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1
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Galli M, Niccoli G, De Maria G, Brugaletta S, Montone RA, Vergallo R, Benenati S, Magnani G, D'Amario D, Porto I, Burzotta F, Abbate A, Angiolillo DJ, Crea F. Coronary microvascular obstruction and dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:283-298. [PMID: 38001231 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite prompt epicardial recanalization in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), coronary microvascular obstruction and dysfunction (CMVO) is still fairly common and is associated with poor prognosis. Various pharmacological and mechanical strategies to treat CMVO have been proposed, but the positive results reported in preclinical and small proof-of-concept studies have not translated into benefits in large clinical trials conducted in the modern treatment setting of patients with STEMI. Therefore, the optimal management of these patients remains a topic of debate. In this Review, we appraise the pathophysiological mechanisms of CMVO, explore the evidence and provide future perspectives on strategies to be implemented to reduce the incidence of CMVO and improve prognosis in patients with STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Galli
- Department of Cardiology, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | | | - Gianluigi De Maria
- Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Salvatore Brugaletta
- Institut Clinic Cardiovascular, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocco A Montone
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Vergallo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS Italian Cardiology Network, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Benenati
- Oxford Heart Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS Italian Cardiology Network, Genova, Italy
| | - Giulia Magnani
- Department of Cardiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Domenico D'Amario
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria 'Maggiore Della Carita', Novara, Italy
| | - Italo Porto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS Italian Cardiology Network, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Burzotta
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciencies, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology - Heart and Vascular Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Dominick J Angiolillo
- Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciencies, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Stambuk K, Krcmar T, Zeljkovic I. Impact of intracoronary contrast injection pressure on reperfusion during primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A prospective randomized pilot study. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2019; 24:100412. [PMID: 31463362 PMCID: PMC6709366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2019.100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Distal embolization of plaque and thrombotic debris in the infarct-related artery (IRA) may lead to microvascular obstruction resulting in impaired myocardial reperfusion. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of contrast injection pressure in IRA, during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), on myocardial reperfusion in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods This prospective, randomized, open label, pilot trial evaluated acute STEMI patients who underwent primary PCI, with blinded evaluation of end points. Patients were assigned to higher injection pressure group A (550 pound/inch2) or lower injection pressure group B (200 pound/inch2). Primary endpoint was the postprocedural incidence of restored myocardial perfusion defined as myocardial blush grade (MBG) 3. Results Study included 100 consecutive acute STEMI patients, with median age of 63 (56–72) years (77% men) who were randomized to higher and lower injection pressure group. Baseline demographic, clinical and angiographic characteristics did not differ significantly between the groups. There were no significant differences between the study groups regarding difference in achieved MBG 3 (33 vs 36 patients, p = 0.247) nor regarding the ST-segment deviation score neither immediately after (3 vs 4 mm, p > 0.3) nor 24 h after primary PCI (2 vs 3 mm, p > 0.3). Conclusion There was no impact of lower intracoronary contrast injection pressure in comparison to higher injection pressure, during primary PCI in patients with acute STEMI, on myocardial reperfusion as assessed by MBG or ST segment changes in the ECG. The study was registered at registry ClinicalTrials.gov with the registration number: NCT03445364, on February 26th 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kresimir Stambuk
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital for Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiology Magdalena, Ljudevita Gaja 2, 49217 Krapinske Toplice, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Krcmar
- Department of Cardiology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Vinogradska cesta 29, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Zeljkovic
- Department of Cardiology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Vinogradska cesta 29, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Lago IM, Novaes GC, Badran AV, Pavão RB, Barbosa R, Figueiredo GLD, Lima MDO, Haddad JL, Schmidt A, Marin JA. In-Lab Upfront Use of Tirofiban May Reduce the Occurrence of No-Reflow During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. A Pilot Randomized Study. Arq Bras Cardiol 2017; 107:403-410. [PMID: 27982267 PMCID: PMC5137384 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20160149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite successful opening of culprit coronary artery, myocardial reperfusion
does not always follows primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors are used in the treatment of no-reflow
(NR), but their role to prevent it is unproven. Objective To evaluate the effect of in-lab administration of tirofiban on the incidence
of NR in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with PPCI. Methods STEMI patients treated with PPCI were randomized (24 tirofiban and 34
placebo) in this double-blinded study to assess the impact of intravenous
tirofiban on the incidence of NR after PPCI according to angiographic and
electrocardiographic methods. End-points of the study were: TIMI-epicardial
flow grade; myocardial blush grade (MBG); resolution of ST-elevation <
70% (RST < 70%) at 90min and 24h after PPCI. Results Baseline anthropometric, clinical and angiographic characteristics were
balanced between the groups. The occurrence of TIMI flow < 3 was not
significantly different between the tirofiban (25%) and placebo (35.3%)
groups. MBG ≤ 2 did not occur in the tirofiban group, and was seen in
11.7% of patients in the placebo group (p=0.13). RST < 70% occurred in
41.6% x 55.8% (p=0.42) at 90min and in 29% x 55.9% (p=0.06) at 24h in
tirofiban and placebo groups, respectively. Severe NR (RST ≤ 30%) was
detected in 0% x 26.5% (p=0.01) at 90 min, and in 4.2% x 23.5% (p=0.06) at
24h in tirofiban and placebo groups, respectively. Conclusion This pilot study showed a trend toward reduction of NR associated with in-lab
upfront use of tirofiban in STEMI patients treated with PPCI and paves the
way for a full-scale study testing this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Matos Lago
- Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - Gustavo Caires Novaes
- Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - André Vannucchi Badran
- Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - Rafael Brolio Pavão
- Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | | | - Geraldo Luiz de Figueiredo
- Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - Moysés de Oliveira Lima
- Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Haddad
- Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - André Schmidt
- Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - José Antônio Marin
- Divisão de Cardiologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
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Lee WC, Chen SM, Liu CF, Chen CJ, Chung WJ, Hsueh SK, Tsai TH, Fang HY, Yip HK, Hang CL. Early Administration of Intracoronary Nitroprusside Compared with Thrombus Aspiration in Myocardial Perfusion for Acute Myocardial Infarction: A 3-Year Clinical Follow-Up Study. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2016; 31:373-80. [PMID: 27122896 DOI: 10.6515/acs20150515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracoronary nitroprusside and thrombus aspiration have been demonstrated to improve myocardial perfusion during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) However, no long-term clinical studies have been performed comparing these approaches. METHODS A single medical center retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the effects of intracoronary nitroprusside administration before slow/no-reflow phenomena versus thrombus aspiration during primary PCI. Forty-three consecutive patients with STEMI were enrolled in the intracoronary nitroprusside treatment group. One hundred twenty-four consecutive STEMI patients who received thrombus aspiration were enrolled; ninety-seven consecutive STEMI patients who did not receive either thrombus aspiration or intracoronary nitroprusside treatment were enrolled and served as control subjects. Patients with cardiogenic shock, who had received platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, or intra-aortic balloon pump insertion were excluded. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade, corrected TIMI frame count and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) were assessed prior to and following PCI by two independent cardiologists blinded to the procedures. The rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 30 days, 1 year, and 3 years after study enrollment as a composite of recurrent myocardial infarction, target-vessel revascularization, and cardiac death were recorded. RESULTS The control group had a significantly lower pre-PCI TIMI flow (≤ 1; 49.5% vs. 69.8% vs. 77.4%; p = < 0.001) compared with the nitroprusside and thrombus aspiration groups. The thrombus aspiration group had a significantly higher pre-PCI thrombus score (> 4; 98.4% vs. 88.4% vs. 74.3%; p = < 0.001) and post-PCI TMPG (3; 39.5% vs. 16.3% vs. 20.6%; p = 0.001) compared with the nitroprusside and control groups. No significant differences were noted in the post-PCI thrombus score, 30-day, 1-year and 3-year MACE rate, and Kaplan-Meier curve among 3 groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS Although thrombus aspiration provided improved TMPG compared with early administration of intracoronary nitroprusside and neither of both during primary PCI, it did not have a significant impact on 30-day, 1-year and 3-year MACE rate. KEY WORDS Acute myocardial infarction; Intracoronary nitroprusside; Thrombus aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chieh Lee
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; ; Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Shyh-Ming Chen
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; ; Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Chu-Feng Liu
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine; ; Emergency Department, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; ; Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Wen-Jung Chung
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; ; Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Shu-Kai Hsueh
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; ; Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Tzu-Hsien Tsai
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; ; Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Hsiu-Yu Fang
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; ; Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Hon-Kan Yip
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; ; Chang Gung University College of Medicine
| | - Chi-Ling Hang
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; ; Chang Gung University College of Medicine
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Trombectomía por aspiración para el tratamiento del infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST: un metanálisis de 26 ensayos aleatorizados con 11.943 pacientes. Rev Esp Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Spitzer E, Heg D, Stefanini GG, Stortecky S, Rutjes AWS, Räber L, Blöchlinger S, Pilgrim T, Jüni P, Windecker S. Aspiration Thrombectomy for Treatment of ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a Meta-analysis of 26 Randomized Trials in 11,943 Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 68:746-52. [PMID: 25979551 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES There is continued debate about the routine use of aspiration thrombectomy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Our aim was to evaluate clinical and procedural outcomes of aspiration thrombectomy-assisted primary percutaneous coronary intervention compared with conventional primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of 26 randomized controlled trials with a total of 11 943 patients. Clinical outcomes were extracted up to maximum follow-up and random effect models were used to assess differences in outcomes. RESULTS We observed no difference in the risk of all-cause death (pooled risk ratio = 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.74-1.04; P = .124), reinfarction (pooled risk ratio = 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-1.08; P = .176), target vessel revascularization (pooled risk ratio = 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.73-1.00; P = .052), or definite stent thrombosis (pooled risk ratio = 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-1.16; P = .202) between the 2 groups at a mean weighted follow-up time of 10.4 months. There were significant reductions in failure to reach Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 3 flow (pooled risk ratio = 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.60-0.81; P < .001) or myocardial blush grade 3 (pooled risk ratio = 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.89; P = .001), incomplete ST-segment resolution (pooled risk ratio = 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-0.84; P < .001), and evidence of distal embolization (pooled risk ratio = 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.81; P = .001) with aspiration thrombectomy but estimates were heterogeneous between trials. CONCLUSIONS Among unselected patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, aspiration thrombectomy-assisted primary percutaneous coronary intervention does not improve clinical outcomes, despite improved epicardial and myocardial parameters of reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Spitzer
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dik Heg
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Stortecky
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne W S Rutjes
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Räber
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Pilgrim
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Jüni
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Windecker
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
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7
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Novel insights into an “old” phenomenon: the no reflow. Int J Cardiol 2015; 187:273-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sadr-Ameli M, Mousavi H, Heidarali M, Maadani M, Ghelich Y, Ghadrdoost B. Early and midterm major adverse cardiac events in patient with saphenous vein graft using direct stenting or embolic protection device stenting. Res Cardiovasc Med 2014; 3:e13012. [PMID: 25478526 PMCID: PMC4253743 DOI: 10.5812/cardiovascmed.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The treatment of an occluded saphenous vein graft (SVG) with percutaneous coronary intervention may encounter major adverse cardiac events (MACE). MACE rates have been reduced significantly by using the embolic protection device (EPD). Objectives: The aim of this study was to clarify the risks and the benefits of embolic protection devices. Patients and Methods: In a prospective, non-randomized observational study, patients aged 33 to 85 years old who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention due to SVG stenosis at our tertiary care center were enrolled between 2009 and 2011. The incidence rates of adverse events, including MACE, were obtained during the patients’ hospitalization and at 30-day and 6-month follow-up. MACE included death, Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction, in-stent thrombosis, target lesion revascularization, and target vessel revascularization. Results: From 150 patients enrolled to the study, 128 (85.3%) patients underwent direct stenting and the rest underwent the EPD procedure. In-hospital MACE occurred in 17.2% of the patients in the direct stenting group versus only 9.1% in the EPD group (P = 0.530). MACE incidence was gradually increased at one and 6-month follow-up periods in the direct stenting group (19.5% and 21.9%, respectively), and remained unchanged in the EPD group (9.1% at six-month follow-up). Multivariate logistic regression model showed that the stenting procedure type could not predict early and midterm MACE with the presence of baseline characteristics as cofounders. Conclusions: Despite the considerable lower early and midterm MACE rates, numerically following the EPD procedure compared to direct stenting, the difference in the MACE rates between the two groups was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Sadr-Ameli
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Mousavi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mona Heidarali
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohsen Maadani
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohsen Madaani, Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Vali-e-Asr St., Niayesh Blvd, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2123923017, Fax: +98-2122663217, E-mail:
| | - Yones Ghelich
- Department of Intervention, 502 Military Hospital, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Behshid Ghadrdoost
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Fernández-Rodríguez D, Alvarez-Contreras L, Martín-Yuste V, Brugaletta S, Ferreira I, De Antonio M, Cardona M, Martí V, García-Picart J, Sabaté M. Does manual thrombus aspiration help optimize stent implantation in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction? World J Cardiol 2014; 6:1030-1037. [PMID: 25276303 PMCID: PMC4176794 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i9.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the impact of thrombus aspiration (TA) on procedural outcomes in a real-world ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) registry.
METHODS: From May 2006 to August 2008, 542 consecutive STEMI patients referred for primary or rescue percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled and the angiographic results and stent implantation characteristics were compared according to the performance of manual TA.
RESULTS: A total of 456 patients were analyzable and categorized in TA group (156 patients; 34.2%) and non-TA (NTA) group (300 patients; 65.8%). Patients treated with TA had less prevalence of multivessel disease (39.7% vs 54.7%, P = 0.003) and higher prevalence of initial thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow < 3 (P < 0.001) than NTA group. There was a higher rate of direct stenting (58.7% vs 45.5%, P = 0.009), with shorter (24.1 ± 11.8 mm vs 26.9 ± 15.7 mm, P = 0.038) and larger stents (3.17 ± 0.43 mm vs 2.93 ± 0.44 mm, P < 0.001) in the TA group as compared to NTA group. The number of implanted stents (1.3 ± 0.67 vs 1.5 ± 0.84, P = 0.009) was also lower in TA group.
CONCLUSION: In an “all-comers” STEMI population, the use of TA resulted in more efficient procedure leading to the implantation of less number of stents per lesion of shorter lengths and larger sizes.
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10
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Clinical impact of thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction with occluded culprit. Cardiovasc Interv Ther 2014; 30:22-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12928-014-0282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kim HL, Seo JB, Chung WY, Zo JH, Kim MA, Kim SH. Simultaneously Presented Acute Ischemic Stroke and Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction in a Patient with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation. Korean Circ J 2013; 43:766-9. [PMID: 24363753 PMCID: PMC3866317 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2013.43.11.766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although atrial fibrillation is the most frequent cause of embolic stroke, coronary embolism from atrial fibrillation is a very rare cause of acute myocardial infarction. Therefore, simultaneously presented acute ischemic stroke and acute myocardial infarction due to atrial fibrillation in the same patient has not been documented. The present report describes the case of a 58-year-old man with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who initially presented with a large cerebral infarction due to embolic occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. Four hours after the diagnosis of cerebral embolism, he was subsequently diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction due to concurrent coronary embolism. He underwent successful coronary revascularization with a drug-eluting stent. The possibility of combined coronary embolism as a rare etiology should be kept in mind when a patient with acute embolic stroke presents, especially when there is evidence of acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hack-Lyoung Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Bin Seo
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Young Chung
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Zo
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-A Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Curzen N, Gurbel PA, Myat A, Bhatt DL, Redwood SR. What is the optimum adjunctive reperfusion strategy for primary percutaneous coronary intervention? Lancet 2013; 382:633-43. [PMID: 23953387 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a dynamic, thrombus-driven event. As understanding of its pathophysiology has improved, the central role of platelets in initiation and orchestration of this process has become clear. Key components of STEMI include formation of occlusive thrombus, mediation and ultimately amplification of the local vascular inflammatory response resulting in increased vasoreactivity, oedema formation, and microvascular obstruction. Activation, degranulation, and aggregation of platelets are the platforms from which these components develop. Therefore, prompt, potent, and predictable antithrombotic therapy is needed to optimise clinical outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. We review present pharmacological and mechanical adjunctive therapies for reperfusion and ask what is the optimum combination when primary percutaneous coronary intervention is used as the mode of revascularisation in patients with STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Curzen
- Wessex Cardiothoracic Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
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Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome is associated with a high incidence of thrombus. The presence of coronary thrombus is often not appreciated on coronary angiography; however, simultaneous use of angioscopy or intravascular ultrasound increases the detection of thrombus. Forceful coronary injection, passage of intracoronary devices, balloon angioplasty and stenting in the presence of thrombus contribute to distal embolization by disrupting the thrombus. Clinically, intracoronary thrombus is associated with higher rates of death, myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization. Removal of thrombus results in the improvement of markers of perfusion, which includes resolution of ST segment elevation, higher myocardial blush grade, and an increase in final thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow as well as lower mortality. In this article, the authors discuss different mechanical thrombectomy devices and the literature available for their use in acute coronary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M Ahmed
- Interventional Cardiology, Jennie Edmundson Hospital, Council Bluff, Iowa, USA.
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15
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Nilsen DWT, Mehran R, Wu RS, Yu J, Nordrehaug JE, Brodie BR, Witzenbichler B, Nikolsky E, Fahy M, Stone GW. Coronary reperfusion and clinical outcomes after thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention: findings from the HORIZONS-AMI trial. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2013; 82:594-601. [PMID: 23074151 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.24705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the quality of coronary reperfusion and long-term clinical outcomes of patients enrolled in the HORIZONS-AMI trial according to the use of thrombus aspiration (TA). BACKGROUND The impact of manual TA on microvascular perfusion and clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is unsettled. METHODS In this retrospective, nonrandomized, subgroup analysis, the authors evaluated thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow, tissue myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG), ST-segment resolution (STR), net adverse clinical events (NACE), and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients undergoing pPCI with or without manual TA. RESULTS A total of 318 patients had pPCI with upfront TA, and 2,917 patients had pPCI without TA. Patients who had TA were more likely to have TIMI 0/1 flow at baseline (75.1% vs. 63.7%, P < 0.0001). There was no difference in the rates of final TIMI 3 flow (90.2% vs. 92.3%, P = 0.19) or dynamic TMPG 2-3 (77.4% vs. 76.4%, P = 0.68). STR ≥70% was similar in both groups at 60 minutes but higher in the TA group at discharge (71.8% vs. 64.6%, P = 0.02). After multivariable adjustment, TA did not predict MACE at 30 days (HR 0.96 [0.51-1.80], P = 0.90), 1 year (HR 1.03 [0.68-1.55], P = 0.89), or 3 years (HR 1.13 [0.86-1.48], P = 0.39). Stent thrombosis did not differ at 1 year or 3 years. CONCLUSIONS In STEMI patients undergoing pPCI, the use of manual TA was associated with improved STR at discharge, but not with any difference in final TIMI flow, TMPG, or MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis W T Nilsen
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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16
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Guo AQ, Sheng L, Lei X, Shu W. Pharmacological and physical prevention and treatment of no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Int Med Res 2013; 41:537-47. [PMID: 23628920 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513479859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
After successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, adequate myocardial reperfusion is not achieved in up to 50% of patients. This phenomenon of no-reflow is associated with a poor in-hospital and long-term prognosis. Four main factors are thought to contribute to the occurrence of no-reflow: ischaemic injury; reperfusion injury; distal embolization; susceptibility of the microcirculation to injury. This review evaluates the literature, and in particular the clinical trials, concerned with pharmacological and physical methods for prevention and treatment of no-reflow. A number of drugs may improve no-reflow experimentally and clinically, but some have not yet been associated with conclusive improvements in clinical outcome. The complex interacting factors in no-reflow make it unlikely that any single agent will be effective for all patients. Confirmed methods known to be beneficial in the prevention of no-reflow (such as aspirin therapy, chronic statin therapy, blood glucose control, thrombus aspiration in patients with a high thrombus burden and ischaemic preconditioning) should be offered to patients as often as possible, to prevent and treat no-reflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Qiang Guo
- Department of Geriatric Nephrology, Institute of Gerontology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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17
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Yunoki K, Naruko T, Sugioka K, Inaba M, Itoh A, Haze K, Yoshiyama M, Ueda M. Thrombus Aspiration Therapy and Coronary Thrombus Components in Patients with Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Atheroscler Thromb 2013; 20:524-37. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.17608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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18
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Hachinohe D, Jeong MH, Saito S, Kim MC, Cho KH, Ahmed K, Hwang SH, Lee MG, Sim DS, Park KH, Kim JH, Hong YJ, Ahn Y, Kang JC, Kim JH, Chae SC, Kim YJ, Hur SH, Seong IW, Hong TJ, Choi D, Cho MC, Kim CJ, Seung KB, Chung WS, Jang YS, Rha SW, Bae JH, Park SJ. Clinical impact of thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention: Results from Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry. J Cardiol 2012; 59:249-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kramer MC, Verouden NC, Li X, Koch KT, van der Wal AC, Tijssen JG, de Winter RJ. Thrombus aspiration alone during primary percutanous coronary intervention as definitive treatment in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 79:860-7. [PMID: 21735523 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.23214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda C Kramer
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Picchi A, Limbruno U. Thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2012; 13:16-23. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e32834becee] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sobieraj DM, White CM, Kluger J, Tongbram V, Colby J, Chen WT, Makanji SS, Lee S, Ashaye A, Coleman CI. Systematic review: comparative effectiveness of adjunctive devices in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention of native vessels. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2011; 11:74. [PMID: 22185559 PMCID: PMC3313863 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-11-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), dislodgement of atherothrombotic material from coronary lesions can result in distal embolization, and may lead to increased major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality. We sought to systematically review the comparative effectiveness of adjunctive devices to remove thrombi or protect against distal embolization in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing PCI of native vessels. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search of Medline, the Cochrane Database, and Web of Science (January 1996-March 2011), http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, abstracts from major cardiology meetings, TCTMD, and CardioSource Plus. Two investigators independently screened citations and extracted data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the use of adjunctive devices plus PCI to PCI alone, evaluated patients with STEMI, enrolled a population with 95% of target lesion(s) in native vessels, and reported data on at least one pre-specified outcome. Quality was graded as good, fair or poor and the strength of evidence was rated as high, moderate, low or insufficient. Disagreement was resolved through consensus. RESULTS 37 trials met inclusion criteria. At the maximal duration of follow-up, catheter aspiration devices plus PCI significantly decreased the risk of MACE by 27% compared to PCI alone. Catheter aspiration devices also significantly increased the achievement of ST-segment resolution by 49%, myocardial blush grade of 3 (MBG-3) by 39%, and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 3 flow by 8%, while reducing the risk of distal embolization by 44%, no reflow by 48% and coronary dissection by 70% versus standard PCI alone. In a majority of trials, the use of catheter aspiration devices increased procedural time upon qualitative assessment.Distal filter embolic protection devices significantly increased the risk of target revascularization by 39% although the use of mechanical thrombectomy or embolic protection devices did not significantly impact other final health outcomes. Distal balloon or any embolic protection device increased the achievement of MBG-3 by 61% and 20% and TIMI3 flow by 11% and 6% but did not significantly impact other intermediate outcomes versus control. Upon qualitative analysis, all device categories, with exception of catheter aspiration devices, appear to significantly prolong procedure time compared to PCI alone while none appear to significantly impact ejection fraction. Many of the final health outcome and adverse event evaluations were underpowered and the safety of devices overall is unclear due to insufficient amounts of data. CONCLUSIONS In patients with STEMI, for most devices, few RCTs evaluated final health outcomes over a long period of follow-up. Due to insufficient data, the safety of these devices is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Sobieraj
- University of Connecticut/Hartford Hospital Evidence-based Practice Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - C Michael White
- University of Connecticut/Hartford Hospital Evidence-based Practice Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kluger
- University of Connecticut/Hartford Hospital Evidence-based Practice Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Vanita Tongbram
- University of Connecticut/Hartford Hospital Evidence-based Practice Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer Colby
- University of Connecticut/Hartford Hospital Evidence-based Practice Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Wendy T Chen
- University of Connecticut/Hartford Hospital Evidence-based Practice Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Sagar S Makanji
- University of Connecticut/Hartford Hospital Evidence-based Practice Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Soyon Lee
- University of Connecticut/Hartford Hospital Evidence-based Practice Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Ajibade Ashaye
- University of Connecticut/Hartford Hospital Evidence-based Practice Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Craig I Coleman
- University of Connecticut/Hartford Hospital Evidence-based Practice Center, Hartford, CT, USA
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Deutsch-österreichische S3-Leitlinie „Infarktbedingter kardiogener Schock – Diagnose, Monitoring und Therapie“. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00390-011-0284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Niccoli G, Cosentino N, Spaziani C, Minelli S, Fracassi F, Crea F. New strategies for the management of no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2011; 9:615-630. [PMID: 21615325 DOI: 10.1586/erc.11.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2025]
Abstract
The myocardial no-reflow phenomenon is characterized by a reduced antegrade myocardial blood flow despite an open infarct-related artery in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Importantly, no-reflow is known to be associated with unfavorable clinical outcome and prognosis. It is a complex phenomenon and is caused by the variable combination of four pathogenetic components: distal atherothrombotic embolization, ischemic injury, reperfusion injury and susceptibility of coronary microcirculation to injury. As a consequence, appropriate strategies to prevent or treat each of these components are expected to reduce the occurrence of no-reflow. Mechanical and pharmacological approaches performed before, during and after performing myocardial revascularization have been investigated in recent studies, in order to reduce the rate of no-reflow. In this article, we concentrate on the major preventive and therapeutic approaches currently available for the management of the no-reflow phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Niccoli
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
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Swanson N, Gershlick A. Primary and Rescue PCI in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Interv Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9781444319446.ch16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Bertrand OF, Larose E, Costerousse O, Mongrain R, Rodés-Cabau J, Déry JP, Nguyen CM, Barbeau G, Gleeton O, Proulx G, De Larochellière R, Noël B, Roy L. Effects of aspiration thrombectomy on necrosis size and ejection fraction after transradial percutaneous coronary intervention in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2011; 77:475-82. [PMID: 20578162 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.22692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of routine aspiration thrombectomy in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains controversial. METHODS Patients in the EArly Discharge after Transradial Stenting of CoronarY Arteries in Acute Myocardial Infarction (n = 105) study were treated with aspirin, clopidogrel, and abciximab within 6 hr of symptoms onset. Operators were allowed to use 6 Fr Export aspiration catheter at their discretion. In this observational analysis, we compared acute and late results in patients treated with and without thrombectomy using cardiac biomarkers, angiographic, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), and clinical parameters. RESULTS Patients in the thrombectomy group (n = 44) had longer symptoms to balloon time (196 ± 86 min vs. 164 ± 62, P = 0.039) and higher incidence of preprocedural TIMI flow grade 0 or 1 (84% vs. 64%, P = 0.028). Following PCI, both groups had similar incidence of TIMI flow grade 3 (93 vs. 92%, P = 0.73) and myocardial blush grade 2 or 3 (80 vs. 77%, P = 0.86), respectively. Patients in thrombectomy group had significantly higher post-PCI maximum values of creatine kinase-MB (P = 0.0007) and troponin T (P = 0.0010). Accordingly, post-PCI myocardial necrosis by CMR was higher (P = 0.0030) in patients in the thrombectomy group. At 6-month follow-up, necrosis size remained higher (20.7% ± 13.3% vs. 13.5% ± 11.1%, P = 0.012) in the thrombectomy group. Ejection fraction at 6 months was 65% ± 9% in patients in thrombectomy group compared to 70% ± 11% in patients without (P = 0.070). Results were not affected by initial TIMI flow or symptoms to balloon time. Clinical events remained comparable in both groups at 12 months follow-up. CONCLUSION In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction presenting within 6 hr of symptoms and undergoing primary angioplasty with maximal antiplatelet therapy, acute and late results did not suggest significant benefit for additional aspiration thrombectomy, irrespective of initial TIMI flow or total ischemic time.
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26
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Left ventricular contractile function after distal protection in primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Int J Cardiol 2011; 146:395-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fröbert O, Lagerqvist B, Gudnason T, Thuesen L, Svensson R, Olivecrona GK, James SK. Thrombus Aspiration in ST-Elevation myocardial infarction in Scandinavia (TASTE trial). A multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical registry trial based on the Swedish angiography and angioplasty registry (SCAAR) platform. Study design and rationale. Am Heart J 2010; 160:1042-8. [PMID: 21146656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), distal embolization of thrombus material often precludes restoration of normal coronary artery flow. Small-scaled studies have demonstrated that intracoronary thrombus aspiration improves flow and myocardial perfusion, but only one larger randomized single-center study has suggested a survival benefit. Thrombus aspiration is widely used in clinical practice and is recommended by international guidelines despite limited evidence. METHODS/DESIGN The Thrombus Aspiration in ST-Elevation myocardial infarction in Scandinavia is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled, clinical open-label trial based on the Swedish angiography and angioplasty registry (SCAAR) platform with blinded evaluation of end points. A total of 5,000 patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) will randomly be assigned either to conventional PCI or to thrombus aspiration followed by PCI. SCAAR will be used as the platform for randomization, allowing a broad population of all-comers in the registry network to be enrolled. All follow-up will also be done in SCAAR and other national registries. The primary end point is time to all-cause death at 30 days. DISCUSSION The Thrombus Aspiration in ST-Elevation myocardial infarction in Scandinavia trial is the largest trial to date to evaluate the effect of thrombus aspiration on death following PCI in patients with STEMI. We propose the term randomized clinical registry trial to describe the novel entity of using an online national registry as platform for case records, randomization, and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Fröbert
- Department of Cardiology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden.
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Leromain AS, Fayard M, Lorgis L, Richard C, Zeller M, Buffet P, L'Huillier I, Guenfoudi MP, Garnier N, Guignard MH, Cottin Y. [Impact of the angles and the age of the thrombus on efficacity of thromboaspiration device. A bench study]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2010; 60:9-14. [PMID: 20723879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2010.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronary thrombectomy is usually used to treat acute coronary syndrome. Many studies evaluated its benefit in this context however, it is still unknown if coronary characteristics are predictive of success or failure. The aim of our laboratory bench study was to evaluate the impact of angiographic characteristics on the thromboaspiration efficiency. METHODS Glass tubes of 150 mm in the length were used, with five diameters: 2; 2.6; 3; 3.6 and 4 mm; and for each diameter, three angulations: no angulation; 90° and 120°. Blood sample were taken from healthy subject and thrombi of 3 and 6 hours old were performed, with a constant volume for each test. Thromboaspirations were performed with an Export(®) catheter (Medtronic). The primary endpoint was total thrombectomy. A total of 240 thromboaspirations were performed. RESULTS A total thrombectomy was obtained for 71.2% of the tests. It was achieved more frequently with the smaller diameter, respectively: 100% for 2 mm, 81.3% for 2.6 mm, 89.6% for 3 mm vs 54.2% for 3.6 mm and 31.3% for 4 mm (P<0.001). No differences were observed between the 2 thrombi ages (73.3% for the 3 hours old thrombi and 69.2% for the 6 hours old thrombi, P = 0.476), nor between the three tube's angulations (77.5% for no angle, 66.3% for 90° and 70.0% for 120°, P = 0.278). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION This study shows an impact of the coronary diameters on the rate of thromboaspiration success with an Export(®) catheter. Beyond 3 mm of diameter, the rate of success is divided by 2: for diameters less or equal to 3 mm, 90.3% of success vs 42.7% for diameters greater than 3 mm (P<0.001). There is no difference of efficiency between the 3 and 6 hours old thrombi, neither between the tube's angulations. However, this is a preliminary and further works are needed to clarify how to optimize the aspiration and the impact of other catheters.
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Niccoli G, Marino M, Spaziani C, Crea F. Prevention and treatment of no-reflow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:81-91. [DOI: 10.3109/17482941.2010.498919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Distal coronary macroemboli and thrombus aspiration in a patient with acute myocardial infarction. Am J Emerg Med 2010; 28:644.e1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Tamhane UU, Chetcuti S, Hameed I, Grossman PM, Moscucci M, Gurm HS. Safety and efficacy of thrombectomy in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST elevation MI: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2010; 10:10. [PMID: 20187958 PMCID: PMC2838805 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-10-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials comparing thrombectomy devices with conventional percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have produced conflicting results. The objective of our study was to systematically evaluate currently available data comparing thrombectomy followed by PCI with conventional PCI alone in patients with acute STEMI. METHODS Seventeen randomized trials (n = 3,909 patients) of thrombectomy versus PCI were included in this meta-analysis. We calculated the summary odds ratios for mortality, stroke, post procedural myocardial blush grade (MBG), thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade flow, and post procedural ST segment resolution (STR) using random-effects and fixed-effects models. RESULTS There was no difference in risk of 30-day mortality (44/1914 vs. 50/1907, OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.54-1.29, P = 0.42) among patients randomized to thrombectomy, compared with conventional PCI. Thrombectomy was associated with a significantly greater likelihood of TIMI 3 flow (1616/1826 vs. 1533/1806, OR 1.41, P = 0.007), MBG 3 (730/1526 vs. 486/1513, OR 2.42, P < 0.001), STR (923/1500 vs. 715/1494, OR 2.30, P < 0.001), and with a higher risk of stroke (14/1403 vs. 3/1413, OR 2.88, 95% CI 1.06-7.85, P = 0.04). Outcomes differed significantly between different device classes with a trend towards lower mortality with manual aspiration thrombectomy (MAT) (21/949 vs.36/953, OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35-1.01, P = 0.05), whereas mechanical devices showed a trend towards higher mortality (20/416 vs.10/418, OR 2.07, 95% CI 0.95-4.48, P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Thrombectomy devices appear to improve markers of myocardial perfusion in patients undergoing primary PCI, with no difference in overall 30-day mortality but an increased likelihood of stroke. The clinical benefits of thrombectomy appear to be influenced by the device type with a trend towards survival benefit with MAT and worsening outcome with mechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh U Tamhane
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stanley Chetcuti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Irfan Hameed
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - P Michael Grossman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mauro Moscucci
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hitinder S Gurm
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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[Thrombectomy in the acute myocardial infarction: A success in the fight against incomplete myocardial perfusion]. Med Clin (Barc) 2010; 134:211-7. [PMID: 19457506 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2009.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the preferred treatment of persistent ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction is primary angioplasty. After successful primary angioplasty, up to 30% of patients develop left ventricular dilation and heart failure, as a result of incomplete microvascular reperfusion. The pathophysiology of the microvascular dysfunction in the setting of primary angioplasty is complex and not completely known. Distal embolization of necrotic and thrombotic material acts as a mayor factor. No treatment has so far demonstrated proven efficacy in this scenario. However, several prophylactic measures have been identified. Among them, the rheolytic trombectomy offers interesting benefits both in surrogate and clinical outcome variables.
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Mongeon FP, Bélisle P, Joseph L, Eisenberg MJ, Rinfret S. Adjunctive thrombectomy for acute myocardial infarction: A bayesian meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 3:6-16. [PMID: 20118149 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.109.904037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In available trials and meta-analyses, adjunctive thrombectomy in acute myocardial infarction (MI) improves markers of myocardial reperfusion but has limited effects on clinical outcomes. Thrombectomy devices simply aspirate thrombus or mechanically fragment it before aspiration. Simple aspiration thrombectomy may offer a distinct advantage. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified 21 eligible trials (16 that used a simple aspiration thrombectomy device) involving 4299 patients with ST-segment elevation MI randomized to reperfusion therapy by primary percutaneous coronary intervention with or without thrombectomy. By using Bayesian meta-analysis methods, we found that thrombectomy yielded substantially less no-reflow (odds ratio [OR], 0.39; 95% credible interval [CrI], 0.18 to 0.69), more ST-segment resolution > or =50% (OR, 2.22; 95% CrI, 1.60 to 3.23), and more thrombolysis in myocardial infarction/myocardial perfusion grade 3 (OR, 2.50; 95% CrI, 1.48 to 4.41). There was no evidence for a decrease in death (OR, 0.94; 95% CrI, 0.47 to 1.80), death, recurrent MI, or stroke (OR, 1.07; 95% CrI, 0.63 to 1.92) with thrombectomy. Restriction of the analysis to trials that used simple aspiration thrombectomy devices did not yield substantially different results, except for a positive effect on postprocedure thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grade 3 flow (OR, 1.49; 95% CrI, 1.14 to 1.99). CONCLUSIONS In this Bayesian meta-analysis, adjunctive thrombectomy improves early markers of reperfusion but does not substantially effect 30-day post-MI mortality, reinfarction, and stroke. The use of aspiration thrombectomy devices is not associated with a reduction in post-MI clinical outcomes. Thrombectomy is one of the rare effective preventive measures against no-reflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Pierre Mongeon
- Department of Medicine, Echocardiography, and Noninvasive Cardiology Service, Montreal Heart Institute, Canada
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Heusch G, Kleinbongard P, Böse D, Levkau B, Haude M, Schulz R, Erbel R. Coronary microembolization: from bedside to bench and back to bedside. Circulation 2009; 120:1822-36. [PMID: 19884481 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.109.888784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronary microembolization from the erosion or rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque occurs spontaneously in acute coronary syndromes and iatrogenically during percutaneous coronary interventions. Typical consequences of coronary microembolization are microinfarcts with an inflammatory response, contractile dysfunction, and reduced coronary reserve. Apart from transient elevations of creatine kinase and troponin, microemboli can be visualized by intracoronary Doppler and the resulting microinfarcts by late-enhancement nuclear magnetic resonance. Statins, antiplatelet agents, and coronary vasodilators protect against microembolization and microinfarction when started before percutaneous coronary interventions. Distal protection devices can retrieve atherothrombotic debris and prevent its embolization into the microcirculation, but their effect on clinical outcome has been disappointing so far, except for saphenous vein bypass grafts. Devices for aspiration of thrombi and thrombus-derived vasoconstrictor, thrombogenic, and inflammatory substances, however, reduce thrombus burden, improve perfusion, and provide protection in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Heusch
- Institut für Pathophysiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Extrakce trombů zlepšuje prognózu u pacientů s akutním infarktem myokardu. COR ET VASA 2009. [DOI: 10.33678/cor.2009.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Intracoronary versus intravenous abciximab administration in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention—Effects on soluble CD40 ligand concentrations. Atherosclerosis 2009; 206:523-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Burzotta F, De Vita M, Gu YL, Isshiki T, Lefèvre T, Kaltoft A, Dudek D, Sardella G, Orrego PS, Antoniucci D, De Luca L, Biondi-Zoccai GGL, Crea F, Zijlstra F. Clinical impact of thrombectomy in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: an individual patient-data pooled analysis of 11 trials. Eur Heart J 2009; 30:2193-2203. [PMID: 19726437 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Thrombectomy in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated to better myocardial reperfusion. However, no single trial was adequately powered to asses the impact of thrombectomy on long-term clinical outcome and to identify patients at higher benefit. Thus, we sought to assess these issues in a collaborative individual patient-data pooled analysis of randomized studies (study acronym: ATTEMPT, number of registration: NCT00766740). METHODS AND RESULTS Individual data of 2686 patients enrolled in 11 trials entered the pooled analysis. Primary endpoint of the study was all-cause mortality. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were considered as the occurrence of all-cause death and/or target lesion/vessel revascularization and/or myocardial infarction (MI). Subgroups analysis was planned according to type of thrombectomy device (manual or non-manual), diabetic status, IIb/IIIa-inhibitor therapy, ischaemic time, infarct-related artery, pre-PCI TIMI flow. Clinical follow-up was available in 2674 (99.6%) patients at a median of 365 days. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that allocation to thrombectomy was associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality (P = 0.049). Thrombectomy was also associated with significantly reduced MACE (P = 0.011) and death + MI rate during the follow-up (P = 0.015). Subgroups analysis showed that thrombectomy is associated to improved survival in patients treated with IIb/IIIa-inhibitors (P = 0.045) and that the survival benefit is confined to patients treated in manual thrombectomy trials (P = 0.011). CONCLUSION The present large pooled analysis of randomized trials suggests that thrombectomy (in particular manual thrombectomy) significantly improves the clinical outcome in patients with STEMI undergoing mechanical reperfusion and that its effect may be additional to that of IIb/IIIa-inhibitors.
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Niccoli G, Burzotta F, Galiuto L, Crea F. Myocardial no-reflow in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54:281-92. [PMID: 19608025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 605] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In a variable proportion of patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, ranging from 5% to 50%, primary percutaneous coronary intervention achieves epicardial coronary artery reperfusion but not myocardial reperfusion, a condition known as no-reflow. Of note, no-reflow is associated with a worse prognosis at follow-up. The phenomenon has a multifactorial pathogenesis including: distal embolization, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and individual predisposition of coronary microcirculation to injury. Moreover, it is spontaneously reversible in some patients, thus suggesting that it might be amenable to treatment also when we fail to prevent it. Several recent studies have shown that biomarkers and other easily available clinical parameters can predict the risk of no-reflow and can help in the assessment of the multiple mechanisms of the phenomenon. Several therapeutic strategies have been tested for the prevention and treatment of no-reflow. In particular, thrombus aspiration before stent implantation prevents distal embolization and has been recently shown to improve myocardial perfusion and clinical outcome as compared with the standard procedure. However, it is conceivable that the relevance of each pathogenetic component of no-reflow is different in different patients, thus explaining the occurrence of no-reflow despite the use of mechanical thrombus aspiration. Thus, in this review article, for the first time, we propose a personalized management of no-reflow on the basis of the assessment of the prevailing mechanisms of no-reflow operating in each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Niccoli
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
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Niccoli G, Dʼamario D, Spaziani C, Cosentino N, Marino M, Rigattieri S, Schiavo PL, De Vita MR, Tarantino F, Bartorelli A, Fabbiocchi F, Prati F, Imola F, Valgimigli M, Ferrari R, Crea F. Randomized evaluation of intracoronary nitroprusside vs. adenosine after thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention for the prevention of no-reflow in acute myocardial infarction: the REOPEN-AMI study protocol. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2009; 10:585-92. [PMID: 19384242 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e32832b3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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De Vita M, Burzotta F, Biondi-Zoccai GGL, Lefevre T, Dudek D, Antoniucci D, Orrego PS, De Luca L, Kaltoft A, Sardella G, Zijlstra F, Isshiki T, Crea F. Individual patient-data meta-analysis comparing clinical outcome in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention with or without prior thrombectomy. ATTEMPT study: a pooled Analysis of Trials on ThrombEctomy in acute Myocardial infarction based on individual PatienT data. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2009; 5:243-247. [PMID: 19436647 PMCID: PMC2672436 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s4525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available data from randomized trials on thrombectomy in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have shown favorable trends in myocardial reperfusion. However, few data are available on the effect of thrombectomy on clinical outcome. Thus we have designed a collaborative individual patient-data meta-analysis which aimed to assess the long-term clinical outcome in STEMI patients randomized to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with or without thrombectomy. METHOD After a thorough database search, the principal investigators of randomized trials comparing thrombectomy with standard PCI in patients with STEMI were contacted. Principal investigators as authors of 11 randomized studies agreed to participate and were asked to complete a structured database by providing a series of key pre-PCI clinical and angiographic data as well as the longest available clinical outcome of the patients enrolled in the corresponding trial. The primary end-point of this pooled analysis is the comparison of overall survival rates between patients randomized to PCI with thrombectomy or PCI without thrombectomy. The secondary end-points are survival free from myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR), major adverse coronary events (MACE: death + MI + TLR) and death + MI between patients randomized to PCI with thrombectomy or PCI without thrombectomy. A pre-defined subgroup analysis is planned considering the following variables: type of thrombectomy device used, diabetes, rescue PCI, IIb/IIIa-inhibitors use, time-to-reperfusion, infarct-related artery, and pre-PCI TIMI flow. IMPLICATIONS This study will provide useful data on the effect of the reported improved myocardial perfusion associated with thrombectomy on the long-term clinical outcome in patients with STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Vita
- Cardiology Institute, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
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Lipiecki J, Monzy S, Durel N, Cachin F, Chabrot P, Muliez A, Morand D, Maublant J, Ponsonnaille J. Effect of thrombus aspiration on infarct size and left ventricular function in high-risk patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by percutaneous coronary intervention. Results of a prospective controlled pilot study. Am Heart J 2009; 157:583.e1-7. [PMID: 19249433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombus aspiration devices have been shown to improve reperfusion criteria and to reduce distal embolization in patients treated by percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in the acute phase of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). There are, however, little data about their efficacy in the reduction of infarct size. METHODS We sought to assess in a prospective randomized trial the impact of thrombus aspiration on infarct size and severity and on left ventricular function in high-risk patients with a first STEMI. The primary end point was scintigraphic infarct size, and secondary end points were infarct severity and regional and global left ventricular function. Forty-four patients with completely occluded (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow 0-1) proximal segments of infarct-related artery were randomly assigned to thrombus aspiration group with the Export catheter (n = 20) (Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, MN) or PCI-only group. A rest Tc-99-mibi gated single-photon emission computed tomographic and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were performed 6 +/- 2 days later. RESULTS Infarct size was comparable in patients in the thrombus aspiration group and PCI-only group (30.6% +/- 15.8% vs 28.5% +/- 17.9% of the left ventricle, P = .7) as was infarct severity in infarct-related artery territory (55% +/- 12% vs 55% +/- 14%, P = .9). Transmurality score as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging was similar in both groups (2.03 +/- 1.05 vs 2.16 +/- 1.21, P = .7). There was no impact of thrombus aspiration on other secondary end points. CONCLUSION In our study, thrombus aspiration with the Export catheter performed as adjunctive therapy in high-risk patients with total occlusion of the proximal part of major coronary arteries does not decrease infarct size or severity and has no effect on left ventricular regional and global function.
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Guías de Práctica Clínica de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología (ESC). Manejo del infarto agudo de miocardio en pacientes con elevación persistente del segmento ST. Rev Esp Cardiol 2009; 62:293.e1-293.e47. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-8932(09)70373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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AMIN AMITP, MAMTANI MANJUR, KULKARNI HEMANT. Factors Influencing the Benefit of Adjunctive Devices during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. J Interv Cardiol 2009; 22:49-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8183.2008.00420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Van de Werf F, Bax J, Betriu A, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, Crea F, Falk V, Filippatos G, Fox K, Huber K, Kastrati A, Rosengren A, Steg PG, Tubaro M, Verheugt F, Weidinger F, Weis M. Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with persistent ST-segment elevation: the Task Force on the Management of ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2008; 29:2909-45. [PMID: 19004841 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1425] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frans Van de Werf
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Steg PG, Ducrocq G. Devices to protect against embolization during primary angioplasty for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the good, the bad and the ugly. Eur Heart J 2008; 29:2953-4. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bavry AA, Kumbhani DJ, Bhatt DL. Role of adjunctive thrombectomy and embolic protection devices in acute myocardial infarction: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur Heart J 2008; 29:2989-3001. [PMID: 18812323 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Adjunctive thrombectomy and embolic protection devices in acute myocardial infarction have been extensively studied, although outcomes have mainly focused on surrogate markers of reperfusion. Therefore, the effect of adjunctive devices on clinical outcomes is unknown. This study sought to determine whether the use of a thrombectomy or embolic protection device during revascularization for acute myocardial infarction reduces mortality compared with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) alone. METHODS AND RESULTS The Cochrane and Medline databases were searched for clinical trials that randomized patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction to an adjuvant device prior to PCI compared with PCI alone. Devices were grouped into catheter thrombus aspiration, mechanical thrombectomy, and embolic protection. There were a total of 30 studies with 6415 patients who met our selection criteria. Over a weighted mean follow-up of 5.0 months, the incidence of mortality among all studies was 3.2% for the adjunctive device group vs. 3.7% for PCI alone (relative risk, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-1.13). Among thrombus aspiration studies, mortality was 2.7% for the adjunctive device group vs. 4.4% for PCI alone (P = 0.018), for mechanical thrombectomy, mortality was 5.3% for the adjunctive device group vs. 2.8% for PCI alone (P = 0.050), and for embolic protection, mortality was 3.1% for the adjunctive device group vs. 3.4% for PCI alone (P = 0.69). CONCLUSION Catheter thrombus aspiration during acute myocardial infarction is beneficial in reducing mortality compared with PCI alone. Mechanical thrombectomy appears to increase mortality, whereas embolic protection appears to have a neutral effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A Bavry
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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De Luca G, Dudek D, Sardella G, Marino P, Chevalier B, Zijlstra F. Adjunctive manual thrombectomy improves myocardial perfusion and mortality in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur Heart J 2008; 29:3002-10. [PMID: 18775918 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The benefits of adjunctive mechanical devices to prevent distal embolization in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are still a matter of debate. Growing interests are on manual thrombectomy devices as compared with other mechanical devices. In fact, they are inexpensive and user-friendly devices, and thus represent an attractive strategy. The aim of the current study was to perform an updated meta-analysis of randomized trials conducted with adjunctive manual thrombectomy devices to prevent distal embolization in AMI. METHODS AND RESULTS The literature was scanned by formal searches of electronic databases [MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials (http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/Cochrane_clcentral_articles_fs.html)] from January 1990 to May 2008, the scientific session abstracts (from January 1990 to May 2008) and oral presentation and/or expert slide presentations (from January 2002 to May 2008) [on transcatheter coronary therapeutics (TCT), AHA (American Heart Association), ESC (European Society of Cardiology), ACC (American College of Cardiology) and EuroPCR websites]. We examined all randomized trials on adjunctive mechanical devices to prevent distal embolization in AMI. The following keywords were used: randomized trial, myocardial infarction, reperfusion, primary angioplasty, rescue angioplasty, thrombectomy, thrombus aspiration, manual thrombectomy, Diver catheter, Pronto catheter, Export catheter, thrombus vacuum aspiration catheter. Information on study design, type of device, inclusion and exclusion criteria, number of patients, and clinical outcome was extracted by two investigators. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. A total of nine trials with 2417 patients were included [1209 patients (50.0%) in the manual thrombectomy device group and 1208 (50%) in the control group]. Adjunctive manual thrombectomy was associated with significantly improved postprocedural TIMI (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction) 3 flow (87.1 vs. 81.2%, P < 0.0001), and postprocedural MBG 3 (myocardial blush grade 3) (52.1 vs. 31.7%, P < 0.0001), less distal embolization (7.9 vs. 19.5%, P < 0.0001), and significant benefits in terms of 30-day mortality (1.7 vs. 3.1%, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrates that, among patients with AMI treated with percutaneous coronary intervention, the use of adjunctive manual thrombectomy devices is associated with better epicardial and myocardial perfusion, less distal embolization and significant reduction in 30-day mortality. Thus, adjunctive manual thrombectomy devices, if not anatomically contraindicated, should be routinely used among STEMI (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) patients undergoing primary angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe De Luca
- Division of Cardiology, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy.
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Zijlstra F. How to remove thrombus prior to stenting in patients with acute myocardial infarction? Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2008; 72:204. [PMID: 18651650 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.21687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mongeon FP, Eisenberg MJ, Rinfret S. Thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention. N Engl J Med 2008; 358:2639-40; author reply 2640-1. [PMID: 18550880 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc080514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Burzotta
- Institute of Cardiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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