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Junker N, Sariyar Akbulut B, Wendisch VF. Utilization of orange peel waste for sustainable amino acid production by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1419444. [PMID: 39050686 PMCID: PMC11266056 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1419444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Oranges are the most processed fruit in the world-it is therefore apparent that the industrial production of orange juice generates large quantities of orange peel as a by-product. Unfortunately, the management of the orange peel waste leads to economic and environmental problems. Meanwhile, the use of sustainable raw materials for the production of bulk chemicals, such as amino acids, is becoming increasingly attractive. To address both issues, this study focused on the use of orange peel waste as a raw material for media preparation for the production of amino acids by engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. C. glutamicum grew on pure orange peel hydrolysate (OPH) and growth was enhanced by the addition of a nitrogen source and a pH buffer. Inhibitory effects by the combination of high concentrations of OPH, (NH4)2SO4, and MOPS buffer in the wild-type strain (WT), were overcome in the tyrosine-producing engineered C. glutamicum strain AROM3. Genetic modifications that we identified to allow for improved growth rates under these conditions included the deletions of the vanillin dehydrogenase gene vdh, the ʟ-lactate dehydrogenase gene ldhA and the 19 genes comprising cluster cg2663-cg2686. A growth inhibiting compound present in high concentrations in the OPH is 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF). We identified vdh as being primarily responsible for the oxidation of HMF to its acid 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA), as the formation of HMFCA was reduced by 97% upon deletion of vdh in C. glutamicum WT. In addition, we showed that growth limitations could be overcome by adjusting the media preparation, using a combination of cheap ammonia water and KOH for pH neutralization after acidic hydrolysis. Overall, we developed a sustainable medium based on orange peel waste for the cultivation of C. glutamicum and demonstrated the successful production of the exemplary amino acids ʟ-arginine, ʟ-lysine, ʟ-serine, ʟ-valine and ʟ-tyrosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Junker
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Volker F. Wendisch
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, Faculty of Biology and Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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2
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Bertoldi J, Kindlovits R, Rocha H, Fernandes-Santos C, Gomes J, Oliveira E, Muniz I, Santos M, Pereira J, Rocha N, da Nóbrega A, Medeiros R. Aerobic exercise prevents cardiomyocyte damage caused by oxidative stress in early cardiovascular disease by increasing vascularity while L-arginine supplementation prevents it by increasing activation of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12533. [PMID: 37585913 PMCID: PMC10427156 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
L-Arginine and chronic exercise reduce oxidative stress. However, it is unclear how they affect cardiomyocytes during cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible effects of L-arginine supplementation and aerobic training on systemic oxidative stress and their consequences on cardiomyocytes during cardiometabolic disease onset caused by excess fructose. Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: control (C), fructose (F, 10% fructose in water), fructose training (FT; moderate running, 50-70% of the maximal velocity), and fructose arginine (FA; 880 mg/kg/day). Fructose was given for two weeks and fructose plus treatments for the subsequent eight weeks. Body composition, blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, nitrite, metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, left ventricle histological changes, microRNA-126, -195, and -146, eNOS, p-eNOS, and TNF-α expressions were analyzed. Higher abdominal fat mass, triacylglycerol level, and insulin level were observed in the F group, and both treatments reversed these alterations. Myocardial vascularization was impaired in fructose-fed groups, except in FT. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was observed in all fructose-fed groups. TNF-α levels were higher in fructose-fed groups than in the C group, and p-eNOS levels were higher in the FA than in the C and F groups. Lipid peroxidation was higher in the F group than in the FT and C groups. During CVD onset, moderate aerobic exercise reduced lipid peroxidation, and both training and L-arginine prevented metabolic changes caused by excessive fructose. Myocardial vascularization was impaired by fructose, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy appeared to be influenced by pro-inflammatory and oxidative environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.M.C.R.J. Bertoldi
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - (In)atividade física e exercício, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - R. Kindlovits
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - (In)atividade física e exercício, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - H.N.M. Rocha
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - (In)atividade física e exercício, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - C. Fernandes-Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - J.L.P. Gomes
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - (In)atividade física e exercício, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Departamento de Biodinâmica do Movimento do Corpo Humano, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - E.M. Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - (In)atividade física e exercício, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Departamento de Biodinâmica do Movimento do Corpo Humano, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - I.C. Muniz
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - (In)atividade física e exercício, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - M.M. Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - (In)atividade física e exercício, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - J.F. Pereira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - (In)atividade física e exercício, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - N.G. Rocha
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - (In)atividade física e exercício, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A.C.L. da Nóbrega
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - (In)atividade física e exercício, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - R.F. Medeiros
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - (In)atividade física e exercício, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Departamento de Nutrição e Dietética, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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3
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Reyneke GL, Beck EJ, Lambert K, Neale EP. The Effect of Non-Oil Seed Legume Intake on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:637-651. [PMID: 37031751 PMCID: PMC10334154 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a primary modifiable risk factor for CVD, whereby even small reductions in blood pressure (BP) can decrease risk for CVD events. Modification of dietary patterns is an established, nonpharmacologic approach for the prevention and management of hypertension. Legumes are a prevailing component of dietary patterns associated with lower BP in observational research, but there is a need to understand the effects of legume consumption on BP. This study aimed to synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the effects of non-oil seed legume consumption on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (PROSPERO registration: CRD42021237732). We searched CINAHL, Cochrane, Medline, and PubMed scientific databases from inception through November 2022. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to assess the mean differences (MDs) for each outcome variable between legume-based and comparator diets. This review included 16 RCTs and 1092 participants. Studies ranged in duration (4-52 wk), participant age (17-75 y), and weekly legume dose (450-3150 g) in whole or powdered form. No significant overall effect between legume consumption and BP amelioration was observed in the meta-analysis (SBP-MD: -1.06 mm Hg; 95% CI: -2.57, 0.4410 mm Hg; I2 = 45%; DBP-MD: -0.48 mm Hg; 95% CI: -1.06, 0.10 mm Hg; I2 = 0%). The certainty of evidence was determined as low for SBP and DBP. Significant subgroup differences in SBP were found when studies were grouped according to participant BMI, with SBP reduction found for participants with overweight/obese BMI (MD -2.79 mm Hg, 95% CI: -4.68, -0.90 mm Hg). There is a need for large, high-quality trials to clearly define the benefits and mechanisms of legume consumption in BP management. Consideration of the relevance in individuals with obesity, overweight, and hypertension may also be warranted. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021237732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gynette L Reyneke
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eleanor J Beck
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kelly Lambert
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth P Neale
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
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Karimi E, Abaj F, Gholizadeh M, Asbaghi O, Amini M, Ghaedi E, Hadi A. Watermelon consumption decreases risk factors of cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023:110801. [PMID: 37369281 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effects of watermelon supplementation on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk factors in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The comprehensive search was done in Cochrane Library databases, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus up to March 2022. A random-effect model was used for computing weighted mean differences (WMD). Standard methods were applied to examine publication bias, sensitivity analysis, and heterogeneity. Of the 8962 identified studies, 9 RCTs were included in the final analysis. Watermelon consumption significantly decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). In addition, watermelon consumption led to a significant increase in fasting blood sugar (FBS). However, there was not any significant difference in other outcomes of interest including diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), BMI, body fat, and serum levels of arginine, insulin, and CRP after watermelon supplementation. The current findings provide promising evidence of the antihypertensive effect of watermelon. However, due to the lack of evidence in human research, the result regarding the remaining outcomes needs to be used with caution. Furter RCTs with longer follow-ups and larger sample sizes should be done to confirm the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Karimi
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Faezeh Abaj
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Gholizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Hadi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yu Y, Wang P, Ren Z, Xue Y, Jia Y, Wang W, Liu M, Pan K, Xiao L, Ji D, Wang X. A low-salt diet with candesartan administration is associated with acute kidney injury in nephritis by increasing nitric oxide. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114484. [PMID: 36921530 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A low-salt diet may activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and is often applied simultaneously with RAAS inhibitors, especially for treatment of proteinuric nephritis. To explore the effect of a low-salt diet combined with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) on kidney function, the proteinuric nephritis model was induced by single intravenous injection of doxorubicin, and then the SD rats were administrated with candesartan intraperitoneal injection and fed with different salt diets. Rats with low-salt plus candesartan, not either alone, experienced acute kidney injury (AKI) at day 7 and could not self-restore when extending the experiment time from 7 days to 21 days, unless switching low-salt to normal-salt. Among three nitric oxide synthetases (NOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS) was obviously elevated and PI3K-Akt-eNOS signal pathway was activated. NG-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME), an eNOS inhibitor, reversed the decreased blood pressure and recovered the kidney dysfunction induced by low-salt with candesartan. The increased TUNEL-positive cells, Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase3 protein abundance was ameliorated by L-NAME in vivo. In vitro, sodium nitroprusside, a nitric oxide donor, can also increase Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase3 protein level in HK-2 cell. Thus, low-salt diet combined with candesartan in nephritis rats led to AKI, and the mechanism involved the increase of eNOS/NO, which linked to the decrease of blood pressure and the increase of apoptosis. This study provides practical guidance for salt intake in cases of RAS inhibitor usage clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Nephrology, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- The Core Laboratory, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyun Ren
- The Core Laboratory, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Xue
- The Core Laboratory, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yutao Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwan Wang
- The Core Laboratory, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingda Liu
- The Core Laboratory, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kueiching Pan
- Department of Nursing, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leijuan Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Daxi Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; The Core Laboratory, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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6
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Park HY, Kim SW, Seo J, Jung YP, Kim H, Kim AJ, Kim S, Lim K. Dietary Arginine and Citrulline Supplements for Cardiovascular Health and Athletic Performance: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:1268. [PMID: 36904267 PMCID: PMC10005484 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The global market for nutritional supplements (NS) is growing rapidly, and the use of L-arginine (Arg), L-citrulline (Cit), and citrulline malate (CitMal) supplements has been shown to enhance cardiovascular health and athletic performance. Over the past decade, Arg, Cit, and CitMal supplements have received considerable attention from researchers in the field of exercise nutrition, who have investigated their potential effects on hemodynamic function, endothelial function, aerobic and anaerobic capacity, strength, power, and endurance. Previous studies were reviewed to determine the potential impact of Arg, Cit, and CitMal supplements on cardiovascular health and exercise performance. By synthesizing the existing literature, the study aimed to provide insight into the possible uses and limitations of these supplements for these purposes. The results showed that both recreational and trained athletes did not see improved physical performance or increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis with 0.075 g or 6 g doses of Arg supplement per body weight. However, 2.4 to 6 g of Cit per day for 7 to 16 days of various NSs had a positive impact, increasing NO synthesis, enhancing athletic performance indicators, and reducing feelings of exertion. The effects of an 8 g acute dose of CitMal supplement were inconsistent, and more research is needed to determine its impact on muscle endurance performance. Based on the positive effects reported in previous studies, further testing is warranted in various populations that may benefit from nutritional supplements, including aerobic and anaerobic athletes, resistance-trained individuals, elderly people, and clinical populations, to determine the impact of different doses, timing of ingestion, and long-term and acute effects of Arg, Cit, and CitMal supplements on cardiovascular health and athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun-Young Park
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Seo
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanghoon P. Jung
- CJ CheilJedang Food & Nutrition Tech, Jung-gu, Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Kim
- CJ CheilJedang Food & Nutrition Tech, Jung-gu, Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Jin Kim
- CJ CheilJedang Food & Nutrition Tech, Jung-gu, Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea
| | - Sonwoo Kim
- CJ CheilJedang Food & Nutrition Tech, Jung-gu, Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Huang Y, Gong J, Dong L, Yang J, Lu S, Lai XH, Pu J, Jin D, Xu J. Gordonia zhenghanii sp. nov. and Gordonia liuliyuniae sp. nov., isolated from bat faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Four mesophilic actinobacteria (HY002T, HY442, HY366T and HY285) isolated from the faeces of bats collected in southern China were found to be strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, oxidase-negative, Gram-stain-positive and catalase-positive. Strains HY002T and HY366T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and MK-9(H2) the sole respiratory quinone. Arabinose, galactose and ribose were detected in the whole-cell hydrolysates of both type strains. The main cellular fatty acids (> 10.0%) of all strains were C16 : 0, C18 : 1
ω9c, 10-methyl-C18 : 0 and summed feature 3. Strains HY002T and HY366T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidyl inositol mannosides as the major polar lipids. The phylogenetic/phylogenomic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and genomic sequence comparison revealed that the four strains belong to the genus
Gordonia
, most closely related to
G. neofelifaecis
NRRL B-59395T(98.2–98.3% sequence similarity) on the EzBioCloud database. The G+C contents of strains HY002T and HY366T based on genomic DNA were 66.5 and 66.9%, respectively. The DNA–DNA relatedness values between the two types strains and members of the genus
Gordonia
were far below 70 % (18.6–23.1 %). All genotypic and phenotypic data indicated that the four strains are representatives of two novel separate species, for which the names Gordonia zhenghanii sp. nov. and Gordonia liuliyuniae sp. nov. are proposed, with HY002T (=CGMCC 4 7757T=JCM 34 878T) and HY366T (=CGMCC 1 19146T=JCM 34 879T) as the respective type strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Lingzhi Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xin-He Lai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, PR China
| | - Ji Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Dong Jin
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100083, PR China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Research Institute of Public Health, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
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Kurtz T, Pravenec M, DiCarlo S. Mechanism-based strategies to prevent salt sensitivity and salt-induced hypertension. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:599-620. [PMID: 35452099 PMCID: PMC9069470 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High-salt diets are a major cause of hypertension and cardiovascular (CV) disease. Many governments are interested in using food salt reduction programs to reduce the risk for salt-induced increases in blood pressure and CV events. It is assumed that reducing the salt concentration of processed foods will substantially reduce mean salt intake in the general population. However, contrary to expectations, reducing the sodium density of nearly all foods consumed in England by 21% had little or no effect on salt intake in the general population. This may be due to the fact that in England, as in other countries including the U.S.A., mean salt intake is already close to the lower normal physiologic limit for mean salt intake of free-living populations. Thus, mechanism-based strategies for preventing salt-induced increases in blood pressure that do not solely depend on reducing salt intake merit attention. It is now recognized that the initiation of salt-induced increases in blood pressure often involves a combination of normal increases in sodium balance, blood volume and cardiac output together with abnormal vascular resistance responses to increased salt intake. Therefore, preventing either the normal increases in sodium balance and cardiac output, or the abnormal vascular resistance responses to salt, can prevent salt-induced increases in blood pressure. Suboptimal nutrient intake is a common cause of the hemodynamic disturbances mediating salt-induced hypertension. Accordingly, efforts to identify and correct the nutrient deficiencies that promote salt sensitivity hold promise for decreasing population risk of salt-induced hypertension without requiring reductions in salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore W. Kurtz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94017-0134, U.S.A
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen E. DiCarlo
- Department of Physiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
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Eight Days of L-Citrulline or L-Arginine Supplementation Did Not Improve 200-m and 100-m Swimming Time Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084462. [PMID: 35457330 PMCID: PMC9032797 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of L-citrulline or L-arginine supplementation on exercise performance are equivocal, and the effects on swimming performance are unclear. We aimed to assess whether 8-day supplementation with L-arginine or L-citrulline supplementation would improve 200 m and 100 m freestyle swimming time-trial performances. After the baseline trial (first visit), in a double-blind, randomised design, 15 trained/developmental (5 females) swimmers and triathletes were assigned to three groups and underwent an 8-day supplementation period, with a daily dose of either 8 gr L-arginine (Arg, n = 5) or L-citrulline (Cit, n = 5) or placebo (Pla, n = 5). On day 9, participants completed experimental trial (second visit). In each trial, after blood sampling, participants performed both 200 m and 100 m freestyle swimming time-trials, with 30 min recovery between trials. Plasma nitric oxide (NOx) and blood lactate concentrations (BLa) were collected immediately before and after 200 m and 100 m TTs, respectively. No significant difference was observed in NOx between groups (p = 0.201). There was no significant difference in 200 m (p = 0.226) and 100 m swimming time-trials (p = 0.993) between groups. There was a main effect of time on BLa concentration (p < 0.001), but no trial × group (p = 0.243) and trial × lactate × group interaction effect (p = 0.276) was present. Furthermore, 8-day either L-citrulline or L-arginine supplementation did not enhance middle (200 m) and short-distance (100 m) swimming performance in trained/developmental swimmers and triathletes. These findings do not support the use of L-citrulline or L-arginine supplementation as ergogenic aids for swimming performance.
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10
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Shiraseb F, Asbaghi O, Bagheri R, Wong A, Figueroa A, Mirzaei K. Effect of l-Arginine Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Adults: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:1226-1242. [PMID: 34967840 PMCID: PMC9340976 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A decade-old meta-analytic work indicated that l-arginine supplementation might have a blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect in different populations. However, several relevant investigations have emerged in the last 10 y, and an up-to-date systematic review and meta-analysis on this topic is currently lacking. Therefore, we aimed to examine the impact of l-arginine supplementation on BP by conducting a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials (RCTs). We searched online databases using relevant keywords up to April 2021 to identify RCTs using oral l-arginine on systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in adults. Inclusion criteria were adult participants and an intervention duration ≥4 d. Exclusion criteria were the use of l-arginine infusion and acute interventions. A random-effects model was used to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI. Twenty-two RCTs with 30 effect sizes were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis demonstrated significant decreases in SBP (WMD = -6.40 mmHg; 95% CI: -8.74, -4.05; P < 0.001) and DBP (WMD = -2.64 mmHg; 95% CI: -3.94, -1.40; P < 0.001) after l-arginine supplementation. Subgroup analysis showed significant reductions in SBP and DBP regardless of baseline BP category (normotensive, hypertensive), study duration (≤24 d, >24 d), sex (female, male), health status (healthy, unhealthy), and BMI (normal, overweight, obese). No significant changes were observed with dosages >9 g/d, trial duration >24 d, or in obese individuals. l-Arginine supplementation also appears to decrease DBP more effectively in females than in males. Moreover, meta-regression analysis for DBP demonstrated a significant relation between the dose of l-arginine intake and changes in DBP (P = 0.020). In the nonlinear dose-response analysis, the effective dosage of l-arginine supplementation was detected to be ≥4 g/d for SBP (P = 0.034), independent of trial duration. Overall, l-arginine supplementation may be effective for decreasing BP. This study was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021242772.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Arturo Figueroa
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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11
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Costa G, Shushanof M, Bouskela E, Bottino D. Oral L-Arginine (5 g/day) for 14 Days Improves Microcirculatory Function in Healthy Young Women and Healthy and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Elderly Women. J Vasc Res 2021; 59:24-33. [PMID: 34784595 DOI: 10.1159/000519428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oral supplementation with L-arginine on serum biochemical profile, blood pressure, microcirculation, and vasoreactivity/endothelial function in young controls, and elderly women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Healthy young (n = 25), healthy elderly (n = 25), and elderly women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DME, n = 23, glycated Hb ≥6.4% and mean of 7.7 years for duration of the disease), aged 18-30 and older than 65 years, respectively, were included in the study. All patients underwent biochemical analysis (fasting glycemia and lipidogram), arterial blood pressure, nailfold videocapillaroscopy (capillary diameters, functional capillary density [FCD], peak red blood cell velocity [RBCVmax] after 1 min ischemia, time to reach peak RBCV [TRBCVmax]), and venous occlusion plethysmography (vasoreactivity), before and after 14 days of oral supplementation with L-arginine (5 g/day). RESULTS L-Arginine did not change fasting glycemia and lipidogram, but it decreased systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure in elderly women, increased RBCVmax in all groups, and did not decrease TRBCVmax in T2DME. Capillary diameters and FCD remained unchanged in all groups. L-Arginine improved vasoreactivity during reactive hyperemia and after sublingual nitroglycerin (0.4 mg) in all groups. CONCLUSION L-Arginine supplementation (5g/day during 14 days) was able to improve vascular/microvascular health in the elderly women with or without T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerusa Costa
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (BIOVASC/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro (PGCM/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milenna Shushanof
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (BIOVASC/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (BIOVASC/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bottino
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro (BIOVASC/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro (PGCM/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Lin SL, Lin M, Wang KL, Kuo HW, Tak T. l -Arginine Can Enhance the Beneficial Effect of Losartan in Patients with Chronic Aortic Regurgitation and Isolated Systolic Hypertension. Int J Angiol 2021; 30:122-131. [PMID: 34054270 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about the effects of angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) therapy on the hemodynamic and cardiac structure in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation (CAR) and isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is limited. This study planned to test the hypothesis that l -arginine could further enhance the beneficial effect of an ARB, losartan, and provide a favorable effect on the natural history of CAR and ISH. Sixty patients with CAR and ISH were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind trial comparing hemodynamic and ultrasonic change in two treatment arms: losartan + l -arginine and losartan-only treated groups. Serial echocardiographic and hemodynamic studies were evaluated before and after treatment. Both groups had a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), LV end-systolic volume index (LVESVI), LV mass index (LVMI), and LV mean wall stress after 6- and 12-month treatment ( p <0.01 in all comparisons). Both groups had a significant increase in LV ejection fraction and exercise duration after 6- and 12-month treatment ( p < 0.01 in all comparisons). Using multivariate linear regression analysis, only losartan + l -arginine therapy achieved a significantly lower LVESVI (38.89 ± 0.23 mL/m 2 ), LVEDVI (102.3 ± 0.3 mL/m 2 ), LVMI (107.6 ± 0.3 g/m 2 ), SBP (123.5 ± 1.0 mm Hg), and greater exercise duration (7.38 ± 0.02 minutes) than those of the losartan-only treated groups ( p <0.01 in all comparisons). These findings suggest that early co-administrative strategy provides a beneficial approach to favorably influence the natural history of CAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoa-Lin Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Mike Lin
- Department of Medicine, Gou-Zen Hospital, Pingtong City, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsien-Wen Kuo
- Institute of Occupation and Environment Health Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tahir Tak
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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13
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Karimi E, Hatami E, Ghavami A, Hadi A, Darand M, Askari G. Effects of L-arginine supplementation on biomarkers of glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 129:700-710. [PMID: 33426939 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1863991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present meta-analysis aimed to determine the effectiveness of L-arginine supplementation in improving biomarkers of glycemic control in adults. Electronic databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Collaboration Library were searched up to January 2020. The meta-analysis of twelve randomised clinical trials indicated that L-arginine had no significant effect on serum fasting blood sugar (FBS) (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -3.38 mg/dl, 95% CI: -6.79 to 0.04, p = .53), serum insulin (WMD: -0.12 Hedges' g 95% CI: -0.33 to 0.09, p = .27), glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; WMD: -0.04%, 95% CI: -0.25 to 0.17, p = .71), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (WMD: -0.48, 95% CI: -1.15 to 0.19, p = .15). Although several animal studies have proposed that L-arginine supplementation might improve blood glucose control, the present study could not confirm this benefit in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Karimi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Research Development Center, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Hatami
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Medicine Research Center, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Darand
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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14
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Role of L-Arginine in Nitric Oxide Synthesis and Health in Humans. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1332:167-187. [PMID: 34251644 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74180-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As a functional amino acid (AA), L-arginine (Arg) serves not only as a building block of protein but also as an essential substrate for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), creatine, polyamines, homoarginine, and agmatine in mammals (including humans). NO (a major vasodilator) increases blood flow to tissues. Arg and its metabolites play important roles in metabolism and physiology. Arg is required to maintain the urea cycle in the active state to detoxify ammonia. This AA also activates cellular mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) and focal adhesion kinase cell signaling pathways in mammals, thereby stimulating protein synthesis, inhibiting autophagy and proteolysis, enhancing cell migration and wound healing, promoting spermatogenesis and sperm quality, improving conceptus survival and growth, and augmenting the production of milk proteins. Although Arg is formed de novo from glutamine/glutamate and proline in humans, these synthetic pathways do not provide sufficient Arg in infants or adults. Thus, humans and other animals do have dietary needs of Arg for optimal growth, development, lactation, and fertility. Much evidence shows that oral administration of Arg within the physiological range can confer health benefits to both men and women by increasing NO synthesis and thus blood flow in tissues (e.g., skeletal muscle and the corpora cavernosa of the penis). NO is a vasodilator, a neurotransmitter, a regulator of nutrient metabolism, and a killer of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses [including coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing COVID-19). Thus, Arg supplementation can enhance immunity, anti-infectious, and anti-oxidative responses, fertility, wound healing, ammonia detoxification, nutrient digestion and absorption, lean tissue mass, and brown adipose tissue development; ameliorate metabolic syndromes (including dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension); and treat individuals with erectile dysfunction, sickle cell disease, muscular dystrophy, and pre-eclampsia.
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15
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Eslampour E, Asbaghi O, Hadi A, Abedi S, Ghaedi E, Lazaridi AV, Miraghajani M. The effect of almond intake on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2020; 50:102399. [PMID: 32444059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed determine the efficacy of almond intake on blood pressure (BP). METHODS PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane library and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched to infinity until December 2019. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) reporting effects of almond intake on aortic and brachial BP were included. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) were pooled using a random-effects model. Standard methods were used for assessment of heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias. RESULTS A total of 16 RCTs (1128 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis suggested that almond intake can reduced diastolic BP (DBP) (WMD = -1.30 mmHg; 95 % CI: -2.31,-0.30, p = 0.01, I2 = 0.0 %). However, there was not any impact of almond intake on systolic BP (SBP) (WMD = -0.83 mmHg; 95 % CI: -2.55, 0.89, p = 0.34, I2 = 58.9 %). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant reduction in SBP levels in subjects with lower SBP and lower dose of almonds. CONCLUSION We found that almonds might have a considerable favorite effect in BP and especially in DBP, and it could be encouraged as part of a healthy diet; however due to the high calorie content, the intake should be part of healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Eslampour
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Abedi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Anastasia-Viktoria Lazaridi
- The Early Life Research Unit, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, The School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; The Early Life Research Unit, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, The School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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16
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Cuevas S, Villar VAM, Jose PA. Genetic polymorphisms associated with reactive oxygen species and blood pressure regulation. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2019; 19:315-336. [PMID: 30723314 PMCID: PMC6650341 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-019-0082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent cause of cardiovascular disease and kidney failure, but only about 50% of patients achieve adequate blood pressure control, in part, due to inter-individual genetic variations in the response to antihypertensive medication. Significant strides have been made toward the understanding of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. However, the role of ROS in human hypertension is still unclear. Polymorphisms of some genes involved in the regulation of ROS production are associated with hypertension, suggesting their potential influence on blood pressure control and response to antihypertensive medication. This review provides an update on the genes associated with the regulation of ROS production in hypertension and discusses the controversies on the use of antioxidants in the treatment of hypertension, including the antioxidant effects of antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Cuevas
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter G. Ross Hall, Suite 738, 2300 I Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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17
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Morris RC, Pravenec M, Šilhavý J, DiCarlo SE, Kurtz TW. Small Amounts of Inorganic Nitrate or Beetroot Provide Substantial Protection From Salt-Induced Increases in Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2019; 73:1042-1048. [PMID: 30917704 PMCID: PMC6458074 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the risk of salt-induced hypertension, medical authorities have emphasized dietary guidelines promoting high intakes of potassium and low intakes of salt that provide molar ratios of potassium to salt of ≥1:1. However, during the past several decades, relatively few people have changed their eating habits sufficiently to reach the recommended dietary goals for salt and potassium. Thus, new strategies that reduce the risk of salt-induced hypertension without requiring major changes in dietary habits would be of considerable medical interest. In the current studies in a widely used model of salt-induced hypertension, the Dahl salt-sensitive rat, we found that supplemental dietary sodium nitrate confers substantial protection from initiation of salt-induced hypertension when the molar ratio of added nitrate to added salt is only ≈1:170. Provision of a low molar ratio of added nitrate to added salt of ≈1:110 by supplementing the diet with beetroot also conferred substantial protection against salt-induced increases in blood pressure. The results suggest that on a molar basis and a weight basis, dietary nitrate may be ≈100× more potent than dietary potassium with respect to providing substantial resistance to the pressor effects of increased salt intake. Given that leafy green and root vegetables contain large amounts of inorganic nitrate, these findings raise the possibility that fortification of salty food products with small amounts of a nitrate-rich vegetable concentrate may provide a simple method for reducing risk for salt-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Curtis Morris
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA, 94143
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, 14220
| | - Jan Šilhavý
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, 14220
| | - Stephen E. DiCarlo
- Department of Physiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA, 48824
| | - Theodore W. Kurtz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA, 94107-0134
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Bahrami D, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Zavar-Reza J. The effect of oral L-arginine supplementation on lipid profile, glycemic status, and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-180233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davood Bahrami
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Yazd Diabetic Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Javad Zavar-Reza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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19
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Motta NAV, Fumian MM, Medeiros RF, Lima GF, Scaramello CBV, Oliveira KJ, Nóbrega ACL, Brito FCF. Aerobic Training Associated with Arginine Supplementation Reduces Collagen-Induced Platelet Hyperaggregability in Rats under High Risk to Develop Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:8919435. [PMID: 30723500 PMCID: PMC6339713 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8919435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased platelet response is seen in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Previous reports have shown that arginine supplementation and aerobic exercise training enhance vascular nitric oxide (NO) activity and inhibit platelet hyperaggregability; however, the effects of their association remain unknown. AIM To investigate whether arginine supplementation and aerobic exercise association may exert beneficial effects, reducing platelet hyperaggregability in rats under high risk to develop metabolic syndrome. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control (C) and fructose (F - water with 10% of fructose). After two weeks, the F group was subdivided into four groups: F, the same as before; fructose + arginine (FA - 880 mg/kg/day of L-arginine by gavage); fructose + training (FT); and fructose + arginine + training (FTA). Treatment lasted for eight weeks. RESULTS The fructose administration was able to increase the collagen-induced platelet aggregation (27.4 ± 2.7%) when compared to the C group (8.0 ± 3.4%). Although the arginine supplementation (32.2 ± 6.3%) or aerobic training (23.8 ± 6.5%) did not promote any change in platelet collagen-induced hyperaggregability, the association of arginine supplementation and aerobic exercise promoted an inhibition of the platelet hyperaggregability induced by fructose administration (13.9 ± 4.4%) (P < 0.05). These effects were not observed when ADP was employed as an agonist. In addition, arginine supplementation associated with aerobic exercise promoted a decrease in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) serum levels when compared to the fructose group, demonstrating an anti-inflammatory effect. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate an important role of arginine supplementation associated with aerobic exercise, reducing platelet hyperaggregability and inflammatory biomarker levels in rats under high risk to develop metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia A. V. Motta
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, 24420-210 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Milla M. Fumian
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, 24420-210 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata F. Medeiros
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), 24420-210 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel F. Lima
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, 24420-210 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christianne B. V. Scaramello
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, 24420-210 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), 24420-210 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karen J. Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), 24420-210 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio C. L. Nóbrega
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), 24420-210 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C. F. Brito
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, 24420-210 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), 24420-210 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Role of Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular and Renal Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092605. [PMID: 30177600 PMCID: PMC6164974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gasotransmitters are a family of gaseous signaling molecules which are produced endogenously and act at specific receptors to play imperative roles in physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. As a well-known gasotransmitter along with hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide, nitric oxide (NO) has earned repute as a potent vasodilator also known as endothelium-derived vasorelaxant factor (EDRF). NO has been studied in greater detail, from its synthesis and mechanism of action to its physiologic, pathologic, and pharmacologic roles in different disease states. Different animal models have been applied to investigate the beneficial effects of NO as an antihypertensive, renoprotective, and antihypertrophic agent. NO and its interaction with different systems like the renin–angiotensin system, sympathetic nervous system, and other gaseous transmitters like hydrogen sulfide are also well studied. However, links that appear to exist between the endocannabinoid (EC) and NO systems remain to be fully explored. Experimental approaches using modulators of its synthesis including substrate, donors, and inhibitors of the synthesis of NO will be useful for establishing the relationship between the NO and EC systems in the cardiovascular and renal systems. Being a potent vasodilator, NO may be unique among therapeutic options for management of hypertension and resulting renal disease and left ventricular hypertrophy. Inclusion of NO modulators in clinical practice may be useful not only as curatives for particular diseases but also for arresting disease prognoses through its interactions with other systems.
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Arginine impairs endothelial and executive function in older subjects with cardiovascular risk. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 12:723-731. [PMID: 30057253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling, the relationship between cerebral blood flow and neuronal activity, is attenuated in patients with impaired executive function. We tested the hypothesis that peripheral vascular function may associate with executive function in older subjects with cardiovascular risk factors and that treatment with the antioxidant L-arginine would improve both vascular and executive function. Nineteen subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or controlled hypertension were enrolled. Subjects were treated with L-arginine or placebo for 4 days in a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over study. Brachial artery vascular function, peripheral artery tonometry, and Trail Making Test Part B testing were performed on day 1 and day 4 during each condition. L-arginine significantly reduced the digital reactive hyperemia index, and the comparison of changes against placebo was significant (P = .01). With executive function testing, we observed a significant interaction between treatment and order. Restricting the analysis to the first treatment period, subjects treated with placebo decreased their Trail Making Test Part B times by 57.3 ± 52.5 seconds from day 1 to day 4 (P = .01) while those treated with arginine had no significant change (6.4 ± 18.4 seconds worse, P = .37). In addition, L-arginine was associated with increased mean arterial pressure from 88 ± 9 mm Hg to 92 ± 11 mm Hg, which trended toward significance. L-arginine treatment worsened digital microvascular and executive function in older subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. These data further support a link between vascular and executive function.
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Functional foods for augmenting nitric oxide activity and reducing the risk for salt-induced hypertension and cardiovascular disease in Japan. J Cardiol 2018; 72:42-49. [PMID: 29544657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High salt intake is one of the major dietary determinants of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in Japan and throughout the world. Although dietary salt restriction may be of clinical benefit in salt-sensitive individuals, many individuals may not wish, or be able to, reduce their intake of salt. Thus, identification of functional foods that can help protect against mechanistic abnormalities mediating salt-induced hypertension is an issue of considerable medical and scientific interest. According to the "vasodysfunction" theory of salt-induced hypertension, the hemodynamic abnormality initiating salt-induced increases in blood pressure usually involves subnormal vasodilation and abnormally increased vascular resistance in response to increased salt intake. Because disturbances in nitric oxide activity can contribute to subnormal vasodilator responses to increased salt intake that often mediate blood pressure salt sensitivity, increased intake of functional foods that support nitric oxide activity may help to reduce the risk for salt-induced hypertension. Mounting evidence indicates that increased consumption of traditional Japanese vegetables and other vegetables with high nitrate content such as table beets and kale can promote the formation of nitric oxide through an endothelial independent pathway that involves reduction of dietary nitrate to nitrite and nitric oxide. In addition, recent studies in animal models have demonstrated that modest increases in nitrate intake can protect against the initiation of salt-induced hypertension. These observations are: (1) consistent with the view that increased intake of many traditional Japanese vegetables and other nitrate rich vegetables, and of functional foods derived from such vegetables, may help maintain healthy blood pressure despite a high salt diet; (2) support government recommendations to increase vegetable intake in the Japanese population.
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Brooks JR, Oketch-Rabah H, Low Dog T, Gorecki DKJ, Barrett ML, Cantilena L, Chung M, Costello RB, Dwyer J, Hardy ML, Jordan SA, Maughan RJ, Marles RJ, Osterberg RE, Rodda BE, Wolfe RR, Zuniga JM, Valerio LG, Jones D, Deuster P, Giancaspro GI, Sarma ND. Safety and performance benefits of arginine supplements for military personnel: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2017; 74:708-721. [PMID: 27753625 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Dietary supplements are widely used by military personnel and civilians for promotion of health. OBJECTIVE The objective of this evidence-based review was to examine whether supplementation with l-arginine, in combination with caffeine and/or creatine, is safe and whether it enhances athletic performance or improves recovery from exhaustion for military personnel. DATA SOURCES Information from clinical trials and adverse event reports were collected from 17 databases and 5 adverse event report portals. STUDY SELECTION Studies and reports were included if they evaluated the safety and the putative outcomes of enhanced performance or improved recovery from exhaustion associated with the intake of arginine alone or in combination with caffeine and/or creatine in healthy adults aged 19 to 50 years. DATA EXTRACTION Information related to population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes was abstracted. Of the 2687 articles screened, 62 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Strength of evidence was assessed in terms of risk of bias, consistency, directness, and precision. RESULTS Most studies had few participants and suggested risk of bias that could negatively affect the results. l-Arginine supplementation provided little enhancement of athletic performance or improvements in recovery. Short-term supplementation with arginine may result in adverse gastrointestinal and cardiovascular effects. No information about the effects of arginine on the performance of military personnel was available. CONCLUSIONS The available information does not support the use of l-arginine, either alone or in combination with caffeine, creatine, or both, to enhance athletic performance or improve recovery from exhaustion. Given the information gaps, an evidence-based review to assess the safety or effectiveness of multi-ingredient dietary supplements was not feasible, and therefore the development of a computational model-based approach to predict the safety of multi-ingredient dietary supplements is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Brooks
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hellen Oketch-Rabah
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tieraona Low Dog
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dennis K J Gorecki
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marilyn L Barrett
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Louis Cantilena
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mei Chung
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca B Costello
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Johanna Dwyer
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary L Hardy
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott A Jordan
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ronald J Maughan
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robin J Marles
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert E Osterberg
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bruce E Rodda
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert R Wolfe
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jorge M Zuniga
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luis G Valerio
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Donnamaria Jones
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia Deuster
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabriel I Giancaspro
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nandakumara D Sarma
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Arginine and aerobic training prevent endothelial and metabolic alterations in rats at high risk for the development of the metabolic syndrome. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:1-10. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEndothelial function is a key mechanism in the development of CVD. Arginine and exercise are important non-pharmacological strategies for mitigating the impact of metabolic changes in the metabolic syndrome, but the effect of their combined administration is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the isolated and combined effects of aerobic training and arginine supplementation on metabolic variables and vascular reactivity in rats at high risk for developing the metabolic syndrome. Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control and fructose (F – water with 10 % fructose). After 2 weeks, the F group was divided into four groups: F, fructose+arginine (FA, 880 mg/kg per d of l-arginine), fructose+training (FT) and fructose+arginine+training (FTA); treatments lasted for 8 weeks, and no difference was observed in body mass gain. Arginine did not improve the body protein content, and both the FA and FT groups show a reversal of the increase in adipose tissue. Insulin increase was prevented by training and arginine, without additive effect, and the increase in serum TAG was prevented only by training. The F group showed impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation and hyperreactivity to phenylephrine, but arginine and training were capable of preventing these effects, even separately. Higher nitric oxide level was observed in the FA and FT groups, and no potentiating effect was detected. Thus, only training was able to prevent the increase in TAG and improve the protein mass, and training and arginine exert similar effects on fat content, insulin and endothelial function, but these effects are not additive.
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Ozawa M, Yoshida D, Hata J, Ohara T, Mukai N, Shibata M, Uchida K, Nagata M, Kitazono T, Kiyohara Y, Ninomiya T. Dietary Protein Intake and Stroke Risk in a General Japanese Population: The Hisayama Study. Stroke 2017; 48:1478-1486. [PMID: 28487340 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.016059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The influence of dietary protein intake on stroke risk is an area of interest. We investigated the association between dietary protein intake and stroke risk in Japanese, considering sources of protein. METHODS A total of 2400 subjects aged 40 to 79 years were followed up for 19 years. Dietary protein intake was estimated using a 70-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The risk estimates for incident stroke and its subtypes were calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS During the follow-up, 254 participants experienced stroke events; of these, 172 had ischemic stroke, and 58 had intracerebral hemorrhage. Higher total protein intake was significantly associated with lower risks of stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage (both P for trend <0.05). With regard to sources of protein, the risks of total stroke and ischemic stroke significantly decreased by 40% (95% confidence interval, 12%-59%) and 40% (5%-62%), respectively, in subjects with the highest quartile of vegetable protein intake compared with those with the lowest one. In contrast, subjects with the highest quartile of animal protein intake had a 53% (4%-77%) lower risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. Vegetable protein intake was positively correlated with intakes of soybean products, vegetable, and algae, whereas animal protein intake was positively correlated with intakes of fish, meat, eggs, and milk/dairy products. Both types of protein intakes were negatively correlated with intakes of rice and alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that higher dietary protein intake is associated with a reduced risk of stroke in the general Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Ozawa
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.O., D.Y., J.H., T.O., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Center for Cohort Studies (D.Y., J.H., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (J.H., N.M., T.K.), and Department of Neuropsychiatry (T.O.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Health Promotion, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Nakamura-Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.U.); Food Science Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co, Ltd, Odawara, Japan (M.N.); and Hisayama Research Institute for Lifestyle Diseases, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.K.)
| | - Daigo Yoshida
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.O., D.Y., J.H., T.O., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Center for Cohort Studies (D.Y., J.H., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (J.H., N.M., T.K.), and Department of Neuropsychiatry (T.O.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Health Promotion, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Nakamura-Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.U.); Food Science Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co, Ltd, Odawara, Japan (M.N.); and Hisayama Research Institute for Lifestyle Diseases, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.K.)
| | - Jun Hata
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.O., D.Y., J.H., T.O., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Center for Cohort Studies (D.Y., J.H., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (J.H., N.M., T.K.), and Department of Neuropsychiatry (T.O.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Health Promotion, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Nakamura-Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.U.); Food Science Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co, Ltd, Odawara, Japan (M.N.); and Hisayama Research Institute for Lifestyle Diseases, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.K.)
| | - Tomoyuki Ohara
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.O., D.Y., J.H., T.O., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Center for Cohort Studies (D.Y., J.H., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (J.H., N.M., T.K.), and Department of Neuropsychiatry (T.O.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Health Promotion, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Nakamura-Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.U.); Food Science Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co, Ltd, Odawara, Japan (M.N.); and Hisayama Research Institute for Lifestyle Diseases, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.K.)
| | - Naoko Mukai
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.O., D.Y., J.H., T.O., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Center for Cohort Studies (D.Y., J.H., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (J.H., N.M., T.K.), and Department of Neuropsychiatry (T.O.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Health Promotion, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Nakamura-Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.U.); Food Science Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co, Ltd, Odawara, Japan (M.N.); and Hisayama Research Institute for Lifestyle Diseases, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.K.)
| | - Mao Shibata
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.O., D.Y., J.H., T.O., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Center for Cohort Studies (D.Y., J.H., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (J.H., N.M., T.K.), and Department of Neuropsychiatry (T.O.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Health Promotion, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Nakamura-Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.U.); Food Science Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co, Ltd, Odawara, Japan (M.N.); and Hisayama Research Institute for Lifestyle Diseases, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.K.)
| | - Kazuhiro Uchida
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.O., D.Y., J.H., T.O., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Center for Cohort Studies (D.Y., J.H., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (J.H., N.M., T.K.), and Department of Neuropsychiatry (T.O.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Health Promotion, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Nakamura-Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.U.); Food Science Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co, Ltd, Odawara, Japan (M.N.); and Hisayama Research Institute for Lifestyle Diseases, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.K.)
| | - Masashi Nagata
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.O., D.Y., J.H., T.O., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Center for Cohort Studies (D.Y., J.H., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (J.H., N.M., T.K.), and Department of Neuropsychiatry (T.O.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Health Promotion, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Nakamura-Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.U.); Food Science Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co, Ltd, Odawara, Japan (M.N.); and Hisayama Research Institute for Lifestyle Diseases, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.K.)
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.O., D.Y., J.H., T.O., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Center for Cohort Studies (D.Y., J.H., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (J.H., N.M., T.K.), and Department of Neuropsychiatry (T.O.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Health Promotion, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Nakamura-Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.U.); Food Science Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co, Ltd, Odawara, Japan (M.N.); and Hisayama Research Institute for Lifestyle Diseases, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.K.)
| | - Yutaka Kiyohara
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.O., D.Y., J.H., T.O., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Center for Cohort Studies (D.Y., J.H., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (J.H., N.M., T.K.), and Department of Neuropsychiatry (T.O.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Health Promotion, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Nakamura-Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.U.); Food Science Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co, Ltd, Odawara, Japan (M.N.); and Hisayama Research Institute for Lifestyle Diseases, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.K.)
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.O., D.Y., J.H., T.O., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Center for Cohort Studies (D.Y., J.H., N.M., M.S., T.N.), Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (J.H., N.M., T.K.), and Department of Neuropsychiatry (T.O.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Health Promotion, School of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Nakamura-Gakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan (K.U.); Food Science Research Laboratories, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co, Ltd, Odawara, Japan (M.N.); and Hisayama Research Institute for Lifestyle Diseases, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.K.).
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Chen X, Gao C, Guo L, Hu G, Luo Q, Liu J, Nielsen J, Chen J, Liu L. DCEO Biotechnology: Tools To Design, Construct, Evaluate, and Optimize the Metabolic Pathway for Biosynthesis of Chemicals. Chem Rev 2017; 118:4-72. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulai Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cong Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liang Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guipeng Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiuling Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
- Novo
Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jian Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Department
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg SE-412 96, Sweden
- Key
Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Yang G, Chu PL, Rump LC, Le TH, Stegbauer J. ACE2 and the Homolog Collectrin in the Modulation of Nitric Oxide and Oxidative Stress in Blood Pressure Homeostasis and Vascular Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:645-659. [PMID: 27889958 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hypertension is the leading risk factor causing mortality and morbidity worldwide. Angiotensin (Ang) II, the most active metabolite of the renin-angiotensin system, plays an outstanding role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and vascular injury. Activation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has shown to attenuate devastating effects of Ang II in the cardiovascular system by reducing Ang II degradation and increasing Ang-(1-7) generation leading to Mas receptor activation. Recent Advances: Activation of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis reduces hypertension and improves vascular injury mainly through an increased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and decreased reactive oxygen species production. Recent studies reported that shedding of the enzymatically active ectodomain of ACE2 from the cell surface seems to regulate its activity and serves as an interorgan communicator in cardiovascular disease. In addition, collectrin, an ACE2 homolog with no catalytic activity, regulates blood pressure through an NO-dependent mechanism. CRITICAL ISSUES Large body of experimental data confirmed sustained beneficial effects of ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis activation on hypertension and vascular injury. Experimental studies also suggest that activation of collectrin might be beneficial in hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. Their role in clinical hypertension is unclear as selective and reliable activators of both axes are not yet available. FUTURE DIRECTIONS This review will highlight the results of recent research progress that illustrate the role of both ACE and collectrin in the modulation of NO and oxidative stress in blood pressure homeostasis and vascular injury, providing evidence for the potential therapeutic application of ACE2 and collectrin in hypertension and vascular disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 645-659.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- 1 Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pei-Lun Chu
- 2 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia.,3 Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lars C Rump
- 1 Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thu H Le
- 2 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- 1 Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf, Germany
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29
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Krasniqi E, Boshnjaku A, Petrusevska Tozi L. Approved health claims for amino acids in/as food supplements. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2016. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2016.62.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Food supplements in the European Union (EU) were initially regulated by Directive 2002/46/EC, whereas in 2006, EU adopted the new Regulation on nutrition and health claims made on food – Regulation 1924/2006. Meanwhile, in the United States of America (USA), dietary supplement is defined by the congress of Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA, 1994). Food supplements can be beneficial to the health of consumers, but scientific reviews of the existing data should be made by competent authorities. In Europe, a scientific review is made by European Food and Safety Authority (EFSA), the Panel of Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA Panel). Amino-acids have been the object of many scientific studies, with many of them showing their implication in health. Amino-acids carry out a big role in many body functions, cells structure, transport and storage of nutrition, leading us to the main aim of this article that is providing data related to amino-acids implication in health benefits, specifically health claims of Arginine (Erection, vascular system, muscle integrity and hematopoesis immune system function, spermatogenesis), Glutamine (intestinal health, supporting glycogen replenishment, increasing cell swelling, immune health, abundance in the body, muscle function), Lysine (cardiovascular system, increase metabolism, bones, body tissue, immune system function). Nevertheless, they don`t take their credit yet and are not properly recognized in medical sciences in Europe, since the health claims of food containing amino-acids are still considered to be not established in terms of cause and effect relationship.
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Huguenin GV, Moreira AS, Siant'Pierre TD, Gonçalves RA, Rosa G, Oliveira GM, Luiz RR, Tibirica E. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Brazil Nuts on Microvascular Endothelial Function in Hypertensive and Dyslipidemic Patients: A Randomized Crossover Placebo-Controlled Trial. Microcirculation 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grazielle V.B. Huguenin
- Institute of the Heart Edson Saad; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Annie S.B. Moreira
- Department of Clinical Research; National Institute of Cardiology (INC); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Tatiana D. Siant'Pierre
- Chemistry Department; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. Gonçalves
- Chemistry Department; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Glorimar Rosa
- Institute of the Heart Edson Saad; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Glaucia M.M. Oliveira
- Institute of the Heart Edson Saad; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ronir R. Luiz
- Institute of the Heart Edson Saad; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tibirica
- Department of Clinical Research; National Institute of Cardiology (INC); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation; Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC); Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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31
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l-Arginine supplementation 0.5% of diet during the last 90 days of gestation and 14 days postpartum reduced uterine fluid accumulation in the broodmare. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 159:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
Collectrin (Tmem27) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed in the kidney and vascular endothelium. It is a homologue of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) but harbors no catalytic domain. In the extravascular tissues of the kidney, collectrin is localized to the proximal tubule and collecting duct. Collectrin-deficient mice are featured with hypertension and exaggerated salt sensitivity. These phenotypes are associated with impaired uptake of the nitric oxide precursor L-arginine and the expression of its amino acid transporters, CAT-1 and y(+)LAT1, in endothelial cells. In addition, collectrin-deficient mice display decreased dimerization of nitric oxide synthase and decreased nitric oxide synthesis, but enhanced superoxide generation, suggesting that deletion of collectrin leads to a state of nitric oxide synthase uncoupling. These findings suggest that collectrin plays a protective role against hypertension. The collectrin knockout mouse represents a unique model for hypertension research. Furthermore, collectrin may serve as a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertension.
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Shafaei A, Aisha AFA, Siddiqui MJA, Ismail Z. Analysis of L-citrulline and L-arginine in Ficus deltoidea leaf extracts by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacognosy Res 2015; 7:32-7. [PMID: 25598632 PMCID: PMC4285646 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.147196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ficus deltoidea (FD) is one of the native plants widely distributed in several countries in Southeast Asia. Previous studies have shown that FD leaf possess antinociceptive, wound healing and antioxidant properties. These beneficial effects have been attributed to the presence of primary and secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, amino acids and flavonoids. Objective: The aim was to develop a reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet detection that involves precolumn derivatisation with O-phthaladehyde for simultaneous analysis of two amino acids L-citrulline and L-arginine in FD leaf extracts. Materials and Methods: An isocratic elution program consisting of methanol: acetonitrile: Water at 45:45:10 v/v (solvent A) and 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH 7.5 (solvent B) at A: B v/v ratio of 80:20 on Zorbax Eclipse C18 SB-Aq column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) were used. The flow rate was set at 1 ml/min and detection was carried out at 338 nm with 30 min separation time. Results: Good linearity for L-citrulline and L-arginine was obtained in the range 0.1-1000 μg/ml at R2 ≥ 0.998. The limit of detection and limit of quantification values for both L-citrulline and L-arginine were 1 and 5 μg/ml, respectively. The average of recoveries was in the range 94.94-101.95%, with relative standard deviation (%RSD) less than 3%. Intra- and inter-day precision was in the range 96.36-102.43% with RSD less than 2%. Conclusion: All validation parameters of the developed method indicate the method is reliable and efficient for simultaneous determination of L-citrulline and L-arginine for routine analysis of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armaghan Shafaei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Abdalrahim F A Aisha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Jamshed Ahmad Siddiqui
- Department of Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Indera Mahkota Campus, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Zhari Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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Pahlavani N, Jafari M, Sadeghi O, Rezaei M, Rasad H, Rahdar HA, Entezari MH. L-arginine supplementation and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in healthy men: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. F1000Res 2014; 3:306. [PMID: 28751963 PMCID: PMC5510020 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.5877.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: The effect of L-arginine on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has mostly focused on western countries. Since cardiovascular diseases is the second cause of death in Iran and, as far as we are aware, there have been no studies about the effect of L-arginine on CVD risk factors, the aim of this trial was to assess the effects of L-arginine supplementation on CVD risk factors in healthy men. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-dose L-arginine supplementation on CVD risk factors (lipid profile, blood sugar and blood pressure) in Iranian healthy men. Design, setting, participants: We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial in 56 patients selected from sport clubs at the Isfahan University of Medical Science between November 2013 and December 2013. Interventions: Healthy men received L-arginine supplementation (2000 mg daily) in the intervention group or placebo (2000 mg maltodextrin daily) in the control group for 45 days. Main outcome measure: The primary outcome measures were we measured the levels of fasting blood sugar, blood pressure and lipid profile including triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, LDL and HDL in healthy subjects. It was hypothesized that these measures would be significantly improved in those receiving L–arginine supplementation. at the beginning and end of the study. Results: In this trial, we had complete data for 52 healthy participants with mean age of 20.85±4.29 years. At the end of study, fasting blood sugar (P=0.001) and lipid profile (triglycerideTG (P<0.001), cholesterol (P<0.001), LDL (P=0.04), HDL (P=0.015)) decreased in the L-arginine group but we found no significant change in the placebo group. In addition, the reduction of fasting blood sugar and lipid profile in L-arginine was significant compared with placebo group. No significant changes were found about systolic (P=0.81) and diastolic blood pressure either in L-arginine or placebo group. (P=0.532). Conclusion: The use of L-arginine significantly improved outcomes compared to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseh Pahlavani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Food Security Research Center and Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Rezaei
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Rasad
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Rahdar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Entezari
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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35
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Pahlavani N, Jafari M, Sadeghi O, Rezaei M, Rasad H, Rahdar HA, Entezari MH. L-arginine supplementation and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in healthy men: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. F1000Res 2014; 3:306. [PMID: 28751963 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.5877.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: The effect of L-arginine on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has mostly focused on western countries. Since cardiovascular diseases is the second cause of death in Iran and, as far as we are aware, there have been no studies about the effect of L-arginine on CVD risk factors, the aim of this trial was to assess the effects of L-arginine supplementation on CVD risk factors in healthy men. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-dose L-arginine supplementation on CVD risk factors (lipid profile, blood sugar and blood pressure) in Iranian healthy men. Design, setting, participants: We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial in 56 patients selected from sport clubs at the Isfahan University of Medical Science between November 2013 and December 2013. Interventions: Healthy men received L-arginine supplementation (2000 mg daily) in the intervention group or placebo (2000 mg maltodextrin daily) in the control group for 45 days. Main outcome measure: The primary outcome measures were we measured the levels of fasting blood sugar, blood pressure and lipid profile including triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, LDL and HDL in healthy subjects. It was hypothesized that these measures would be significantly improved in those receiving L-arginine supplementation. at the beginning and end of the study. Results: In this trial, we had complete data for 52 healthy participants with mean age of 20.85±4.29 years. At the end of study, fasting blood sugar (P=0.001) and lipid profile (triglycerideTG (P<0.001), cholesterol (P<0.001), LDL (P=0.04), HDL (P=0.015)) decreased in the L-arginine group but we found no significant change in the placebo group. In addition, the reduction of fasting blood sugar and lipid profile in L-arginine was significant compared with placebo group. No significant changes were found about systolic (P=0.81) and diastolic blood pressure either in L-arginine or placebo group. (P=0.532). Conclusion: The use of L-arginine significantly improved outcomes compared to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseh Pahlavani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Food Security Research Center and Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Science, Arak, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Rezaei
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Rasad
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Rahdar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Entezari
- Food Security Research Center and Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Das S, Mattson DL. Exogenous L-arginine attenuates the effects of angiotensin II on renal hemodynamics and the pressure natriuresis-diuresis relationship. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 41:270-8. [PMID: 24472006 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Administration of exogenous L-arginine (L-Arg) attenuates angiotensin-II (AngII)-mediated hypertension and kidney disease in rats. The present study assessed renal hemodynamics and pressure diuresis-natriuresis in anaesthetized rats infused with vehicle, AngII (20 ng/kg per min i.v.) or AngII + L-Arg (300 μg/kg per min i.v.). Experiments in isolated aortic rings were carried out to assess L-Arg effects on the vasculature. Increasing renal perfusion pressure (RPP) from ~100 to 140 mmHg resulted in a nine- to tenfold increase in urine flow and sodium excretion rate in control animals. In comparison, AngII infusion significantly reduced renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by 40-42%, and blunted the pressure-dependent increase in urine flow and sodium excretion rate by 54-58% at elevated RPP. Supplementation of L-Arg reversed the vasoconstrictor effects of AngII and restored pressure-dependent diuresis to levels not significantly different from control rats. Dose-dependent contraction to AngII (10(-10) mol/L to 10(-7) mol/L) was observed with a maximal force equal to 27 ± 3% of the response to 10(-5) mol/L phenylephrine. Contraction to 10(-7) mol/L AngII was blunted by 75 ± 3% with 10(-4) mol/L L-Arg. The influence of L-Arg to blunt AngII-mediated contraction was eliminated by endothelial denudation or incubation with nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Furthermore, the addition of 10(-3) mol/L cationic or neutral amino acids, which compete with L-Arg for cellular uptake, blocked the effect of L-Arg. Anionic amino acids did not influence the effects of L-Arg on AngII-mediated contraction. These studies show that L-Arg blunts AngII-mediated vascular contraction by an endothelial- and nitric oxide synthase-dependent mechanism involving cellular uptake of L-Arg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Das
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for L-arginine production. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4618. [PMID: 25091334 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
L-arginine is an important amino acid for diverse industrial and health product applications. Here we report the development of metabolically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21831 for the production of L-arginine. Random mutagenesis is first performed to increase the tolerance of C. glutamicum to L-arginine analogues, followed by systems metabolic engineering for further strain improvement, involving removal of regulatory repressors of arginine operon, optimization of NADPH level, disruption of L-glutamate exporter to increase L-arginine precursor and flux optimization of rate-limiting L-arginine biosynthetic reactions. Fed-batch fermentation of the final strain in 5 l and large-scale 1,500 l bioreactors allows production of 92.5 and 81.2 g l(-1) of L-arginine with the yields of 0.40 and 0.35 g L-arginine per gram carbon source (glucose plus sucrose), respectively. The systems metabolic engineering strategy described here will be useful for engineering Corynebacteria strains for the industrial production of L-arginine and related products.
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Houston M. The role of nutrition and nutraceutical supplements in the treatment of hypertension. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:38-66. [PMID: 24575172 PMCID: PMC3935060 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular biology, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle and cardiac dysfunction play a primary role in the initiation and perpetuation of hypertension, cardiovascular disease and target organ damage. Nutrient-gene interactions and epigenetics are predominant factors in promoting beneficial or detrimental effects in cardiovascular health and hypertension. Macronutrients and micronutrients can prevent, control and treat hypertension through numerous mechanisms related to vascular biology. Oxidative stress, inflammation and autoimmune dysfunction initiate and propagate hypertension and cardiovascular disease. There is a role for the selected use of single and component nutraceutical supplements, vitamins, antioxidants and minerals in the treatment of hypertension based on scientifically controlled studies which complement optimal nutrition, coupled with other lifestyle modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Houston
- Mark Houston, Hypertension Institute, Saint Thomas Medical Plaza, Nashville, TN 37205, United States
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Houston MC. The role of nutrition and nutraceutical supplements in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/cpr.13.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Trimarco V, Cimmino CS, Santoro M, Pagnano G, Manzi MV, Piglia A, Giudice CA, De Luca N, Izzo R. Nutraceuticals for blood pressure control in patients with high-normal or grade 1 hypertension. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2013; 19:117-22. [PMID: 22994579 DOI: 10.1007/bf03262460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current hypertension management guidelines do not recommend drug treatment in subjects with blood pressure (BP) in the high-normal range due to the risk of side effects of the currently available antihypertensive agents that overcomes the possible benefit. Nutraceuticals are free from relevant side effects and could be a valuable strategy for the treatment of these patients. AIM The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of two nutraceutical compositions given by the combination of policosanol, red yeast rice extract, berberine, folic acid and coenzyme Q(10) with or without Orthosiphon stamineus in lowering the BP and lipid profile. METHODS Thirty patients with grade 1 essential hypertension and low cardiovascular risk were analysed. At the end of a run-in period, patients were divided into two study arms and assigned to receive the nutraceutical combination with and without Orthosiphon stamineus. All participants underwent 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring at the end of the run-in period and of the 4-week treatment with each of the two different nutraceutical combinations. RESULTS In patients treated with Orthosiphon stamineus a significant reduction of mean 24-hour systolic and diastolic BP levels compared with baseline values was registered and the smoothness index calculated for systolic and diastolic BP showed a more reliable and homogeneous effect on BP over 24 hours. In contrast, nutraceutical treatment without Orthosiphon stamineus was not associated with a significant reduction of BP. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the addition of Orthosiphon stamineus to the combination of nutraceuticals confers an antihypertensive effect that allows a surprisingly effective 24-hour BP control in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Trimarco
- Department of NeuroSciences, Federico II University, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples, Italy
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Trimarco V, Cimmino CS, Santoro M, Pagnano G, Manzi MV, Piglia A, Giudice CA, De Luca N, Izzo R. Nutraceuticals for blood pressure control in patients with high-normal or grade 1 hypertension. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2013. [PMID: 22994579 DOI: 10.2165/11632160-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current hypertension management guidelines do not recommend drug treatment in subjects with blood pressure (BP) in the high-normal range due to the risk of side effects of the currently available antihypertensive agents that overcomes the possible benefit. Nutraceuticals are free from relevant side effects and could be a valuable strategy for the treatment of these patients. AIM The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of two nutraceutical compositions given by the combination of policosanol, red yeast rice extract, berberine, folic acid and coenzyme Q(10) with or without Orthosiphon stamineus in lowering the BP and lipid profile. METHODS Thirty patients with grade 1 essential hypertension and low cardiovascular risk were analysed. At the end of a run-in period, patients were divided into two study arms and assigned to receive the nutraceutical combination with and without Orthosiphon stamineus. All participants underwent 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring at the end of the run-in period and of the 4-week treatment with each of the two different nutraceutical combinations. RESULTS In patients treated with Orthosiphon stamineus a significant reduction of mean 24-hour systolic and diastolic BP levels compared with baseline values was registered and the smoothness index calculated for systolic and diastolic BP showed a more reliable and homogeneous effect on BP over 24 hours. In contrast, nutraceutical treatment without Orthosiphon stamineus was not associated with a significant reduction of BP. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the addition of Orthosiphon stamineus to the combination of nutraceuticals confers an antihypertensive effect that allows a surprisingly effective 24-hour BP control in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Trimarco
- Department of NeuroSciences, Federico II University, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples, Italy
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Synergistic effects of taurine and L-arginine on attenuating insulin resistance hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 775:427-35. [PMID: 23392951 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6130-2_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the synergistic effects of taurine and L-arginine on hypertension, 25% fructose were administered to male Wistar rats for 3 months to establish insulin resistance hypertensive models. Rats with the systolic blood pressure (SBP) higher than 150 mmHg were considered as model rats. Forty-two model rats were randomly divided into six groups and administered with 3% taurine, 2.7% taurine + 0.3% L-arginine, 2.1% taurine + 0.9% L-arginine, 1.5% taurine + 1.5% L-arginine and 3% L-arginine in drinking water respectively. The results showed that coadministration of taurine (1.5%) and L-arginine (1.5%) could bring the levels of SBP, blood glucose, and insulin down to normal levels after 4 weeks. The thickness of blood vessels increased significantly in model group, which could be reversed by taurine and L-arginine. Serum NO, cGMP, and ET levels could return to normal levels. These data indicated that both taurine and L-arginine could ameliorate vascular remodeling and showed obvious antihypertensive effects, and taurine (1.5%) and L-arginine (1.5%) in the drinking water showed a better result in the cure of hypertension.
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Chlorella pyrenoidosa ameliorated L-NAME-induced hypertension and cardiorenal remodeling in rats. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:601-8. [PMID: 22552991 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypertension is one of the main factors causing cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of Chlorella pyrenoidosa on blood pressure and cardiorenal remodeling in rats with N (ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)-induced endothelial dysfunction. METHODS Rats were fed a diet containing L-NAME (40 mg/kg) with or without chlorella (4 or 8 %) for 5 weeks. We found that chlorella retarded the development of hypertension and cardiorenal remodeling during the 5-week experimental period. RESULTS Although there was no difference in NO( x ) levels or plasma arginine concentrations, plasma and tissues ACE activities were significantly lower in the chlorella groups than in the L-NAME group. Moreover, tissue tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations and renal CYP4A expression were also lower in the chlorella group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that chlorella might ameliorate the elevation of blood pressure and show cardiorenal-protective effects in nitric oxide-deficient rats, and one possible mechanism might be mediated by its ACE inhibitory activity.
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Veeramani C, Al-Numair KS, Chandramohan G, Alsaif MA, Pugalendi KV. Protective effect of Melothria maderaspatana leaf fraction on electrolytes, catecholamines, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and endothelin-1 peptide in uninephrectomized deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats. J Nat Med 2012; 66:535-43. [PMID: 22246664 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of ethyl acetate fraction of Melothria maderaspatana (EAFM) leaf on electrolytes, catecholamines, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) peptide in uninephrectomized deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. Administration of DOCA-salt significantly increased the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and treatment with EAFM significantly lowered the blood pressure. In DOCA-salt rats, the levels of sodium and chloride increased significantly while potassium level decreased and administration of EAFM brought these parameters to normality. The levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine increased significantly in DOCA-salt rats and administration of EAFM significantly decreased these parameters to normality. DOCA-salt hypertensive rats exhibited significantly decreased L: -arginine and nitrite + nitrate levels and administration of EAFM brought these parameters to normality. DOA-salt hypertensive rats showed down-regulation of eNOS and up-regulation of ET-1 protein expressions in heart and kidney, and treatment with EAFM prevented down-regulation of eNOS and significantly down-regulated the ET-1 protein expressions. In conclusion, EAFM provides good blood pressure control by enhancing potassium and decreasing sodium levels, decreasing levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and preventing down-regulation of eNOS and significantly down-regulating ET-1 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnadurai Veeramani
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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Modeling of Cellular Arginine Uptake by More Than One Transporter. J Membr Biol 2011; 245:1-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-011-9408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Greer BK, Jones BT. Acute Arginine Supplementation Fails to Improve Muscle Endurance Or Affect Blood Pressure Responses to Resistance Training. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25:1789-94. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181e07569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to L arginine and “immune system functions” (ID 455, 1713), growth or maintenance of muscle mass (ID 456, 1712, 4681), normal red blood cell formation (ID 456, 664, 1443, 1712), maintenance. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Effects of watermelon supplementation on aortic blood pressure and wave reflection in individuals with prehypertension: a pilot study. Am J Hypertens 2011; 24:40-4. [PMID: 20616787 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2010.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral L-citrulline is efficiently converted to L-arginine, the precursor for endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Oral L-arginine supplementation reduces brachial blood pressure (BP). We evaluated the effects of watermelon supplementation on aortic BP and arterial function in individuals with prehypertension. METHODS Heart rate (HR), brachial systolic BP (bSBP), brachial pulse pressure (bPP), aortic SBP (aSBP), aortic PP (aPP), augmentation index (AIx), AIx adjusted for HR of 75 beats/min (AIx@75), amplitude of the first (P1) and second (P2) systolic peaks, reflection time (Tr), and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) were evaluated in the supine position in nine subjects (four men/five women, age 54 ± 3 years) with prehypertension (134/77 ± 5/3 mm Hg). Subjects were randomly assigned to 6 weeks of watermelon supplementation (L-citrulline/L arginine, 2.7 g/1.3 g/day) or placebo followed by a 4-week washout period and then crossover. RESULTS There was a significant treatment effect (change in the value of watermelon minus placebo from baseline to 6 weeks) on bPP (-8 ± 3 mm Hg, P < 0.05), aSBP (-7 ± 2 mm Hg, P < 0.05), aPP (-6 ± 2 mm Hg, P < 0.01), AIx (-6 ± 3%, P < 0.05), AIx@75 (-4 ± 2%, P < 0.05), and P2 (-2 ± 1 mm Hg, P < 0.05). There was no significant treatment effect (P > 0.05) on bSBP, brachial diastolic BP (DBP), aortic DBP, Tr, P1, HR, and carotid-femoral PWV. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study shows that watermelon supplementation improves aortic hemodynamics through a decrease in the amplitude of the reflected wave in individuals with prehypertension.
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Yang X, Croft KD, Lee YP, Mori TA, Puddey IB, Sipsas S, Barden A, Swinny E, Hodgson JM. The effects of a lupin-enriched diet on oxidative stress and factors influencing vascular function in overweight subjects. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:1517-24. [PMID: 20214496 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A diet enriched in lupin kernel flour can lower blood pressure, but mechanisms responsible are unclear. Lupin is a source of polyphenols, protein, and L-arginine, factors that may influence blood pressure via effects on oxidative stress and vascular function. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of a lupin-enriched diet on oxidative stress and factors influencing vascular function as potential mechanisms for demonstrated benefits on blood pressure. Overweight men and women (n = 88) were recruited to a 16-week parallel-design study. Participants were randomly assigned to replace 15%-20% of their usual daily energy intake with white bread (control) or lupin kernel flour-enriched bread (lupin). All measurements were taken at baseline and 16 weeks. At baseline, plasma F₂-isoprostanes and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) were positively associated with blood pressure, and plasma nitrite was negatively associated with blood pressure (p < 0.05). For lupin relative to control, the estimated differences in plasma F₂-isoprostanes (45 pmol/L; 95%CI: -68, 158), urinary F₂-isoprostanes (17 pmol/mmol creatinine; 95%CI: -43, 76), plasma 20-HETE (75 pmol/L; 95%CI: -91, 241), and plasma nitrite (-0.3 μmol/L; 95%CI: -1.1, 0.4) were not significant. Although regular consumption of lupin-enriched bread can lower blood pressure, these results do not support for the hypothesis that this is via effects on oxidative stress or vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbin Yang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, and the WAIMR Centre for Food and Genomic Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Houston MC. Nutrition and nutraceutical supplements in the treatment of hypertension. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 8:821-33. [PMID: 20528640 DOI: 10.1586/erc.10.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies are very common in the general population, and may be even more common in patients with hypertension and cardiovascular disease due to genetic and environmental causes, and prescription drug use. Vascular biology assumes a pivotal role in the initiation and perpetuation of hypertension and target organ damage sequelae. Endothelial activation, oxidative stress and vascular smooth muscle dysfunction (hypertrophy, hyperplasia and remodeling) are initial events that initiate hypertension. Nutrient-gene interactions determine a broad array of phenotypic consequences such as vascular problems and hypertension. Optimal nutrition, nutraceuticals, vitamins, antioxidants, minerals, weight loss, exercise, smoking cessation, and moderate restriction of alcohol and caffeine, in addition to other lifestyle modifications, can prevent, delay the onset, reduce the severity, treat and control hypertension in many patients. An integrative approach combining these lifestyle suggestions with the correct pharmacologic treatment will best achieve new goal blood pressure levels, reduce cardiovascular risk factors, improve vascular health, reduce target organ damage, including coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure and renal disease, and reduce healthcare expenditure. The expanded scientific roles for nutraceutical supplements will be discussed in relation to the prevention and treatment of essential hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Houston
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Hypertension Institute, Saint Thomas Medical Group, 4230 Harding Road, Suite 400, Medical Plaza Building, Nashville, TN 37205, USA.
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