Furthermore, multivariate adjusted spline regression models were applied to examine the relationship between the TG/HDL-C ratio and the risk of MACCEs.

A total of 18,430 cases of composite MACCEs occurred during a 13.97-year follow-up. In brief, 1762 cases of MI, 6653 cases of stroke, and 12,524 cases of all-cause mortality were reported, respectively. The cumulative incidence and incidence rate of composite MACCEs, MI, and stroke increased with increment in the TG/HDL-C ratio (p < 0.001). In comparison to quartile 1, the hazard ratios of quartile 4 for composite MACCEs, MI, stroke, and all-cause mortality were 1.13 (95% CI 1.07-1.19), 1.55 (95% CI 1.30-1.84), 1.21 (95% CI 1.12-1.31), and 1.12 (95% CI 1.05-1.20), respectively. Multivariate adjusted spline regression models showed a nonlinear relationship between baseline TG/HDL-C ratio and risk of composite MACCEs (p for non-linearity < 0.01), MI (p for non-linearity < 0.01), stroke (p for non-linearity < 0.01), and all-cause mortality (p for non-linearity = 0.029).

The TG/HDL-C ratio is significantly associated with an increased risk of MACCEs in a predominantly male cohort from northern China.

Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death worldwide, and their high incidence poses a significant threat to human health and public health systems. Panax notoginseng , a traditional Chinese medicinal herb with a long history, has shown promise in treating cardiovascular diseases. This review examines the diverse mechanisms through which Panax notoginseng addresses cardiovascular diseases, including anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet aggregation, anticoagulation, anti-oxidative stress, regulation of angiogenesis, antiatherosclerosis, improvement of microcirculatory disorders, and protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, highlighting saponins as the principal active components. It also summarizes studies involving Panax notoginseng preparations like Xueshuantong and Xuesaitong in treating coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction, and discusses the safety, limitations, and future research directions of these extracts. In conclusion, the cardiovascular protective mechanism of Panax notoginseng is multitargeted and multipathways, and its clinical application is relatively safe, with rare and mild adverse drug reactions, suggesting a promising therapeutic potential.

To examine chain mediating effect of discharge readiness and self-efficacy between quality of discharge teaching and self-management in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Although self-management after PCI has significant benefits in controlling risk factors and delaying disease progression, the status of self-management remains unoptimistic. A large number of studies have explored the close relationship between the quality of discharge teaching and patients self-management, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms.

The cross-sectional samples was collected from a tertiary hospital in China. Self-reported questionnaires were used to assess quality of discharge teaching, discharge readiness, self-efficacy and self-management. Pearson correlation analysis and mediation effect analysis were used for statistical analysis.

The study used the STROBE checklist for reporting.

A total of 198 patients with a mean age of 64.99 ± 11.32 (34-85) were included. The mean score of self-management was 88.41 ± 11.82. Quality of discharge teaching, discharge readiness, self-efficacy and self-management were all positively correlated. Mediation effect analysis showed that the mediating effects of discharge readiness, self-efficacy, discharge readiness and self-efficacy between quality of discharge teaching and self-management were 0.157, 0.177 and 0.049, respectively, accounting for 21.96%, 24.76% and 6.85% of the total effect.

The quality of discharge teaching for patients after PCI not only directly affects self-management, but also can indirectly affect self-management through discharge readiness and self-efficacy.

To improve the life quality of patients after PCI, medical staff should pay attention to the influence of self-management of quality of discharge teaching, and develop intervention strategies based on the path of discharge readiness and self-efficacy.

Questionnaires filled out by patients were used to understand the association between quality of discharge teaching, discharge readiness, self-efficacy and self-management.

Evidence on the impacts of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 on the hospital admissions, length of hospital stays (LOS), and hospital expenses among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still limited in China, especially in rural areas. This study was performed in eight counties of Fuyang from 1 January 2015 to 30 June 2017. We use a three-stage time-series analysis to explore the effects of short-term exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 on hospital admissions, LOS, and hospital expenses for CVDs. An increment of 10 ug/m3 in PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 corresponded to an increment of 1.82% (95% CI: 1.34, 2.30), 0.96% (95% CI: 0.44, 1.48), and 0.79% (95% CI: 0.63%, 0.95%) in CVD hospital admissions, respectively. We observed that daily concentrations of PMs were associated with an increase in hospital admissions, LOS, and expenses for CVDs. Sustained endeavors are required to reduce air pollution so as to attenuate disease burdens from CVDs.

Hypertension (HTN) is prevalent in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, yet the cardioprotective and survival benefits of β-adrenergic blockers during radiotherapy (RT) remain underexplored. We analyzed data from a Chinese clinical cohort of 750 patients with stage IIIA to IIIB NSCLC and HTN receiving RT between 2014 and 2018. The findings were further validated using data from the NHANES database. In Chinese clinical cohort, β-adrenergic blockers were associated with improved OS (β-adrenergic blockers: median overall survival (mOS) 17.64 months, 95% CI, 15.95-19.33; no β-adrenergic blockers: mOS 13.16 months, 95% CI, 12.62-13.70; p < 0.0001) and PFS (β-adrenergic blockers: median progression-free survival (mPFS) 7.50 months, 95% CI, 6.50-8.50; without β-adrenergic blockers: mPFS 4.91 months, 95% CI, 4.53-5.31; p < 0.0001). Simultaneously, in the NHANES database, the utilization of β-adrenergic blockers exhibited no discernible impact on OS within the entire tumor population, as evidenced by the Kaplan-Meier curve, which revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.254). β-adrenergic blockers may improve OS and PFS in patients with HTN and NSCLC undergoing RT. β-adrenergic blockers show potential and warrant further investigation in the context of RT.

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the preferred treatment, yet some patients experience major adverse cardiac events (MACE) within a year despite successful recanalisation. Identifying predictors of futile recanalisation-defined as achieving thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grade III flow after PPCI but still developing MACE-is essential for improving outcomes.

This single-centre, retrospective study included patients with STEMI treated with PPCI from January 2019 to January 2023. The primary outcome was futile recanalisation. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and logistic regression were used to identify independent predictors of futile recanalisation.

Of the 489 consecutive patients who achieved successful recanalisation, 20.9% met the criteria for futile recanalisation within 1 year. Multivariable analysis identified several independent predictors: heart rate at admission (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.71), reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.41), advanced left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.15), elevated cardiac troponin I (CTnI) levels (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.90), high Selvester QRS scores (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.13) and increased homocysteine (HCY) levels (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.77).

Despite successful recanalisation, certain factors-high admission heart rate, low LVEF, advanced left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, elevated CTnI levels, high Selvester QRS scores, and increased HCY levels-are associated with futile recanalisation in patients with STEMI. These findings highlight the need for targeted monitoring and management strategies to reduce long-term MACE risks in this population.

The incidence of ischemic cardiomyopathy increases annually worldwide, and it is the leading cause of mortality in China. Although interventional diagnostic and therapeutic techniques can promptly open the culprit vessels, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), resulting from restored blood flow, is often inevitable. Semaglutide (Sem), a novel GLP-1 analogue, is primarily utilized in managing Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent research indicates that semaglutide may reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore whether semaglutide can ameliorate MIRI and explore its potential mechanism.

: A mouse model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) was created by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) first for 45 min and then reperfusing the heart for 24 h. Assessment of cardiac function and fibrosis were conducted through small animal ultrasound and Masson's staining. It was observed that semaglutide enhanced cardiac function recovery and diminished fibrosis in the I/R model. In vivo experiments, semaglutide proved to mitigate oxidative stress and inhibit ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. RNA sequencing showed that S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9) was the target gene of semaglutide to protect against MIRI. In vitro, experiments showed that semaglutide decreased the expression of S100A9 by activating the Protein Kinase C(PKC) pathway, thus inhibiting ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes.

Semaglutide can reduce I/R-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting the ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes. In the mechanism, semaglutide mainly reduce the expression of S100A9 via the activation of PKC signaling pathway. Therefore, semaglutide is considered as a potential treatment option for MIRI.

The global rise in diabetes prevalence is a pressing concern. Despite initiatives like "The Healthy Beijing Action 2020-2030" advocating for increased awareness, treatment, and control, the specific situation in Beijing remains unexplored. This study aimed to analyze the trends in diabetes prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control among Beijing adults.

Through a stratified multistage probability cluster sampling method, a series of representative cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Beijing from 2005 to 2022, targeting adults aged 18-79 years. A face-to-face questionnaire, along with body measurements and laboratory tests, were administered to 111,943 participants. Data from all survey were age- and/or gender-standardized based on the 2020 Beijing census population. Annual percentage rate change (APC) or average annual percentage rate change (AAPC) was calculated to determine prevalence trends over time. Complex sampling logistic regression models were employed to explore the relationship between various characteristics and diabetes.

From 2005 to 2022, the total prevalence of diabetes among Beijing adults aged 18-79 years increased from 9.6% (95% CI: 8.8-10.4%) to 13.9% (95% CI: 13.1-14.7%), with an APC/AAPC of 2.1% (95% CI: 1.1-3.2%, P <0.05). Significant increases were observed among adults aged 18-39 years and rural residents. Undiagnosed diabetes rose from 3.5% (95% CI: 3.2-4.0%) to 7.2% (95% CI: 6.6-7.9%) with an APC/AAPC of 4.1% (95% CI: 0.5-7.3%, P <0.05). However, diabetes awareness and treatment rates showed annual declines of 1.4% (95% CI: -3.0% to -0.2%, P <0.05) and 1.3% (95% CI: -2.6% to -0.2%, P <0.05), respectively. The diabetes control rate decreased from 21.5% to 19.1%, although not statistically significant (APC/AAPC = -1.5%, 95% CI: -5.6% to 1.9%). Overweight and obesity were identified as risk factors for diabetes, with ORs of 1.65 (95% CI: 1.38-1.98) and 2.48 (95% CI: 2.07-2.99), respectively.

The prevalence of diabetes in Beijing has significantly increased between 2005 and 2022, particularly among young adults and rural residents. Meanwhile, there has been a concerning decrease in diabetes awareness and treatment rates, while control rates have remained stagnant. Regular blood glucose testing, especially among adults aged 18-59 years, should be warranted. Furthermore, being male, elderly, overweight, or obese was associated with higher diabetes risk, suggesting the needs for targeted management strategies.

Lifestyle factors, including diet, physical activity, smoking cessation, and stress management, are crucial for reducing the risk of recurrent cardiac events and promoting overall cardiovascular health. Despite their clinical significance, the experiences of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in adjusting to and maintaining these lifestyle changes after their first percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain relatively unexplored, especially in China. This study aims to address this gap by exploring the experiences of patients with CHD in central China as they make adjustments to healthy lifestyles following their first PCI.

A qualitative descriptive study was designed. Eighteen participants from a regional teaching hospital in central China participated in the study conducted from 2022 to 2023. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews guided by semi-structured questions, resulting in five sub-themes and one main theme emerging from the thematic analysis.

Adjusting to a healthy lifestyle post-PCI was described as "moving forward despite obstacles", reflecting resilience and determination in overcoming challenges to improve health and well-being. The participants initially trusted their doctors' recommendations and became motivated by the positive effects of lifestyle changes and the desire to alleviate the burden of their loved ones. However, they also faced challenges related to Chinese traditional culture and other physical issues.

Adjustment to a healthy lifestyle is essential but challenging. Our findings highlight the influence of external and internal factors on behavioural changes and underscore the need for health professionals to understand and support patients' experiences to inspire and sustain their lifestyle adjustments.

Not applicable.

Growth arrest specific 5 (GAS5) is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that regulates the function of cardiovascular cells in various cardiovascular diseases. The current study delved into the regulation of GAS5 on the function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and its potential regulatory mechanism in coronary heart disease (CHD).

Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect GAS5 expression in the blood samples and EPCs from CHD patients and healthy controls. Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, flow cytometry, and transwell assays were performed to evaluate cell phenotype of EPCs. Ferroptosis was detected by the measurement of Fe2+, malondialdehyde, GSH, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Glycolysis was determined by extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), oxygen consumption rate (OCR), glucose uptake and lactate production.

Growth arrest specific 5 was downregulated in the blood samples and EPCs from CHD patients. Growth arrest specific 5 deficiency suppressed EPC proliferative capacity, migration, invasion and facilitated EPC apoptosis while GAS5 overexpression showed contrary effects. Moreover, GAS5 silencing inhibited the glucose metabolic reprogramming, as evidenced by the reduced ECAR, glycolysis capacity, ATP, glucose uptake and lactate production, and elevated OCR. Additionally, GAS5 overexpression attenuated the erastin-induced ferroptosis of EPCs. Growth arrest specific 5 could bind to IGF2BP1 to enhance the mRNA stability of glycolysis transcriptional regulator SIX1. Growth arrest specific 5 interacted with miR-23a-3p to regulate SLC7A11 expression. GAS5 promoted glucose metabolic reprogramming of EPCs by upregulating SIX1 and inhibited EPC ferroptosis by elevating SLC7A11.

Growth arrest specific 5 promotes glucose metabolic reprogramming and represses ferroptosis of EPCs via the IGF2BP1/SIX1 and miR-23a-3p/SLC7A11 dual-regulatory pathways in CHD.

To explore the feasibility of a one-beat protocol and ultra-low tube voltage of 60 kVp in coronary CT angiography (CCTA).

This prospective study enrolled 107 patients (body mass index ≤ 26 kg/m2) undergoing CCTA examinations. Specifically, the conventional group (n = 52) underwent 100 kVp scanning with 45 ml iodine contrast agent and 4 ml/s injection rate, and the low-dose group (n = 55) underwent 60 kVp scanning with 28 ml iodine contrast agent and 2.5 ml/s injection rate. The CT value, signal-noise-ratio (SNR), contrast-noise-ratio (CNR) and subjective image quality score of two groups in aorta (AO), right coronary artery (RCA), left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCX) are analyzed in this study. Three types of radiation doses [i.e., volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP), effective dose (ED)] of two groups are also compared.

The quantitative results indicated that the low-dose group achieved higher CT values, SNR and CNR results of the AO than the conventional group (P values < 0.001). Both groups had similar CT values, SNR and CNR results in RCA, LAD, and LCX (P values > 0.05). A good agreement is noted with respect to subjective image quality scores in both groups, while the Cohen's kappa value is 0.815 in the low-dose group and 0.825 in the conventional group, respectively. In addition, the radiation dose of the low-dose group is significantly lower than the conventional group in terms of CTDIvol, DLP and ED values, and the contrast dose in the low-dose group is also significantly reduced compared to the conventional group (P values < 0.001).

One-beat protocol with an ultra-low tube voltage of 60 kVp could provide improved coronary image quality, reduced radiation dose and reduced iodine contrast dose.

Citrus flavonoids are naturally occurring phytochemicals widely present in the peels and pulps of citrus fruits. They exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, antimicrobial, and gut-protective effects. These metabolites show great potential in improving metabolic syndromes such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, citrus flavonoids have demonstrated significant effects in inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity, regulating lipid metabolism, and enhancing intestinal barrier function. Advances in extraction and purification techniques have further promoted their applications in the fields of food, medicine, and functional materials. This review systematically summarizes the types, bioactivities, and mechanisms of action of citrus flavonoids, providing scientific evidence for their research and development.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading global cause of death and health loss. The epidemiology and factors influencing CVD in children are unique, making it essential to first evaluate current and future trends to guide interventions and reduce the disease burden.

To analyze the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of CVD in children aged 0-14 from 1990 to 2021, and explore global disease burden, risk factors, and trends over the next 30 years. The study focuses on China, Japan, South Korea, India, and Singapore to aid in developing targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 1990-2021, we assessed age- and sex-specific morbidity, mortality, and DALY of CVD in Asian children aged 0-14 and computed the EAPC. We analyzed risk factors, specific causes, and projected prevalence trends through 2050 using the Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model.

From 1990 to 2021, CVD incidence among Asian children aged 0-14 decreased by 8.03 % (95 % UI:13.63 to -4.02). Mortality saw a significant drop of 67.98 % (95 % UI:73.73 to -62.23), with the greatest decline in children aged 2-4, and the highest death rate in those under 1 year. Disability and mortality patterns were similar across gender, age, etiology, and overall trends. In 2021, South Asia had the highest rates of morbidity, mortality, and disability. Rates varied significantly, with Mongolia exhibiting the highest rate and Cyprus the lowest, showing a sixfold difference. Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and intracerebral hemorrhage were the most critical diseases needed attention. Abnormal temperatures were identified as a risk factor associated with CVD outcomes in children. The burden of CVD is projected to increase in various regions and countries across Asia.

The burden of CVD continues to challenge children aged 0-14 in Asia. Enhancing our understanding of pediatric CVD epidemiology, addressing risk factors, and reinforcing prevention and control measures are essential for reducing this burden.

Mounting evidence indicates that gut microbial metabolites are central hubs linking the gut microbiota to atherosclerosis (AS). Gut microbiota enriched with pathobiont bacteria responsible for producing metabolites like trimethylamine N-oxide and phenylacetylglutamine are related to an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Furthermore, gut microbiota enriched with bacteria responsible for producing short-chain fatty acids, indole, and its derivatives, such as indole-3-propionic acid, have demonstrated AS-protective effects. This study described AS-related gut microbial composition and how microbial metabolites affect AS. Summary findings revealed gut microbiota and their metabolites-targeted diets could benefit AS treatment. In conclusion, dietary interventions centered on the gut microbiota represent a promising strategy for AS treatment, and understanding diet-microbiota interactions could potentially be devoted to developing novel anti-AS therapies.

The body roundness index (BRI) and circadian syndrome (CircS) are considered new risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet it remains uncertain whether elevated BRI is associated with CVD incidence in CircS patients. In this study, we investigated the association between BRI and CVD occurrence among CircS participants.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 8,888 participants aged ≥45 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2011-2020 wave). CircS was evaluated with a combination of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) MetS, along with short sleep duration and depression. The threshold for CircS was established at ≥4. In the first phase, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the accuracy of diagnosing CircS according to baseline BRI. During the 9-year follow-up, the associations between BRI and CVD incidence in CircS patients were explored by employing logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and subgroup analysis.

BRI demonstrated an independent association with CircS, and multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic spline analyses suggested "J-shaped" associations between BRI and risk of CircS. BRI demonstrated better diagnostic performance in diagnosing CircS compared to general obesity indices such as ABSI (AUC: 0.617), BMI (AUC: 0.746), and WC (AUC: 0.722), with an AUC of 0.760. After a 9-year follow-up, BRI was found to be independently associated with the occurrence of CVD in CircS patients, and the associations between incident CVD and the second, third, and fourth BRI quartiles were 1.30 (95% CI: 0.99~1.69), 1.32 (95% CI: 1.01~1.72), and 1.59 (95% CI: 1.21~2.08), respectively, relative to the first BRI quartile. Then, we assessed the relationship between other obesity indices and the CVD occurrence, and likewise observed a significant effect in the fourth quartile.

BRI was independently associated with CircS, outperforming obesity indices such as BMI and WC in identifying individuals with CircS. During the 9-year follow-up, elevated BRI levels was significantly associated with CVD incidence among CircS patients, especially in men. Thus, early identification of high-risk populations with CircS and elevated BRI levels may help promote healthy aging among middle-aged and elderly individuals.

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain [NOD-], leucine-rich repeats [LRR-], and Pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays an essential role in hypertension-related atrial fibrillation (AF). p300 is involved in cardiovascular inflammation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of p300 in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its subsequent impact on the Ikur current in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced HL-1 cells and Ang II-infused mice.

Expression levels of p300, Kv1.5, and NLRP3 in left atrial appendage (LAA) tissues from AF and sinus rhythm (SR) patients were detected by Western blot. A hypertension mouse model was established in p300 knockout (p300-KO) mice via Ang II infusion, and AF incidence was assessed by electrocardiogram (ECG) after rapid atrial pacing. In vitro, the expression level of p300 in HL-1 cells was modulated by adenoviral overexpression, curcumin (an inhibitor of p300) treatment, and smal interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was evaluated by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and electrophysiological properties of HL-1 cells were analyzed using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed to investigate the interaction between p300 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB).

The expression levels of p300, Kv1.5, and NLRP3 were found to be significantly higher in the LAA tissue of AF patients compared to SR patients. p300-KO decreased AF incidence in Ang II-infused mice by impairing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. p300-OE facilitated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which subsequently increased the Ikur density and shortened the action potential duration of HL-1 cells. Both curcumin (p300 inhibitor) and p300-siRNA treatments reversed Ang II-induced atrial electrical remodeling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation showed that p300 interacts with NF-κB to promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

p300 participates in hypertension-induced AF susceptibility by interacting with NF-κB to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, which subsequently upregulates the transmembrane current of Ikur in atrial cardiomyocytes.

Background: It has been documented that radiation can influence the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapy drugs, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In clinical practice, a considerable number of cancer patients undergo radiotherapy, and those with comorbid hypertension required antihypertensive drugs, including valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker. However, there is no research investigating whether radiotherapy poses a risk of altering the pharmacokinetics. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of X-ray abdominal irradiation on the pharmacokinetics of valsartan and to preliminarily elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods: The pharmacokinetics of valsartan after X-ray irradiation was investigated in rats and in vitro by detecting the concentration of valsartan in biological samples by LC-MS/MS. The oxidative stress in the intestine and the mRNA expression of partial transporters and Nrf2 in the liver and small intestine were detected by biochemical reagent kit or RT-qPCR. Results: In vivo studies showed that X-ray irradiation resulted in a significant decrease in the AUC and Cmax of valsartan, and the cumulative fractional excretion of valsartan in bile and urine, although there was no significant change in fecal excretion. In vitro studies showed that the uptake of valsartan by both intestine and Caco-2 cells decreased after irradiation, and the cellular uptake could be restored by Mrp2 inhibitor MK571. The levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT in the intestine decreased after irradiation. The mRNA expressions of Mrp2 and P-gp in the intestine or Caco-2 cells were significantly upregulated after irradiation while there was a downregulation of Mrp2 and oatp1b2 in liver. Nrf2 and HO-1 in the intestine were also significantly upregulated, which clarified the involvement of Mrp2 and the possible molecular mechanism. Conclusions: Abdominal X-ray irradiation can cause oxidative stress and upregulate intestinal Mrp2, which may be related to oxidative stress and upregulation of Nrf2, reducing intestinal absorption of valsartan and leading to a significant decrease in the blood concentration of valsartan.

Insulin resistance is a crucial factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), yet the relationship between the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), an index reflecting insulin resistance, and the risk of new-onset CVD among individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome stage 0-3 remains underexplored, and large-scale prospective cohort studies are needed to clarify this relationship.

All data for this study were extracted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The primary outcome was the incidence of new-onset CVD (including heart diseases (HD) and stroke) during the follow-up period (from 2013 to 2020). Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to elucidate the relationship between the eGDR and the risk of developing CVD. The restricted cubic splines (RCS), mediation analysis, and stratified analyses were also employed.

This study included 6752 participants, of whom 1495 (22%) developed CVD. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from lowest eGDR level (<7.37 mg/kg/min) to highest eGDR level (≥ 11.16 mg/kg/min) were 1.00 (reference), 0.81 (0.68, 0.96), 0.72 (0.58, 0.88), and 0.74 (0.58, 0.94) respectively, for the occurrence of CVD; 1.00 (reference), 0.81 (0.67,0.97), 0.72 (0.57,0.90), and 0.75 (0.58,0.97) respectively, for the occurrence of HD; 1.00 (reference), 0.91 (0.74,1.12), 0.80 (0.62,1.04), and 0.71 (0.52,0.97) respectively, for the occurrence of stroke after adjusting for all potential covariates. The RCS analysis discovered an approximately inverse "L" correlation between eGDR and the occurrence of CVD and HD across all individuals with CKM syndrome stages 0-3 (All P for overall < 0.001, All P for nonlinear = 0.005), while there was a negative linear correlation between eGDR and the risk of new-onset stroke (P for overall = 0.026, P for nonlinear = 0.098). Furthermore, the proportions mediated through BMI were 41.98%, 43.05%, and 43.23% for CVD, HD and stroke, respectively. No significant interactions were found.

The eGDR was a novel indicator of new-onset CVD in individuals with CKM syndrome stages 0-3, with BMI serving as a partial mediator in the association between eGDR and CVD risk. Addressing insulin resistance may represent a viable strategy for reducing the risk of CVD in this population.

Stent implantation effectively relieves coronary artery disease (CAD), and post-surgery cardiac rehabilitation is essential for prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of patients undergoing coronary artery stenting regarding cardiac rehabilitation. Conducted in multiple hospitals from December 2023 to January 2024, a self-administered questionnaire collected demographic information and KAP scores. A total of 452 valid subjects were included, with 262 participating in cardiac rehabilitation. The average age was 56.76 ± 12.97 years, with 57.52% male and 72.35% urban residents. Mean KAP scores were 14.63 ± 4.70 (knowledge), 37.50 ± 4.15 (attitude), and 30.96 ± 4.49 (practice). Positive correlations were found between KAP scores (r = 0.378-0.474, P < 0.001). Urban residence, angina, and myocardial infarction diagnoses were positively associated with knowledge (OR = 1.881-3.192, P < 0.05). Conversely, medical insurance, continued drinking post-implantation, and other underlying diseases were negatively associated (OR = 0.193-0.592, P < 0.05). Myocardial infarction diagnosis (OR = 2.059, P = 0.026) and health education (OR = 1.830, P = 0.018) positively influenced attitudes. Medical insurance was associated with practice (OR = 4.567, P = 0.028). Patients showed moderate knowledge and positive attitudes towards cardiac rehabilitation, highlighting the need for educational interventions for rural residents and individuals who did not initiate rehabilitation.

This study explores the relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms and early diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertension utilizing four-dimensional echocardiography and assesses the prognosis.

This study consecutively selected 470 patients with hypertension who visited the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between September 2021 and August 2022, with 274 meeting the inclusion criteria. Hypertension gene testing was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) techniques, and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test was used to confirm genetic equilibrium. Patients were categorized into the D allele group (n = 163) and the non-D allele group (n = 111). Diastolic function was assessed using four-dimensional echocardiography, which included averaging the E/e' ratio over three cardiac cycles, measuring the left atrial (LA) maximum volume index (LA volume), tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TR velocity), LA strain, and left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT). Patients were subsequently classified into the diastolic dysfunction group (n = 133) and the normal diastolic function group (n = 141). Chi-square tests were used to analyze differences in diastolic function indicators between the groups, Logistic regression was applied to control for potential confounding factors, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to assess the predictive value of different ACE alleles for diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertension.

The genotype distribution in both the D allele group and the non-D allele group was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). Compared to the non-D allele group, echocardiographic indicators in the D allele group showed a decline in diastolic function: the average E/e' ratio over three cardiac cycles (14.67 [13.82, 15.80] vs. 9.30 [8.12, 12.00]), LA volume (32.76 [29.34, 34.61] vs. 25.61 [22.63, 29.64] ml/m2), TR velocity (2.90 [2.40, 2.90] vs. 1.40 [1.10, 2.40] cm/s), LA strain (18.00 [14.00, 25.00] vs. 37.00 [24.00, 40.00] %), and IVRT (104.25 [95.87, 106.25] vs. 88.09 [80.99, 96.56] ms). Differences between each group were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The number of patients with diastolic dysfunction was higher in the D allele group (n = 102; 62.6%) compared to the non-D allele group (n = 31; 27.9%). In the logistic regression model, the D allele was associated with an increased risk of early diastolic dysfunction in hypertension (OR = 4.32, 95% CI = 2.56-7.27, P < 0.01). In the adjusted model, the D allele remained associated with an elevated risk of early diastolic dysfunction in hypertension (OR = 3.83, 95% CI = 2.24-6.54, P < 0.01). ROC curve analysis indicated that the D allele has predictive value for early diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertension (area under the curve [AUC], 0.667; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.608-0.723; sensitivity, 76.7%; and specificity, 56.7%; P < 0.05).

The ACE-D allele is associated with early diastolic dysfunction in hypertension. ACE gene testing can enhance the predictive value for diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertension.

Decellularized allografts have emerged as promising candidates for vascular bypass grafting, owing to their inherent bioactivity and minimal immunogenicity. However, graft failure that results from suboptimal regeneration and pathological remodeling has hindered their clinical adoption. Recent advances in vascular biology highlight the pivotal role of COUP-TFII in orchestrating endothelial identity, angiogenesis, safeguarding against atherosclerosis, and mitigating vascular calcification. Here, plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding COUP-TFII is incorporated into decellularized allografts to realize localized delivery. Comprehensive in vitro investigation complemented by a bone marrow transplantation model on genetic-lineage-tracing mouse revealed the underlying mechanisms of COUP-TFII in regulating vascular regeneration and remodeling. COUP-TFII augmented endothelialization and inhibited calcification in decellularized allografts by modulating the Ang1/Tie2/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway that dictates the fate of Sca-1+ stem/progenitor cells. Heparin-polyethyleneimine nanoparticles (HEPI) are prepared as COUP-TFII pDNA nanocarriers (COUP-TFII@HPEI) and used to modify decellularized allografts, achieving long-term and stable overexpression of COUP-TFII. Functionalized grafts are evaluated in rat abdominal artery replacement models, demonstrating enhanced neo-artery regeneration without calcification. The study provides an effective strategy to enhance the applicability of decellularized allograft and illustrates their translational prospects for vascular bypass grafting.

To investigate the allelic genotypes of the adiponectin (APN) gene polymorphisms (rs1501299) and its association with APN level among Mets patients.

A total of 410 patients with Mets and 203 healthy subjects were included in the study. The serum APN levels of the subjects were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The polymorphisms of the G/T gene at the rs1501299 locus of the APN gene were detected using restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction technology.

The serum APN levels were significantly lower in Mets patients than in the control group (15.0 ± 4.9 mg/L vs 27.2 ± 6.5 mg/L, p < 0.05). The distribution of the three genotypes at the rs1501299 locus was statistically different between the Mets patients and the control group (GG, GT, and TT, p < 0.05), and the frequencies of the T alleles were higher in the Mets patients than in control group (GT and TT, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the study subjects with the T allele had a higher risk of Mets than those with the G allele (OR = 1.85, p < 0.05). The risk of Mets was higher in GT and TT genotypes compared to in GG genotypes (OR = 1.43; OR = 2.14 vs OR = 1.00 ref). Similarly, it increased after combining GT and GG genotypes (OR = 1.73, p < 0.05). The APN levels in the GT (14.3 ± 5.3 mg/L) and TT (13.4 ± 5.4 mg/L) genotypes of the study subjects were lower than those of the GG genotype (15.5 ± 4.8 mg/L, p < 0.05).

The occurrence of Mets may be associated with genetic variants at the rs1501299 locus, especially for individuals with G to T variants that reduce APN levels and lead to a higher risk of developing Mets.

Combined effect of healthy lifestyles and obesity on cardiometabolic risks were unclear in Chinese rural adults. We aimed to assess the above-mentioned issue.

This study included 25,123 adults from baseline survey of Henan rural cohort study. We collected information regarding current not smoking, current not drinking, healthy diet, adequate exercise, and healthy sleep. We calculated the number of healthy lifestyle factors for each participant or used the latent class analysis to identify clustering classes of healthy lifestyle. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, blood lipid, and fasting blood glucose were measured. Logistic models were applied to assess the combined associations of healthy lifestyles and obesity with cardiometabolic risks.

3.8%, 45.8%, and 50.4% of all participants had 0-1, 2-3, and 4-5 healthy factors. The prevalence of obesity defined by BMI and WC was 17.1% and 38.1%, respectively. Compared with participants with obesity who met 0-1 healthy factor, those with obesity who met 4-5 healthy factors have a lower risk of hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 0.41; 95% confidence intervals [95%CI], 0.29-0.58) and dyslipidemia (OR, 0.49; 95%CI, 0.35-0.68) except hyperglycemia (OR, 0.87; 95%CI, 0.53-1.43). Irrespective of the healthy lifestyle scores, compared with participants with normal weight, those with obesity were at higher risk of hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. We obtained similar results when using the latent class analysis or WC to define obesity.

Our findings indicated that healthy lifestyle did not entirely offset the obesity-related cardiometabolic risks although it brought some benefits.

Facing Mount Tai in the south and the Yellow River in the north, Zibo District is an important petrochemical base in China. The effect of air pollution on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Zibo was unclear.

Daily outpatient visits of common CVDs including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and arrhythmia were obtained from 2019 to 2022 in Zibo. Air pollutants contained fine particulate matter (PM2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO). Distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) including single-pollutant model in single-day (lag0-lag7) and cumulative-days (lag01-lag07), concentration-response curve, subgroup analysis, and double-pollutant model were utilized to examine the relationships of daily air pollutants on CHD, stroke, and arrhythmia. Meteorological factors were incorporated to control confounding.

In single-pollutant model, NO2 was positively associated with CHD, stroke and arrhythmia, with the strongest excess risks (ERs) of 4.97% (lag07), 4.71% (lag07) and 2.16% (lag02), respectively. The highest ERs of PM2.5 on CHD, stroke and arrhythmia were 0.85% (lag01), 0.59% (lag0) and 0.84% (lag01), and for PM10, the ERs were 0.37% (lag01), 0.35% (lag0) and 0.39% (lag01). SO2 on CHD was 0.92% (lag6), O3 on stroke was 0.16% (lag6), and CO on CHD, stroke, and arrhythmia were 8.77% (lag07), 5.38% (lag01), 4.30% (lag0). No threshold was found between air pollutants and CVDs. The effects of ambient pollutants on CVDs (NO2&CVDs, PM2.5&stroke, PM10&stroke, CO&stroke, CO&arrhythmia) were greater in cold season than warm season. In double-pollutant model, NO2 was positively associated with CHD and stroke, and CO was also positively related with CHD.

Ambient pollutants, especially NO2 and CO were associated with CVDs in Zibo, China. And there were strong relationships between NO2, PM2.5, PM10, CO and CVDs in cold season.

Hypertension is a significant global public health concern, and research shows that treatment adherence plays an important role in hypertension control. This study incorporated a novel factor in behavioral economics, delay discounting, into the predisposing factors within the PRECEDE model to explore the factors influencing adherence to treatment of patients with hypertension.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jiangsu Province, China, in 2023 and included 1,123 patients with hypertension.

Data collection tools included demographic variables and predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors. Delay discounting was assessed using a self-designed computer program. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical regression. This study used the STROBE Reporting Checklist.

The variables accounted for 30.4% of the total variance in adherence to treatment of patients with hypertension. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the predisposing (knowledge, delay discounting, and self-efficacy), reinforcing, and enabling factors were significantly associated with treatment adherence.

Delay discounting was associated with hypertension treatment adherence. Enhancing the predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors may lead to increased adherence among patients with hypertension. It is recommended that hospitals and healthcare providers offer educational lectures and training sessions, and that some simple delayed discount interventions be added to supplement this. Additionally, government and institutional efforts should be made to increase the availability of community-level resources for patients with hypertension.

To examine the association between physical activity (PA) and leisure-time sedentary time and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

This cross-sectional study used baseline data from the Regional Ethnic Cohort Study in Northwest China from June 2018 to May 2019. PA and leisure-time sedentary time were self-reported. Logistic regression models analyzed the association of PA and leisure-time sedentary time with CVD prevalence individually and jointly. Restricted cubic spline analyses assessed dose-response relationships. Isotemporal substitution models were used to investigate substituting leisure-time sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with CVD prevalence.

The prevalence of CVD was 31.8 %. Compared to the lowest quartile, participants in the highest quartile of total PA had a 32 % lower CVD prevalence (odds ratio [OR]: 0.68, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.62-0.74; P for trend <0.001). The fully adjusted OR for the highest quartile of leisure-time sedentary time compared to the lowest quartile was 1.09 (1.01-1.18; P for trend =0.04). An L-shaped dose-response relationship was observed between PA and CVD prevalence. An active lifestyle and reduced daily leisure-time sedentary time were associated with a 26 % (0.74 [0.63-0.86]) lower CVD prevalence. Additionally, substituting 30 min/day of leisure-time sedentary time with equivalent MVPA was associated with a 2 % (0.98 [0.97-0.99]) reduction in CVD prevalence. Substituting sedentary time with LPA was associated with a lower CVD prevalence in females.

An active lifestyle was associated with a lower prevalence of CVD in regional populations, suggesting a feasible strategy for CVD prevention and regional health promotion.

Despite the rapid advancements in cardiovascular surgery in China, the prevalence of valvular heart disease (VHD) continues to rise, particularly among the elderly population. In the resource-constrained western regions, the lack of an integrated care management system significantly contributes to the burden of cardiovascular disease. Consequently, a comprehensive cohort data platform that encompasses the entire lifespan of patients with VHD is essential. This prospective cohort study aims to facilitate the examination of risk factor screening, disease progression, diagnostic and treatment strategies, and the long-term functional recovery trajectories of patients following valve surgery.

The Integrated Whole-Life Cycle Accuracy Valvular Heart Disease Epidemiology Cohort Study is a prospective cohort study that plans to enrol approximately 10 000 participants, including both patients with VHD and members of the general population, by 2028. Led by the West China Hospital of Sichuan University, it will be conducted in collaboration with 15 medical consortiums and their affiliated community hospitals. This study seeks to assess the disease trajectory of VHD, as well as the risk factors and protective measures that influence its progression and prognosis. This study will collect and analyse basic demographic information, peripheral blood and tissue samples, long-term functional follow-up data, and patient-reported outcome questionnaires. Additionally, electronic health records will be used to document patients with VHD undergoing surgical interventions, along with lifetime endpoint events for the valve clinical study.

The study protocol was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (No. 20232422). All participants will be required to provide written informed consent. The study findings will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at scientific conferences.