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1
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Tabatabaei SA, Omrani E, Mostafavi A, Sadeghian H, Abbasi A. The utility of fragmented QRS in association with strain echocardiography in predicting significant coronary artery stenosis. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2024; 16:222-228. [PMID: 40027366 PMCID: PMC11866777 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.33253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fragmented QRS (fQRS) on a 12-lead ECG indicates electrical conduction disruption due to various cardiac issues, including coronary artery disease (CAD). This study investigated whether combining fQRS and reduced myocardial strain could predict significant CAD. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on patients with fQRS on surface ECG who underwent coronary angiography. The left ventricular strain was assessed using 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography. Results We enrolled 55 patients with fQRS and significant CAD (≥70% coronary artery stenosis) and 55 control patients (≤30% stenosis). The strain was significantly reduced in segments with fQRS and significant CAD compared with the control group. Conclusion In patients with CAD, the combination of fQRS in any ECG lead and reduced strain can predict the presence and location of a coronary artery with greater than 70% stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Omrani
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atoosa Mostafavi
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Sadeghian
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Abbasi
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Vrints C, Andreotti F, Koskinas KC, Rossello X, Adamo M, Ainslie J, Banning AP, Budaj A, Buechel RR, Chiariello GA, Chieffo A, Christodorescu RM, Deaton C, Doenst T, Jones HW, Kunadian V, Mehilli J, Milojevic M, Piek JJ, Pugliese F, Rubboli A, Semb AG, Senior R, Ten Berg JM, Van Belle E, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Vidal-Perez R, Winther S. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:3415-3537. [PMID: 39210710 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
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3
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Almaadawy O, Uretsky BF, Krittanawong C, Birnbaum Y. Target Heart Rate Formulas for Exercise Stress Testing: What Is the Evidence? J Clin Med 2024; 13:5562. [PMID: 39337046 PMCID: PMC11432587 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13185562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise stress testing (EST) is commonly used to evaluate chest pain, with some labs using 85% of age-predicted maximum heart rate (APMHR) as an endpoint for EST. The APMHR is often calculated using the formula 220-age. However, the accuracy of this formula and 85% APMHR as an endpoint may be questioned. Moreover, failing to reach 85% APMHR (known as chronotropic insufficiency) may also indicate poor cardiovascular prognosis, but measurements, such as percentage heart rate reserve (%HRR), maximum rate pressure product (MRPP), and the maximum metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) reached during EST may provide better prediction of cardiovascular outcomes than not reaching 85% of APMHR. There is a need to incorporate comprehensive measurements to improve the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of EST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Almaadawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Health, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
| | - Barry F. Uretsky
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Central Arkansas Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Chayakrit Krittanawong
- Cardiology Division, NYU Langone Health and NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Yochai Birnbaum
- The Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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4
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Pastore MC, Campora A, Mandoli GE, Lisi M, Benfari G, Ilardi F, Malagoli A, Sperlongano S, Henein MY, Cameli M, D'Andrea A. Stress echocardiography in heart failure patients: additive value and caveats. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:1117-1133. [PMID: 39060836 PMCID: PMC11306652 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by well-defined signs and symptoms due to structural and/or myocardial functional impairment, resulting in raised intracardiac pressures and/or inadequate cardiac stroke volume at rest or during exercise. This could derive from direct ischemic myocardial injury or other chronic pathological conditions, including valvular heart disease (VHD) and primary myocardial disease. Early identification of HF etiology is essential for accurate diagnosis and initiation of early and appropriate treatment. Thus, the presence of accurate means for early diagnosis of HF symptoms or subclinical phases is fundamental, among which echocardiography being the first line diagnostic investigation. Echocardiography could be performed at rest, to identify overt structural and functional abnormalities or during physical or pharmacological stress, in order to elicit subclinical myocardial function impairment e.g. wall motion abnormalities and raised ventricular filling pressures. Beyond diagnosis of ischemic heart disease, stress echocardiography (SE) has recently shown its unique value for the evaluation of diastolic heart failure, VHD, non-ischemic cardiomyopathies and pulmonary hypertension, with recommendations from international societies in several clinical settings. All these features make SE an important additional tool, not only for diagnostic assessment, but also for prognostic stratification and therapeutic management of patients with HF. In this review, the unique value of SE in the evaluation of HF patients will be described, with the objective to provide an overview of the validated methods for each setting, particularly for HF management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Pastore
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci1 , Siena, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Campora
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci1 , Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Elena Mandoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci1 , Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Lisi
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease - AUSL Romagna, Division of Cardiology, Ospedale S. Maria Delle Croci, Viale Randi 5, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benfari
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Federico II University Hospital, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Malagoli
- Division of Cardiology, Nephro-Cardiovascular Department, Baggiovara Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Simona Sperlongano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Y Henein
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matteo Cameli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci1 , Siena, Italy
| | - Antonello D'Andrea
- Department of Cardiology, Umberto I Hospital, 84014, Nocera Inferiore, SA, Italy
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5
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Hirasawa K, Izumo M, Akashi YJ. Stress echocardiography in valvular heart disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1233924. [PMID: 38162127 PMCID: PMC10755922 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1233924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Valvular heart disease (VHD) has been a significant health problem, particularly in developed countries, in relation to the aging population. Recent developments in the management of VHD require a more accurate assessment of disease severity to determine the need for transcatheter interventions or open heart surgery. Stress echocardiography is a crucial imaging modality for identifying the underlying pathology of VHD. Optimal administration of exercise or intravenous drugs may reveal hemodynamic abnormalities under stress without posing an invasive risk. Therefore, the implementation of stress echocardiography is recommended for determining interventional indications and risk stratification in mitral regurgitation and aortic stenosis. In addition, recent evidence has accumulated regarding the usefulness of stress echocardiography in various conditions including mitral stenosis, aortic regurgitation, and post-interventional VHD. Here, we summarize the current evidence and future perspectives on stress echocardiography in VHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Hirasawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Izumo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro J. Akashi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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Mathias W, Le Bihan DCDS, Hajjar LA. Stress Echocardiography: Another Hilltop, and It Is Better Than Ever. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 82:1986-1988. [PMID: 37968016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.09.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Mathias
- Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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7
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Lee C, Dow S, Shah K, Henkin S, Taub C. Complications of exercise and pharmacologic stress echocardiography. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1228613. [PMID: 37600036 PMCID: PMC10435903 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1228613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress echocardiography is a diagnostic cardiovascular exam that is commonly utilized for multiple indications, including but not limited to the assessment of obstructive coronary artery disease, valvular disease, obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and diastolic function. Stress echocardiography can be performed via both exercise and pharmacologic modalities. Exercise stress is performed with either treadmill or bicycle-based exercise. Pharmacologic stress is performed via either dobutamine or vasodilator-mediated (i.e., dipyridamole, adenosine) stress testing. Each of these modalities is associated with a low overall prevalence of major, life-threatening adverse outcomes, though adverse events are most common with dobutamine stress echocardiography. In light of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the risk of infectious complications to both the patient and stress personnel cannot be negated; however, when certain precautions are taken, the risk of infectious complications appears minimal. In this article, we review each of the stress echocardiographic modalities, examine major potential adverse outcomes and contraindications, assess the risks of stress testing in the setting of a global pandemic, and examine the utilization and safety of stress testing in special patient populations (i.e., language barriers, pediatric patients, pregnancy).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cynthia Taub
- Heart and Vascular Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
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8
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Ro SK, Sato K, Ijuin S, Sela D, Fior G, Heinsar S, Kim JY, Chan J, Nonaka H, Lin ACW, Bassi GL, Platts DG, Obonyo NG, Suen JY, Fraser JF. Assessment and diagnosis of right ventricular failure-retrospection and future directions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1030864. [PMID: 37324632 PMCID: PMC10268009 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1030864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The right ventricle (RV) has a critical role in hemodynamics and right ventricular failure (RVF) often leads to poor clinical outcome. Despite the clinical importance of RVF, its definition and recognition currently rely on patients' symptoms and signs, rather than on objective parameters from quantifying RV dimensions and function. A key challenge is the geometrical complexity of the RV, which often makes it difficult to assess RV function accurately. There are several assessment modalities currently utilized in the clinical settings. Each diagnostic investigation has both advantages and limitations according to its characteristics. The purpose of this review is to reflect on the current diagnostic tools, consider the potential technological advancements and propose how to improve the assessment of right ventricular failure. Advanced technique such as automatic evaluation with artificial intelligence and 3-dimensional assessment for the complex RV structure has a potential to improve RV assessment by increasing accuracy and reproducibility of the measurements. Further, noninvasive assessments for RV-pulmonary artery coupling and right and left ventricular interaction are also warranted to overcome the load-related limitations for the accurate evaluation of RV contractile function. Future studies to cross-validate the advanced technologies in various populations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Kyun Ro
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kei Sato
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shinichi Ijuin
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Emergency Medical Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Declan Sela
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabriele Fior
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Silver Heinsar
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, St. Andrews War Memorial Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care, North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan Chan
- Division of Cardiology, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Hideaki Nonaka
- Division of Cardiology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aaron C. W. Lin
- Division of Cardiology, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Gianluigi Li Bassi
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, St. Andrews War Memorial Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David G. Platts
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Division of Cardiology, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nchafatso G. Obonyo
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Global Health Research, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Initiative to Develop African Research Leaders (IDeAL)/KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Jacky Y. Suen
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John F. Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, St. Andrews War Memorial Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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9
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Luis SA, Ayoub C, Padang R. Paroxysmal sinus deceleration: an under-recognized show stopper. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2022; 6:ytac389. [PMID: 36420418 PMCID: PMC9593067 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytac389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Allen Luis
- Division of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chadi Ayoub
- Division of Cardiac Imaging and Stress Testing, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Ratnasari Padang
- Division of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
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10
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Peteiro J. Peak treadmill exercise echocardiography for ischemia detection. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2022; 50:1125-1133. [PMID: 36218202 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Of the stress echocardiographic methods, exercise should be the first choice for patients able to exercise, according to guidelines. Among ExE modalities, treadmill ExE with acquisition of images at peak exercise has several advantages, including high sensitivity and prognostic value. Overall, sensitivity of ExE is around 80%-85%, although figures for peak imaging on the treadmill are 85%-90%. Despite it, guidelines do not mention this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Peteiro
- Laboratory of Echocardiography, Department of Cardiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, CIBER-CV A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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11
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Medilek K, Zaloudkova L, Borg A, Brozova L, Stasek J. Myocardial injury in stress echocardiography: Comparison of dobutamine, dipyridamole and dynamic stressors-single center study. Echocardiography 2022; 39:1171-1179. [PMID: 35950564 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In stress echocardiography (SE), dipyridamole (DIP) and dynamic stress (ExSE) are reported as being safer than dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE). We investigated whether these commonly used stressors cause myocardial injury, measured by high sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT). METHODS One hundred and thirty five patients (DSE n = 46, ExsE n = 46, DIP n = 43) with negative result of SE were studied. The exclusion criteria were known ischaemic heart disease (IHD), baseline wall motion abnormalities, left ventricle systolic dysfunction/regional wall motion abnormalities, septum/posterior wall ≥13 mm, diabetes/pre-diabetes, baseline hsTnT level ≥14 ng/L, baseline blood pressure ≥160/100 mmHg, peak pulmonary pressure ≥45mmHg, eGFR <1ml/s/1.73m2 , more than mild to moderate valvular disease and dobutamine side effects. HsTnT was measured before and 180 minutes after the test. RESULTS All patients had low pre-test probabilities of having obstructive IHD. HsTnT increased in DSE, less so in ExSE, and was unchanged in the DIP group (∆hsTnT 9.4 [1.5-58.6], 1.1 [-0.9-15.7], -0.1 [-1.4-2.1] ng/L, respectively, p<0.001). In DSE, the ∆hsTnT was associated with peak dobutamine dose (r = 0.30, p = 0.045), test length (r = 0.43, p = 0.003) and atropine use (p<0.001). In ExSE, the hsTnT increase was more likely in females (p = 0.012) and the elderly (>65 years) (r = 0.32, p = 0.03); no association was found between atropine use (p = 0.786) or test length and ∆hsTnT (r = 0.10, p = 0.530). CONCLUSIONS DSE is associated with myocardial injury in patients with negative SE, no injury was observed in DIP and only mild case in ExSE. Whether myocardial injury is causative of the higher reported adverse event rates in DSE remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Medilek
- Department of Cardio-Angiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Charles University Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Zaloudkova
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Borg
- Department of Cardiology, Mater Dei Hospital, Triq Dun Karm, L-Imsida MSD, Malta.,University of Malta, Msida MSD, Malta
| | - Lucie Brozova
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Stasek
- Department of Cardio-Angiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Charles University Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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12
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Ahmed R, Carver C, Foley JRJ, Fent GJ, Garg P, Ripley DP. Cardiovascular imaging techniques for the assessment of coronary artery disease. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2022; 83:1-11. [DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2022.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent clinical trials have not demonstrated any mortality benefit of percutaneous coronary intervention compared to medical management alone in the treatment of stable angina. While invasive coronary angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosing coronary artery disease, it comes with significant risks, including myocardial infarction, stroke and death. There have been significant advances in imaging techniques to diagnose coronary artery disease in haemodynamically stable patients. The latest National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and European College of Cardiology guidelines emphasise the importance of using these imaging techniques first to inform diagnosis. This review discusses these guidelines and imaging techniques, alongside their benefits and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheel Ahmed
- Cardiology Department, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Caleb Carver
- Department of Acute Internal Medicine, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Northumbria Specialist Emergency Care Hospital, Cramlington, UK
| | - James RJ Foley
- Department of Cardiology, Pinderfields General Hospital, The Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield, UK
| | - Graham J Fent
- Department of Cardiology, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pankaj Garg
- Department of Cardiology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich, UK
| | - David P Ripley
- Department of Cardiology, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Northumbria Specialist Emergency Care Hospital, Cramlington, UK
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Huang WM, Chen CN, Chen YH, Yen JH, Tseng TY, Cheng HM, Yu WC, Chen CH, Sung SH. The feasibility and safety of stepwise protocol in cardiopulmonary exercise testing-exercise stress echocardiography for subjects with heart failure. J Chin Med Assoc 2022; 85:815-820. [PMID: 35696492 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise stress testing using a ramp protocol has been favored for cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the stepwise protocol for CPX was preferred for its possible combination with exercise stress echocardiography (ESE). We, therefore, investigated the feasibility and safety of using a stepwise protocol for CPX-ESE in patients with HF. METHODS Ambulatory outpatients with chronic HF were enrolled for a symptom-limited stepwise bicycle exercise test in the semi-supine position on a cycle ergometer. The test was started at a workload of 30 W and increased by 15 W every 3 minutes until maximal exertion. The echocardiographic and respiratory variables and any complications during the exercise were recorded. RESULTS Among a total of 36 participants (age 61.2 ± 12.4 years; 69.4% men), all subjects achieved anerobic threshold during CPX-ESE and reached 72.3% of the age-predicted peak heart rate. The peak oxygen consumption was 14.7 mL/kg/min, and the peak RER was 1.25. There were no severe adverse complications, and only two minor rhythmic events were reported: nonsustained supraventricular tachycardia and isolated ventricular premature beats. The echocardiographic images acquired at each stage were of good quality in 92.6% of all acquisitions, and the intra-observer and interobserver repeatability was >80%. CONCLUSION The stepwise protocol, with an initial workload of 30 W, followed by 15 W increments every 3 minutes, was feasible and provided an adequate stress load for patients with HF. This exercise stress modality was safe and well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Huang
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, Kinmen Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Kinmen, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiao-Nan Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yung-Hsin Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ju-Hsin Yen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Ying Tseng
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hao-Min Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- General Clinical Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Chung Yu
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Huan Chen
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Hsien Sung
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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14
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Sonaglioni A, Nicolosi GL, Rigamonti E, Lombardo M. Modified Haller index is inversely correlated with true positive exercise stress echocardiographic results. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2022; 23:524-534. [PMID: 35905007 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The influence of chest wall shape on exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) results has been poorly investigated. We aimed at evaluating the main predictors of true positive (TP)-ESE in a population of subjects with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), categorized according to chest wall conformation, assessed by modified Haller index (MHI, chest transverse diameter over the distance between sternum and spine). METHODS All consecutive patients with suspected CAD referred to our EchoLab for performing ESE between September 2011 and October 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. Preliminary assessment of both pretest probability (PTP) and MHI was performed. All patients with positive ESE underwent coronary angiography. Obstructive CAD was diagnosed by ≥70% stenosis in any epicardial coronary artery. Outcome was TP ESE result. RESULTS One thousand two hundred and seventy-five consecutive patients (64.9 ± 13.0 years) entered the study. Subjects with concave-shaped chest wall (MHI > 2.5) (10.7%) and those with normal chest shape (MHI ≤ 2.5) (89.3%) were separately analyzed. PTP was similar in both groups (21.8 ± 13.2 vs. 23.5 ± 13.3%, P = 0.15). One hundred and seventy patients were diagnosed with positive ESE: 129 (75.9%) had obstructive CAD (TP), whereas the remaining 41 (24.1%) had no CAD. Only 2.3% of TP ESE was detected in subjects with MHI >2.5. PTP [odds ratio (OR) 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.04], dyslipidemia (OR 4.37, 95% CI 2.81-6.80), dyssynergy in the left anterior descending territory (OR 8.21, 95% CI 5.07-13.3) were linearly correlated with TP ESE, whereas MHI >2.5 (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.14-0.67) was inversely associated with outcome. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with MHI >2.5 have low prevalence of TP ESE, regardless of PTP. Preliminary MHI assessment may reduce overestimation of PTP of CAD.
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15
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Nazir MS, Rodriguez-Guadarrama Y, Rua T, Bui KH, Buylova Gola A, Chiribiri A, McCrone P, Plein S, Pennington M. Cost-effectiveness in diagnosis of stable angina patients: a decision-analytical modelling approach. Open Heart 2022; 9:openhrt-2021-001700. [PMID: 35379740 PMCID: PMC8981340 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Given recent data on published diagnostic accuracies, this study sought to determine the most cost-effective diagnostic strategy for detection of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in stable angina patients using invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and fractional flow reserve (FFR) as the reference standard. Methods A probabilistic decision-analytical model was developed which modelled a cohort of patients with stable angina. We investigated 17 diagnostic strategies between standalone and combination of different imaging tests to establish a correct diagnosis of CAD, using no testing as the baseline reference. These tests included CT coronary angiography (CTCA), stress echocardiography, CT-based FFR, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), positron emission tomography, ICA, and ICA with FFR. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated as the additional cost per correct diagnosis. Results SPECT followed by CTCA and ICA-FFR is the most cost-effective strategy between a cost-effectiveness threshold (CET) value of £1000–£3000 per correct diagnosis. CMR followed by CTCA and ICA-FFR is cost-effective within a CET range of £3000–£17 000 per correct diagnosis. CMR and ICA-FFR is cost-effective within a CET range of £17 000–£24 000. ICA-FFR as first line is the most-cost effective if the CET value exceeds the £24 000 per correct diagnosis. Sensitivity analysis showed that direct ICA-FFR may be cost-effective in patients with a high pre-test probability of CAD. Conclusion First-line testing with functional imaging is cost-effective at low to intermediate value of correct diagnosis in patients with low to intermediate risk of CAD. ICA is not cost effective although ICA-FFR may be at higher CET.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yael Rodriguez-Guadarrama
- Centre for Medical Engineering, KiTEC - King's Technology Evaluation Centre, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre for Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tiago Rua
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre for Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Khan Ha Bui
- Centre for Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Buylova Gola
- Centre for Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amedeo Chiribiri
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul McCrone
- Institute for Lifecourse Development, Faculty of Education, Health & Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Sven Plein
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark Pennington
- King's Health Economics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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16
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Cotrim CA, Café H, João I, Cotrim N, Guardado J, Cordeiro P, Cotrim H, Baquero L. Exercise stress echocardiography: Where are we now? World J Cardiol 2022; 14:64-82. [PMID: 35316975 PMCID: PMC8900523 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v14.i2.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) is a widely used diagnostic test in cardiology departments. ESE is mainly used to study patients with coronary artery disease; however, it has increasingly been used in other clinical scenarios including valve pathology, congenital heart disease, hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies, athlete evaluations, diastolic function evaluation, and pulmonary circulation study. In our laboratories, we use an established methodology in which cardiac function is evaluated while exercising on a treadmill. After completing the exercise regimen, patients remain in a standing position or lie down on the left lateral decubitus, depending on the clinical questions to be answered for further evaluation. This method increases the quality and quantity of information obtained. Here, we present the various methods of exercise stress echocardiography and our experience in many clinical arenas in detail. We also present alternatives to ESE that may be used and their advantages and disadvantages. We review recent advances in ESE and future directions for this established method in the study of cardiac patients and underline the advantage of using a diagnostic tool that is radiation-free.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugo Café
- Faculdade de Medicina, Algarve University, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Isabel João
- Department of Cardiology, Garcia de Orta Hospital, Almada 2805-267, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cotrim
- Department of Medicine, Garcia de Orta Hospital, Almada 2805-267, Portugal
| | - Jorge Guardado
- Cardiovascular Unit, UCARDIO, Centro Clinico, Riachos 2350-325, Portugal
| | - Pedro Cordeiro
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Particular do Algarve, Faro 8005-226, Portugal
| | - Hortense Cotrim
- Faculdade de Medicina, Algarve University, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Luis Baquero
- Heart Center, Hospital da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa, Lisboa 1549-008, Portugal
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17
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Sonaglioni A, Nicolosi GL, Rigamonti E, Lombardo M, Gensini GF, Ambrosio G. Does chest shape influence exercise stress echocardiographic results in patients with suspected coronary artery disease? Intern Emerg Med 2022; 17:101-112. [PMID: 34052977 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-021-02773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the good specificity of exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD), false positive (FP) results may occur. We have previously reported that chest abnormalities may affect parameters of cardiac contractility. The influence of chest shape on ESE results has never been previously investigated. We retrospectively analyzed 160 consecutive patients (64.4 ± 13.0-year old, 91 women) who had undergone coronary angiography at our Institution because of positive ESE, between June 2014 and May 2020. Modified Haller index (MHI; chest transverse diameter over the distance between sternum and spine) was assessed in all patients. Obstructive CAD was diagnosed by ≥ 70% stenosis in any epicardial coronary artery. Outcome was false-positivity at ESE. 80.6% of patients were diagnosed with obstructive CAD, while 19.4% had no CAD (FP). We separately analyzed patients with normal chest shape (MHI ≤ 2.5) and those with concave-shaped chest wall (MHI > 2.5). These latter were mostly women with small cardiac chambers, mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and exercise-induced ST-segment changes. Likelihood of false-positivity was significantly higher in subjects with MHI > 2.5 than those with MHI ≤ 2.5 (30.7% vs 9.4%, p = 0.001). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, MHI > 2.5 (OR 4.04, 95%CI 1.45-11.2, p = 0.007), MVP (OR 3.47, 95%CI 1.32-9-12, p = 0.01) and dyssynergy in the left circumflex territory (OR = 3.35, 95%CI 1.26-8.93, p = 0.01) were independently associated with false-positivity. Concave-shaped chest wall (MHI > 2.5) may be associated with false-positive stress echocardiographic result. Mechanisms underpinning this finding need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sonaglioni
- Department of Cardiology, Ospedale San Giuseppe MultiMedica IRCCS, Via San Vittore 12, 20123, Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Elisabetta Rigamonti
- Department of Cardiology, Ospedale San Giuseppe MultiMedica IRCCS, Via San Vittore 12, 20123, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Lombardo
- Department of Cardiology, Ospedale San Giuseppe MultiMedica IRCCS, Via San Vittore 12, 20123, Milano, Italy
| | - Gian Franco Gensini
- Department of Cardiology, Ospedale San Giuseppe MultiMedica IRCCS, Via San Vittore 12, 20123, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ambrosio
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "S. Maria Della Misericordia", Perugia, Italy
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18
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Sonaglioni A, Rigamonti E, Nicolosi GL, Lombardo M. Prognostic Value of Modified Haller Index in Patients with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease Referred for Exercise Stress Echocardiography. J Cardiovasc Echogr 2021; 31:85-95. [PMID: 34485034 PMCID: PMC8388326 DOI: 10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_141_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The influence of chest conformation on outcome of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) is actually unknown. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included all consecutive patients who underwent exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) for suspected CAD at our institution between February 2011 and September 2019. Modified Haller index (MHI; chest transverse diameter over the distance between sternum and spine) was assessed in all patients. Obstructive CAD was diagnosed by ≥70% stenosis in any epicardial coronary artery. During the follow-up time, we evaluated the occurrence of any of the following: (1) cardiovascular (CV) hospitalizations and (2) cardiac death or sudden death. Results: A total of 1091 consecutive patients (62.4 ± 12.6 years, 57.2% of men) were included in the study. Patients with normal chest shape (MHI ≤2.5) and those with concave-shaped chest wall (MHI >2.5) were separately analyzed. A positive ESE was diagnosed in 171 patients of which 80.7% had an obstructive CAD (true positive), while 19.3 not (false positive [FP]). Majority of FP ESE (70.9%) derived from concave-shaped chest wall group. During follow-up time (2.5 ± 1.9 years), 9 patients died and 281 were hospitalized because of heart failure (163), acute coronary syndromes (39), and arrhythmias (79). At the multivariate Cox regression analysis, age (heart rate [HR]: 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.03), MHI >2.5 (HR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.26–0.56), diabetes mellitus (HR: 4.89, 95% CI: 3.78–6.32), horizontal ST depression ≥1 mm (HR: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.98–4.15), peak exercise average E/e' ratio (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.06–1.10), and peak exercise wall motion score index (HR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.36–2.35) were independently correlated with outcome. Conclusions: Patients with concave-shaped chest wall (MHI >2.5) have a significantly lower probability of CV events than those with normal chest shape (MHI ≤2.5) over a medium-term follow-up. A noninvasive chest shape assessment could identify subjects at lower risk of CV events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sonaglioni
- Department of Cardiology, San Giuseppe MultiMedica Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Lombardo
- Department of Cardiology, San Giuseppe MultiMedica Hospital, Milan, Italy
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19
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Kadoglou NPE, Papadopoulos CH, Papadopoulos KG, Karagiannis S, Karabinos I, Loizos S, Theodosis-Georgilas A, Aggeli K, Keramida K, Klettas D, Kounas S, Makavos G, Ninios I, Ntalas I, Ikonomidis I, Sahpekidis V, Stefanidis A, Zaglavara T, Athanasopoulos G, Karatasakis G, Kyrzopoulos S, Kouris N, Patrianakos A, Paraskevaidis I, Rallidis L, Savvatis K, Tsiapras D, Nihoyannopoulos P. Updated knowledge and practical implementations of stress echocardiography in ischemic and non-ischemic cardiac diseases: an expert consensus of the Working Group of Echocardiography of the Hellenic Society of Cardiology. Hellenic J Cardiol 2021; 64:30-57. [PMID: 34329766 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress echocardiography (SE) is a well-established and valid technique, widely-used for the diagnostic evaluation of patients with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiac diseases. This statement of the Echocardiography Working Group of the Hellenic Society of Cardiology summarizes the consensus of the writing group regarding the applications of SE, based on the expertise of their members and on a critical review of current medical literature. The main objectives of the consensus document include a comprehensive review of SE methodology and training, focusing on the preparation, the protocols used and the analysis of the SE images and an updated, evidence-based knowledge about SE applications on ischemic and non-ischemic heart diseases, such as in cardiomyopathies, heart failure and valvular heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P E Kadoglou
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Second Cardiology Department, "Hippokration" Hospital, Aristotle University ofThessaloniki, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Konstantina Aggeli
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Keramida
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - George Makavos
- 3rd Cardiology Department, Sotiria University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Ninios
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Interbalkan Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - George Karatasakis
- 1st Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiosurgical Center, Piraeus, Greece
| | | | - Nikos Kouris
- Cardiology Department, Thriasio Hospital, Elefsina, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Dimitrios Tsiapras
- 2nd Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiosurgical Center, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Petros Nihoyannopoulos
- Metropolitan Hospital Center, Piraeus, Greece; Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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20
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Sonaglioni A, Rigamonti E, Nicolosi GL, Lombardo M. Appropriate use criteria implementation with modified Haller index for predicting stress echocardiographic results and outcome in a population of patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 37:2917-2930. [PMID: 33961159 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-021-02274-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis that modified Haller index (MHI) integration with the existing appropriate use criteria (AUC) categories may predict exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) results and outcome of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) has never been previously investigated. We retrospectively analyzed 1230 consecutive patients (64.8 ± 13.1 years, 58.9% men) who underwent ESE for suspected CAD between February 2011 and September 2019 at our institution. MHI (chest transverse diameter over the distance between sternum and spine) was assessed in all patients. A true positive (TP) ESE was a positive ESE with obstructive CAD according to subsequent coronary angiography. During follow-up time, we evaluated the occurrence of any of the following: (1) cardiovascular (CV) hospitalizations; (2) Cardiac death or sudden death. Overall, 734 (59.7%), 357 (29.0%) and 139 (11.3%) indications for ESE were classified as appropriate (Group 1), rarely appropriate (Group 2) and which may be appropriate (Group 3), respectively. A funnel chest (defined by an MHI > 2.5) was detected in 30.3%, 82.1% and 49.6% of Groups 1, 2 and 3 subjects, respectively (p < 0.0001). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, male sex (OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.02-2.03, p = 0.01) and type-2 diabetes (OR 3.63, 95%CI 2.49-5.55, p = 0.001) were directly correlated to a TP ESE, while "rarely appropriate" indication for ESE with MHI > 2.5 (OR 0.16, 95%CI 0.11-0.22, p < 0.0001) showed a significant inverse correlation with the outcome. During a mean follow-up of 2.5 ± 1.9 years, 299 CV events occurred: 76.4%, 3.5% and 20.1% in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. On multivariate Cox regression analysis, smoking (HR 1.33, 95%CI 1.19-1.48), type 2 diabetes (HR 2.28, 95%CI 1.74-2.97), dyslipidemia (HR 3.51, 95%CI 2.33-5.15), beta-blockers (HR 0.55, 95%CI 0.41-0.75), statins (HR 0.60, 95%CI 0.45-0.80), peak exercise average E/e' ratio (HR 1.08, 95%CI 1.06-1.09), positive ESE (HR 3.12, 95%CI 2.43-4.01) and finally "rarely appropriate" indication for ESE with MHI > 2.5 (HR 0.15, 95%CI 0.08-0.23) were independently associated with CV events. The implementation of AUC categories with MHI assessment may select a group of patients with extremely low probability of both TP ESE and adverse CV events over a medium-term follow-up. A simple noninvasive chest shape assessment could reduce unnecessary exams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sonaglioni
- Department of Cardiology, Ospedale San Giuseppe MultiMedica, Via San Vittore 12, 20123, Milan, Italy. .,Ospedale San Giuseppe MultiMedica IRCCS, Via San Vittore 12, 20123, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Rigamonti
- Department of Cardiology, Ospedale San Giuseppe MultiMedica, Via San Vittore 12, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michele Lombardo
- Department of Cardiology, Ospedale San Giuseppe MultiMedica, Via San Vittore 12, 20123, Milan, Italy
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21
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Ghafoor K, Ghafoor HU, Rasla S, Dimitrios A. Bilateral Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Bilateral Intracranial Hemorrhage With Reversible Cardiomyopathy During Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography. Cureus 2021; 13:e14725. [PMID: 34079675 PMCID: PMC8159766 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dobutamine stress echocardiogram (DSE) is routinely used in the clinical assessment of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). DSE can cause serious complications including cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Even though the incidence of CVA associated with DSE is very low (<0.01%),it can be life-threatening or cause significant morbidity. We present a patient who developed acute multifocal intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) during the DSE. A 39-year-old female with no prior cardiac history presented to the outpatient echocardiography lab for DSE. She had a blunted heart rate response with increasing dose of dobutamine 30 μg/kg/min and was given one milligram of atropine. The patient complained of frontal headache, nausea, and severe dyspnea. Computed tomography head showed acute multifocal bilateral SAH, and left frontal and right parieto-occipital ICH. Hypertension is one of the risk factors for ICH and dobutamine infusion can exacerbate severe acute hypertension, which can cause acute intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Even though the risk of ICH associated with DSE is extremely low, there should be increased vigilance if there is development of severe acute hypertension, and the operator should keep a low threshold for further evaluation if the patient develops neurological symptoms.
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22
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Le TT, Ang BWY, Bryant JA, Chin CY, Yeo KK, Wong PEH, Ho KW, Tan JWC, Lee PT, Chin CWL, Cook SA. Multiparametric exercise stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease: the EMPIRE trial. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2021; 23:17. [PMID: 33658056 PMCID: PMC7931509 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-021-00705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) offers assessment of ventricular function, myocardial perfusion and viability in a single examination to detect coronary artery disease (CAD). We developed an in-scanner exercise stress CMR (ExCMR) protocol using supine cycle ergometer and aimed to examine the diagnostic value of a multiparametric approach in patients with suspected CAD, compared with invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) as the reference gold standard. METHODS In this single-centre prospective study, patients who had symptoms of angina and at least one cardiovascular disease risk factor underwent both ExCMR and invasive angiography with FFR. Rest-based left ventricular function (ejection fraction, regional wall motion abnormalities), tissue characteristics and exercise stress-derived (perfusion defects, inducible regional wall motion abnormalities and peak exercise cardiac index percentile-rank) CMR parameters were evaluated in the study. RESULTS In the 60 recruited patients with intermediate CAD risk, 50% had haemodynamically significant CAD based on FFR. Of all the CMR parameters assessed, the late gadolinium enhancement, stress-inducible regional wall motion abnormalities, perfusion defects and peak exercise cardiac index percentile-rank were independently associated with FFR-positive CAD. Indeed, this multiparametric approach offered the highest incremental diagnostic value compared to a clinical risk model (χ2 for the diagnosis of FFR-positive increased from 7.6 to 55.9; P < 0.001) and excellent performance [c-statistic area under the curve 0.97 (95% CI: 0.94-1.00)] in discriminating between FFR-normal and FFR-positive patients. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates the clinical potential of using in-scanner multiparametric ExCMR to accurately diagnose CAD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03217227, Registered 11 July 2017-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03217227?id=NCT03217227&draw=2&rank=1&load=cart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu-Thao Le
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169609, Singapore.
- Cardiovascular Sciences ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Briana W Y Ang
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
| | - Jennifer A Bryant
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Sciences ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Yang Chin
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Sciences ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khung Keong Yeo
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Sciences ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philip E H Wong
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Sciences ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kay Woon Ho
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Sciences ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jack W C Tan
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Sciences ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Phong Teck Lee
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Sciences ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Calvin W L Chin
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Sciences ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Sciences ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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23
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Risk stratification and screening for coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients with diabetes mellitus: Position paper of the French Society of Cardiology and the French-speaking Society of Diabetology. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 114:150-172. [PMID: 33309203 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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24
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Exercise cardiovascular magnetic resonance: feasibility and development of biventricular function and great vessel flow assessment, during continuous exercise accelerated by Compressed SENSE: preliminary results in healthy volunteers. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 37:685-698. [PMID: 33011851 PMCID: PMC7900338 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-020-02044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Exercise cardiovascular magnetic resonance (Ex-CMR) typically requires complex post-processing or transient exercise cessation, decreasing clinical utility. We aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of assessing biventricular volumes and great vessel flow during continuous in-scanner Ex-CMR, using vendor provided Compressed SENSE (C-SENSE) sequences and commercial analysis software (Cvi42). Methods 12 healthy volunteers (8-male, age: 35 ± 9 years) underwent continuous supine cycle ergometer (Lode-BV) Ex-CMR (1.5T Philips, Ingenia). Free-breathing, respiratory navigated C-SENSE short-axis cines and aortic/pulmonary phase contrast magnetic resonance (PCMR) sequences were validated against clinical sequences at rest and used during low and moderate intensity Ex-CMR. Optimal PCMR C-SENSE acceleration, C-SENSE-3 (CS3) vs C-SENSE-6 (CS6), was further investigated by image quality scoring. Intra-and inter-operator reproducibility of biventricular and flow indices was performed. Results All CS3 PCMR image quality scores were superior (p < 0.05) to CS6 sequences, except pulmonary PCMR at moderate exercise. Resting stroke volumes from clinical PCMR sequences correlated stronger with CS3 than CS6 sequences. Resting biventricular volumes from CS3 and clinical sequences correlated very strongly (r > 0.93). During Ex-CMR, biventricular end-diastolic volumes (EDV) remained unchanged, except right-ventricular EDV decreasing at moderate exercise. Biventricular ejection-fractions increased at each stage. Exercise biventricular cine and PCMR stroke volumes correlated very strongly (r ≥ 0.9), demonstrating internal validity. Intra-observer reproducibility was excellent, co-efficient of variance (COV) < 10%. Inter-observer reproducibility was excellent, except for resting right-ventricular, and exercise bi-ventricular end-systolic volumes which were good (COV 10–20%). Conclusion Biventricular function, aortic and pulmonary flow assessment during continuous Ex-CMR using CS3 sequences is feasible, reproducible and analysable using commercially available software.
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Craven TP, Tsao CW, La Gerche A, Simonetti OP, Greenwood JP. Exercise cardiovascular magnetic resonance: development, current utility and future applications. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2020; 22:65. [PMID: 32907587 PMCID: PMC7488086 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-020-00652-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress cardiac imaging is the current first line investigation for coronary artery disease diagnosis and decision making and an adjunctive tool in a range of non-ischaemic cardiovascular diseases. Exercise cardiovascular magnetic resonance (Ex-CMR) has developed over the past 25 years to combine the superior image qualities of CMR with the preferred method of exercise stress. Presently, numerous exercise methods exist, from performing stress on an adjacent CMR compatible treadmill to in-scanner exercise, most commonly on a supine cycle ergometer. Cardiac conditions studied by Ex-CMR are broad, commonly investigating ischaemic heart disease and congenital heart disease but extending to pulmonary hypertension and diabetic heart disease. This review presents an in-depth assessment of the various Ex-CMR stress methods and the varied pulse sequence approaches, including those specially designed for Ex-CMR. Current and future developments in image acquisition are highlighted, and will likely lead to a much greater clinical use of Ex-CMR across a range of cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Craven
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Connie W Tsao
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, RW-453, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Andre La Gerche
- Clinical Research Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- National Centre for Sports Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Australia
| | | | - John P Greenwood
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Noninvasive Testing for Diagnosis of Stable Coronary Artery Disease in the Elderly. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176263. [PMID: 32872444 PMCID: PMC7503866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient diagnostic approaches to detect coronary artery disease (CAD) in elderly patients are necessary to ensure optimal and timely treatment. The population of suspected CAD patients older than 70 years is especially vulnerable and constantly growing. Finding the optimal diagnostic approach is challenging due to certain features of this population, such as high prevalence of comorbidities, existing contraindications to exercise tests or cognitive decline, which hinders correct assessment of the patient's situation. Moreover, some symptoms of CAD can have variable significance in the elderly compared to younger adult groups. In this review, we present current recommendations of the United States (US) and European cardiologists' associations and discuss their applicability for diagnostics in the elderly population. Exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) and exercise stress echocardiography (SE) tests are not feasible for a substantial proportion of elderly patients. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) appears to be an attractive alternative for such patients, but is not universally applicable; for instance, it is problematic in patients with significant calcification of the vessels. Moreover, more studies are needed to compare the results delivered by CTA to those of other diagnostic methods. Future efforts should be focused on comparative studies to better understand the limits and advantages of different diagnostic methods and their combinations. It is possible that some of the currently used diagnostic criteria could be improved to better accommodate the needs of the elderly population.
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Valensi P, Henry P, Boccara F, Cosson E, Prevost G, Emmerich J, Ernande L, Marcadet D, Mousseaux E, Rouzet F, Sultan A, Ferrières J, Vergès B, Van Belle E. Risk stratification and screening for coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients with diabetes mellitus: Position paper of the French Society of Cardiology and the French-speaking Society of Diabetology. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2020; 47:101185. [PMID: 32846201 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Valensi
- Unit of Endocrinology Diabetology Nutrition, AP-HP, Jean Verdier hospital, CINFO, CRNH-IdF, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bondy, France
| | - Patrick Henry
- Department of Cardiology, Inserm U942, Lariboisiere Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Franck Boccara
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux de l'Est Parisien, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Department of Cardiology, Sorbonne Université-Inserm UMR S_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Cosson
- AP-HP, Avicenne Hospital, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition, CRNH-IdF, CINFO, Bobigny, France; Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR U557 Inserm/U11125 INRAE/CNAM/Université Paris13, Unité de Recherche Epidémiologique Nutritionnelle, Bobigny, France
| | - Gaetan Prevost
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC-CRB)-Inserm 1404, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Joseph Emmerich
- Service de Médecine Vasculaire, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Université de Paris, Inserm UMR1153-CRESS, 75674 Paris cedex 14, France
| | - Laura Ernande
- Service des explorations fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP et Inserm U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, France
| | - Dany Marcadet
- Centre Coeur et Santé Bernoulli - Cardiologie du sport et Réadaptation Cardiaque, 3, rue Bernoulli, 75008 Paris, France
| | - Elie Mousseaux
- Radiology Department, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou & Inserm U 970; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, French Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (SFICV), Paris, France
| | - François Rouzet
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP Paris - Université de Paris, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Inserm, UMR 1148, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Ariane Sultan
- Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Coeur et des Muscles (PHYMEDEX), U1046 Inserm, UMR9214 CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier; Département Endocrinologie, Nutrition, Diabète, Equipe Nutrition, Diabète, CHRU Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Ferrières
- Department of Cardiology and UMR Inserm 1027, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse University School of Medicine, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Vergès
- Service Endocrinologie-Diabétologie, CHU Dijon - Inserm LNC-UMR 1231, Dijon, France
| | - Eric Van Belle
- Department of Interventional Cardiology for Coronary, Valves and Structural Heart Diseases, Institut Coeur Poumon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EGID, Lille, France; Department of Medicine, Université de Lille, Lille, France
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Kozlov SG, Chernova OV, Veselova TN, Ternovoy SK. [The Diagnostic Accuracy of Сoronary Сomputed Tomography Angiography in the Diagnosis of Stable Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Aged 70 Years and Older]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 59:28-34. [PMID: 31849308 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2019.12.n565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of сoronary сomputed tomography angiography (CCTA) in the diagnosis of stable coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients aged ≥70 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 390 patients aged ≥70 years with symptoms suggested stable CAD which underwent elective coronary artery angiography (CAG). Initially the prevalence of angiographically significant CAD was estimated according to the gender and chest pain character, and identifications of patients in whom CCTA was appropriate. After that diagnostic accuracy and сost-efficiency of CCTA in the diagnosis of stable CAD in 82 patients with atypical angina and non-anginal chest pain were evaluated. RESULTS The prevalence of obstructive CAD in patients with typical angina was very high and they were excluded from the final analysis. Among 82 patients with atypical angina and non-anginal pain which underwent CCTA 48 (59%) patients had obstructive CAD. CСTA data matched with results of CAG in all cases. Among 34 patients that had non-obstructive CAD the results of CCTA and CAG matched in 88% cases. CCTA has sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of 100%, 88%, 92% and 100% respectively. The likelihood ratio for positive result was 8.3, likelihood ratio for negative result was 0.3. Positive result increased post-test probability of obstructive CAD from 42% to 86%, negative result reduced post-test probability of obstructive CAD to 0%. CONCLUSION negative CCTA result in patients aged 70 years and older with atypical angina and non-anginal pain allows to exclude the presence of obstructive CAD. The likelihood ratio for positive result indicates a moderately difference between the pre-test and post-test probability of the presence of obstructive CAD. In patients aged ≥70 years with atypical angina or non-anginal chest pain which have inconclusive results of functional testing or unable undergo functional testing CCTA allows to increase diagnostic yield of CAG and reduce the frequency of minor complications and diagnostic evaluation costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kozlov
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology
| | | | | | - S K Ternovoy
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
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Carmo Rassi D, Hotta VT, Gomes Furtado R, Campos Vieira ML, Paula Turco F, Henrique Melato L, Godoy Nunes C, Rassi L, Rassi S. Incidence and variables associated with arrhythmias during dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography among patients with Chagas disease. Echocardiography 2019; 36:1338-1345. [PMID: 31264737 DOI: 10.1111/echo.14341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) is an important tool in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. However, there is hesitation in clinical practice for using it in patients with Chagas disease (CD) due to the arrhythmogenic potential of this heart condition. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and variables associated with arrhythmias during DSE in a population of patients with CD. METHODS A population of 205 consecutive patients with CD and suspected coronary heart disease was assessed through a retrospective database analysis. CD was confirmed in all patients by serological testing. RESULTS The mean age of the patients selected was 64 years, and 65.4% of the patients were female. Significant arrhythmias occurred as follows: nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in 7.3% of patients; supraventricular tachycardia and sustained ventricular tachycardia in 1%; and atrial fibrillation in 0.5%. Nonsignificant arrhythmias occurred as follows: premature ventricular contractions in 48% of patients and bigeminy in 4.4%. Values for the wall-motion score index at rest greater than 1.12 and 1.18 were independently correlated with the occurrence of nonsignificant arrhythmias (odds ratio [OR] = 2.90, P < 0.001) and significant arrhythmias (OR = 4.23, P = 0.044), respectively. CONCLUSION DSE should be considered a safe examination in patients with CD despite the known increased risk of arrhythmias in this group of patients. The occurrence of arrhythmias was low in this study. Abnormal wall-motion score index values at rest were associated with the occurrence of significant and nonsignificant arrhythmias during the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Carmo Rassi
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- CDI - Centro de Diagnóstico por Imagem, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Hospital São Francisco de Assis, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Viviane Tiemi Hotta
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luiz Rassi
- CDI - Centro de Diagnóstico por Imagem, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Salvador Rassi
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Aggeli C, Dimitroglou Y, Tousoulis D. Does Safety of Single-Line Infusion of Dobutamine and Ultrasound Enhancing Agents Remain an Issue? J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2019; 32:792. [PMID: 30926405 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantina Aggeli
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Athens University Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Yannis Dimitroglou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Athens University Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Athens University Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Sicari R, Cortigiani L, Arystan AZ, Fettser DV. [The Clinical use of Stress Echocardiography in Ischemic Heart Disease Cardiovascular Ultrasound (2017)15:7. Translation authors: Arystan A.Zh., Fettser D.V.]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 59:78-96. [PMID: 30990145 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2019.3.10244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Stress echocardiography is an established technique for the assessment of extent and severity of coronary artery disease. The combination of echocardiography with a physical, pharmacological or electrical stress allows detecting myocardial ischemia with an excellent accuracy. A transient worsening of regional function during stress is the hallmark of inducible ischemia. Stress echocardiography provides similar diagnostic and prognostic accuracy as radionuclide stress perfusion imaging or magnetic resonance, but at a substantially lower cost, without environmental impact, and with no biohazards for the patient and the physician. The evidence on its clinical impact has been collected over 35 years, based on solid experimental, pathophysiological, technological and clinical foundations. There is the need to implement the combination of wall motion and coronary flow reserve, assessed in the left anterior descending artery, into a single test. The improvement of technology and in imaging quality will make this approach more and more feasible. The future issues in stress echo will be the possibility of obtaining quantitative information translating the current qualitative assessment of regional wall motion into a number. The next challenge for stress echocardiography is to overcome its main weaknesses: dependence on operator expertise, the lack of outcome data (a widespread problem in clinical imaging) to document the improvement of patient outcomes. This paper summarizes the main indications for the clinical applications of stress echocardiography to ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Zh Arystan
- Medical Centre Hospital of President's Affairs Administration of the RK, Astana
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Clinical effectiveness of a sonographer-led, cardiologist-interpreted stress echocardiography service in the rapid access stable chest pain clinic. Int J Cardiol 2019; 281:107-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kyriakopoulou M, Mirica DC, Casado-Arroyo R. Persistent but reversible advanced atrio-ventricular block in a heart transplant man induced by dobutamine stress echocardiography. J Electrocardiol 2018; 51:1035-1038. [PMID: 30497726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dobutamine when used for stress echocardiography (DSE), it rarely causes transient atrio-ventricular (AV) block. We report a heart transplant patient with high cardiovascular risk who developed symptomatic advanced AV block during DSE which persisted after termination of dobutamine administration, necessitating pacemaker implantation. To our knowledge, this is the first published case of persistent high grade AV block in a heart transplant patient induced by DSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kyriakopoulou
- Cardiology Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - D C Mirica
- Cardiology Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - R Casado-Arroyo
- Cardiology Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium
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Picano E, Ciampi Q, Wierzbowska-Drabik K, Urluescu ML, Morrone D, Carpeggiani C. The new clinical standard of integrated quadruple stress echocardiography with ABCD protocol. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2018; 16:22. [PMID: 30285774 PMCID: PMC6167852 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-018-0141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection of regional wall motion abnormalities is the cornerstone of stress echocardiography. Today, stress echo shows increasing trends of utilization due to growing concerns for radiation risk, higher cost and stronger environmental impact of competing techniques. However, it has also limitations: underused ability to identify factors of clinical vulnerability outside coronary artery stenosis; operator-dependence; low positivity rate in contemporary populations; intermediate risk associated with a negative test; limited value of wall motion beyond coronary artery disease. Nevertheless, stress echo has potential to adapt to a changing environment and overcome its current limitations. INTEGRATED-QUADRUPLE STRESS-ECHO Four parameters now converge conceptually, logistically, and methodologically in the Integrated Quadruple (IQ)-stress echo. They are: 1- regional wall motion abnormalities; 2-B-lines measured by lung ultrasound; 3-left ventricular contractile reserve assessed as the stress/rest ratio of force (systolic arterial pressure by cuff sphygmomanometer/end-systolic volume from 2D); 4- coronary flow velocity reserve on left anterior descending coronary artery (with color-Doppler guided pulsed wave Doppler). IQ-Stress echo allows a synoptic functional assessment of epicardial coronary artery stenosis (wall motion), lung water (B-lines), myocardial function (left ventricular contractile reserve) and coronary small vessels (coronary flow velocity reserve in mid or distal left anterior descending artery). In "ABCD" protocol, A stands for Asynergy (ischemic vs non-ischemic heart); B for B-lines (wet vs dry lung); C for Contractile reserve (weak vs strong heart); D for Doppler flowmetry (warm vs cold heart, since the hyperemic blood flow increases the local temperature of the myocardium). From the technical (acquisition/analysis) viewpoint and required training, B-lines are the kindergarten, left ventricular contractile reserve the primary (for acquisition) and secondary (for analysis) school, wall motion the university, and coronary flow velocity reserve the PhD program of stress echo. CONCLUSION Stress echo is changing. As an old landline telephone with only one function, yesterday stress echo used one sign (regional wall motion abnormalities) for one patient with coronary artery disease. As a versatile smart-phone with multiple applications, stress echo today uses many signs for different pathophysiological and clinical targets. Large scale effectiveness studies are now in progress in the Stress Echo2020 project with the omnivorous "ABCD" protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Picano
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council Research, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Quirino Ciampi
- Fatebenefratelli Hospital of Benevento, Viale Principe di Napoli, 12, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Karina Wierzbowska-Drabik
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Bieganski Hospital, Ul Kniaziewicza 1/5, 91-347 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Doralisa Morrone
- Cardiothoracic department, Cisanello Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clara Carpeggiani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council Research, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Ntoskas T, Ahmad F, Woodmansey P. Safety and efficacy of physiologist-led dobutamine stress echocardiography: experience from a tertiary cardiac centre. Echo Res Pract 2018; 5:105-112. [PMID: 30303679 PMCID: PMC6074818 DOI: 10.1530/erp-18-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) services have traditionally been medically led. In some UK institutions, DSE lists are led by physiologists with medical support. In our tertiary cardiac centre at New Cross Hospital (NCH), the DSE service was established by a consultant echocardiographer. Following intensive training and assessment, the Trust approved drug administration by named senior cardiac physiologists. We believe this is the first report of a cardiac physiologist-managed DSE service, including physiologist drug administration. We have assessed the feasibility, safety and validity of this physiologist-led DSE service. Methods Retrospective analysis of 333 patients undergoing stress echocardiogram for inducible reversible ischaemia, myocardial viability and valvular heart disease over 6 months. Patients’ case notes review after 18–24 months. Results Overall, 92% of all cases (306) were performed by physiologists. In 300 studies, dobutamine was administered. The majority of the referrals were for coronary artery disease (CAD) assessment (281). In 235 cases, the study was uncomplicated. Sixty-seven patients developed dobutamine-related side effects. In 16 cases, complications led to early termination of the study. In two cases, urgent medical review was needed. Of the 281 studies for CAD assessment, 239 were negative for ischaemia, 28 were positive and 14 inconclusive. In 5 out of 28 cases with echocardiogram, evidence of inducible ischaemia, coronary angiography revealed unobstructed coronary arteries. Conclusion This study demonstrates the safety and effectiveness of this practice and provides potential for the expansion of the physiologists’ role and physiologist-led DSE services in other hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Ntoskas
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Centre, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Farhanda Ahmad
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Centre, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Paul Woodmansey
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Centre, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
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Cortigiani L, Carpeggiani C, Sicari R, Michelassi C, Bovenzi F, Picano E. Simple six-item clinical score improves risk prediction capability of stress echocardiography. Heart 2017; 104:760-766. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesTo assess the value of a simple score integrating non-ischaemia-related variables in expanding the wall motion abnormalities risk power during stress echocardiography (SE).MethodsStudy includes 14 279 patients who underwent SE for evaluation of coronary artery disease. All-cause death was the end point. Patients were randomly divided into the modelling and validation group of equal size. In the modelling group, multivariate analysis was conducted using clinical, rest and SE data, and a score was obtained from the number of non-ischaemia-related independent prognostic predictors. The score prognostic capability was compared in both groups.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 31 months, 1230 patients died: 622 (9%) in the modelling and 608 (9%) in the validation group (p=0.68). Independent predictors of mortality were ischaemia at SE (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.12; p<0.0001) and six other parameters: age>65 years, wall motion at rest, diabetes, left bundle branch block, anti-ischaemic therapy and male sex. Risk score resulted prognostically effective in the modelling and validation groups, both with and without inducible ischaemia subset. When risk score was included in the multivariate analysis, besides ischaemia at SE it was the only independent predictor of mortality in the modelling (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.60 to 1.82; p<0.0001), in the validation (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.65 to 1.90; p<0.0001) and in the overall group (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.66 to 1.82; p<0.0001).ConclusionsSimple clinical variables may be able to optimise SE risk stratification.
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Khan JN, Griffiths T, Fatima T, Michael L, Mihai A, Mustafa Z, Sandhu K, Butler R, Duckett S, Heatlie G. Feasibility of physiologist-led stress echocardiography for the assessment of coronary artery disease. Echo Res Pract 2017; 4:29-36. [PMID: 28592522 PMCID: PMC5510440 DOI: 10.1530/erp-17-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiologist-led stress echocardiography (PLSE) services provide potential for expansion of SE services and increased productivity for cardiologists. There are however no published data on the feasibility of PLSE. We sought to assess the feasibility, safety and robustness of PLSE and cardiologist-led stress echocardiography (CLSE) for coronary artery disease (CAD) assessment. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 898 patients undergoing PLSE or CLSE for CAD assessment using exercise or dobutamine stress over 24 months. PLSE involved 2 cardiac physiologists (exercise) or 1 physiologist plus 1 cardiac nurse (dobutamine). A cardiology registrar was present in the echocardiography department during PLSE in case of medical complications. CLSE involved 1 physiologist and 1 trainee cardiologist who analysed the study and reviewed findings with an imaging cardiologist. Sixteen-segment wall motion scoring (WMS, WMSI) analysis was performed. Feasibility (stressor, image quality, proportion of completed studies, agreement with imaging cardiologist analysis) and safety (complication rate) were compared for PLSE and CLSE. RESULTS The majority of studies were CLSE (56.2%) and used dobutamine (68.7%). PLSE more commonly used exercise (69.2%). Overall, 96% of studies were successfully completed (>14 diagnostic segments in 98%, P = 0.899 PLSE vs CLSE). Commencement of PLSE was associated with an increase in annual SE's performed for CAD assessment. Complication rates were comparably very low for PLSE and CLSE (0.8% vs 1.8%, P = 0.187). There was excellent agreement between PLSE and CLSE WMS interpretation of 480 myocardial segments at rest (κ = 0.87) and stress (κ = 0.70) and WMSI (ICCs and Pearson's r >0.90, zero Bland-Altman mean bias). CONCLUSION This to our knowledge is the first study of the feasibility of PLSE. PLSE performed by well-trained physiologists is feasible and safe in contemporary practice. PLSE and CLSE interpretation of stress echocardiography for CAD agree very closely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal N Khan
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, England, UK
| | - Timothy Griffiths
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, England, UK
| | - Tamseel Fatima
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, England, UK
| | - Leah Michael
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, England, UK
| | - Andreea Mihai
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, England, UK
| | - Zeeshan Mustafa
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, England, UK
| | - Kully Sandhu
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, England, UK
| | - Robert Butler
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, England, UK
| | - Simon Duckett
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, England, UK
| | - Grant Heatlie
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, England, UK
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Sicari R, Cortigiani L. The clinical use of stress echocardiography in ischemic heart disease. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2017; 15:7. [PMID: 28327159 PMCID: PMC5361820 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-017-0099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress echocardiography is an established technique for the assessment of extent and severity of coronary artery disease. The combination of echocardiography with a physical, pharmacological or electrical stress allows to detect myocardial ischemia with an excellent accuracy. A transient worsening of regional function during stress is the hallmark of inducible ischemia. Stress echocardiography provides similar diagnostic and prognostic accuracy as radionuclide stress perfusion imaging or magnetic resonance, but at a substantially lower cost, without environmental impact, and with no biohazards for the patient and the physician. The evidence on its clinical impact has been collected over 35 years, based on solid experimental, pathophysiological, technological and clinical foundations. There is the need to implement the combination of wall motion and coronary flow reserve, assessed in the left anterior descending artery, into a single test. The improvement of technology and in imaging quality will make this approach more and more feasible. The future issues in stress echo will be the possibility of obtaining quantitative information translating the current qualitative assessment of regional wall motion into a number. The next challenge for stress echocardiography is to overcome its main weaknesses: dependance on operator expertise, the lack of outcome data (a widesperad problem in clinical imaging) to document the improvement of patient outcomes. This paper summarizes the main indications for the clinical applications of stress echocardiography to ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Sicari
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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Rassi DDC, Vieira MLC, Furtado RG, Turco FDP, Melato LH, Hotta VT, Nunes CGDO, Rassi Jr. L, Rassi S. Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography Safety in Chagas Disease Patients. Arq Bras Cardiol 2017; 108:122-128. [PMID: 28099588 PMCID: PMC5344656 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20170002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A few decades ago, patients with Chagas disease were predominantly rural workers, with a low risk profile for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). As urbanization has increased, they became exposed to the same risk factors for CAD of uninfected individuals. Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) has proven to be an important tool in CAD diagnosis. Despite being a potentially arrhythmogenic method, it is safe for coronary patients without Chagas disease. For Chagas disease patients, however, the indication of DSE in clinical practice is uncertain, because of the arrhythmogenic potential of that heart disease. OBJECTIVES: To assess DSE safety in Chagas disease patients with clinical suspicion of CAD, as well as the incidence of arrhythmias and adverse events during the exam. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of a database of patients referred for DSE from May/2012 to February/2015. This study assessed 205 consecutive patients with Chagas disease suspected of having CAD. All of them had their serology for Chagas disease confirmed. RESULTS: Their mean age was 64±10 years and most patients were females (65.4%). No patient had significant adverse events, such as acute myocardial infarction, ventricular fibrillation, asystole, stroke, cardiac rupture and death. Regarding arrhythmias, ventricular extrasystoles occurred in 48% of patients, and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia in 7.3%. CONCLUSION: DSE proved to be safe in this population of Chagas disease patients, in which no potentially life-threatening outcome was found. FUNDAMENTO: Até poucas décadas atrás, os pacientes chagásicos eram predominantemente trabalhadores rurais, com baixo perfil de risco para doença obstrutiva coronária. Com a crescente urbanização, passaram a ter os mesmos fatores de risco para doença aterosclerótica que indivíduos não infectados. O ecocardiograma sob estresse com dobutamina (EED) é uma importante ferramenta no diagnóstico de coronariopatia. É referido, porém, como um método potencialmente arritmogênico, mas seguro, em pacientes coronarianos não chagásicos. Entretanto, há insegurança na prática clínica de indicá-lo no paciente chagásico, devido ao potencial arritmogênico já intrínseco nesta cardiopatia. OBJETIVOS: Analisar a segurança do EED em uma população de chagásicos com suspeita clínica de coronariopatia. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de um banco de dados de pacientes encaminhados para a realização do EED entre maio/2012 e fevereiro/2015. Avaliou-se pacientes consecutivos portadores de doença de Chagas e com suspeita de coronariopatia. Confirmou-se a sorologia para doença de Chagas em todos os pacientes. RESULTADOS: A média etária dos 205 pacientes analisados foi de 64 ± 10 anos, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (65,4%). Nenhum paciente apresentou eventos adversos significativos, como infarto agudo do miocárdio, fibrilação ventricular, assistolia, acidente vascular encefálico, ruptura cardíaca ou morte. Quanto às arritmias, extrassístoles ventriculares frequentes ocorreram em 48% dos pacientes, taquicardia ventricular não sustentada em 7,3%, bigeminismo em 4,4%, taquicardia supraventricular e taquicardia ventricular sustentada em 1% e fibrilação atrial em 0,5%. CONCLUSÃO: O EED mostrou ser um exame seguro nessa população de pacientes chagásicos, onde nenhum desfecho grave foi encontrado.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela do Carmo Rassi
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de
Goiás (UFG) - Brazil
- Centro de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDI),
Goiânia, GO - Brazil
- Hospital São Francisco de Assis; Goiânia,
GO - Brazil
| | - Marcelo Luiz Campos Vieira
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) - Faculdade de
Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Viviane Tiemi Hotta
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) - Faculdade de
Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Rassi Jr.
- Centro de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDI),
Goiânia, GO - Brazil
| | - Salvador Rassi
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de
Goiás (UFG) - Brazil
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Lancellotti P, Pellikka PA, Budts W, Chaudhry FA, Donal E, Dulgheru R, Edvardsen T, Garbi M, Ha JW, Kane GC, Kreeger J, Mertens L, Pibarot P, Picano E, Ryan T, Tsutsui JM, Varga A. The Clinical Use of Stress Echocardiography in Non-Ischaemic Heart Disease: Recommendations from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017; 30:101-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Lancellotti P, Pellikka PA, Budts W, Chaudhry FA, Donal E, Dulgheru R, Edvardsen T, Garbi M, Ha JW, Kane GC, Kreeger J, Mertens L, Pibarot P, Picano E, Ryan T, Tsutsui JM, Varga A. The clinical use of stress echocardiography in non-ischaemic heart disease: recommendations from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 17:1191-1229. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jew190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Zagatina A, Zhuravskaya N, Egom E, Kovacova G, Kruzliak P. A novel method for left anterior coronary artery flow velocity assessment by transthoracic echocardiography at the peak of a supine bicycle test. Acta Radiol 2016; 57:1056-65. [PMID: 26676763 DOI: 10.1177/0284185115617350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of coronary flow is only performed during pharmacological tests. Supine bicycle tests permit the visualization of coronary flow assessments during exercise. PURPOSE To assess the parameters of coronary flow in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) during exercise, which could be a sign of significant LAD narrowing. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 253 patients were enrolled: Group 1, 186 non-selective participants before undergoing a coronary angiography; and Group 2, 67 controls without coronary artery disease (CAD). All the patients performed a supine bicycle echocardiography test. Coronary flow velocities and coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) were measured at the mid-segment of the LAD during exercise. Patients in Group 1 underwent a coronary angiography. RESULTS In comparison with participants without significant LAD stenosis, patients with LAD lesions had a lower ΔV (16 ± 21 vs. 27 ± 20 cm/s, P < 0.04) and a lower CFVR (1.5 ± 0.8 vs. 2.0 ± 0.6, P < 0.004). In comparison with patients without significant proximal LAD stenosis, the patients with proximal LAD lesions had a lower flow velocity at the peak of exercise (49 ± 32 vs. 61 ± 19 cm/s, P < 0.02), a lower ΔV (13 ± 19 vs. 26 ± 22 cm/s, P < 0.004), and a lower CFVR (1.4 ± 0.6 vs. 1.9 ± 0.7, P < 0.0001). In comparison with the control group, the patients with LAD stenosis had a lower flow velocity at the peak of exercise, a lower ΔV, and a lower CFVR. CONCLUSION Non-invasive CFVR measurement in the LAD could provide valuable additional information to a conventional echocardiography exercise test. In routine clinical practice, CFVR is sufficient for a diagnosis of severe stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emmanuel Egom
- Egom Clinical and Translational Research Services, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Gabriela Kovacova
- Fifth Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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The declining frequency of inducible myocardial ischemia during stress echocardiography over 27 consecutive years (1983-2009). Int J Cardiol 2016; 224:57-61. [PMID: 27611918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.08.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested a decline in positivity of stress cardiac imaging, suggesting the need for developing better strategies for test selection to achieve acceptable cost-effectiveness balance. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the rate of positivity of stress echocardiography (SE) over 27 consecutive years. METHODS We assessed the rate of SE positivity in 2007 patients without previous myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization who performed SE in a tertiary care referral center from 1983 to 2009. SE was performed with dipyridamole (1427), dobutamine (136) or exercise (444). RESULTS There was a progressive decline over time in the rate of SE positivity from 42% (1983-1991) to 22% (2001-2009), with a relative increase of patients with low pre-test probability of disease (from 5% to 27%). The percentage of patients studied with SE under anti-ischemic therapy increased markedly (from 8% in the first to 61% in the last nine years). CONCLUSION Over 27 consecutive years, we observed a steady decline in SE positivity rate (with >5-fold increase of low probability patients), with almost 8-fold increase in anti-ischemic therapy at testing. We probably need refined criteria of referral for testing and/or better ways to titrate the negative response beyond wall motion abnormalities during SE.
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Dilsizian V, Gewirtz H, Paivanas N, Kitsiou AN, Hage FG, Crone NE, Schwartz RG. Serious and potentially life threatening complications of cardiac stress testing: Physiological mechanisms and management strategies. J Nucl Cardiol 2015; 22:1198-213; quiz 1195-7. [PMID: 25975944 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasken Dilsizian
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Henry Gewirtz
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology Division), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas Paivanas
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Fadi G Hage
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nathan E Crone
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ronald G Schwartz
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology) and Imaging Sciences (Nuclear Medicine), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Argulian E, Chaudhry FA. Evaluating left ventricular systolic dysfunction: Stress echocardiography. J Nucl Cardiol 2015; 22:957-60. [PMID: 26153256 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-015-0116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Argulian
- Mount Sinai St Luke's Hospital, 1111 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Farooq A Chaudhry
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
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Abram S, Arruda-Olson AM, Scott CG, Pellikka PA, Nkomo VT, Oh JK, Milan A, McCully RB. Typical blood pressure response during dobutamine stress echocardiography of patients without known cardiovascular disease who have normal stress echocardiograms. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015. [PMID: 26206464 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jev165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Blood pressure (BP) responses during dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) have not been systematically studied. Consequently, it is not known what constitutes a normal or an abnormal BP response to dobutamine stress. We sought to define the typical BP response during DSE of patients not known to have cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Of 24 134 patients who underwent DSE from November 2003 to December 2012 at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 2968 were selected for inclusion in this retrospective study. Excluded were patients with a history of hypertension, diabetes, or coronary artery disease, and those taking vasoactive medications. Patients who had baseline and/or stress-induced wall motion abnormalities were also excluded. The distribution of the study population's BP responses during DSE was Gaussian; we defined cut-point values for normative BP responses at 2 SD for each decade of age and for the whole study population. During DSE, systolic BP (SBP) increased from baseline to peak stress (Δ +2.9 ± 24 mmHg, P < 0.0001) and diastolic BP (DBP) decreased (Δ -7.4 ± 14 mmHg). BP changes were age and sex dependent; men and younger patients had greater ΔSBP and lesser ΔDBP, compared with women and older patients. Patients who received atropine had higher peak BP values than patients who did not receive atropine, due to greater ΔSBP (+7.4 ± 26 vs. -0.5 ± 22 mmHg, P < 0.0001) and lesser ΔDBP (-4 ± 14 vs. -9.7 ± 12 mmHg, P < 0.0001). This atropine effect was present in men and women, and was more pronounced in younger patients. The normative peak SBP values ranged from 82 to 182 mmHg. CONCLUSION BP responses during DSE vary and depend on patients' age, gender, and the use of atropine. We describe the typical BP responses seen during DSE and report normative reference values, which can be used for defining normal and abnormal BP responses to dobutamine stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abram
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital S. Giovanni Battista, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Adelaide M Arruda-Olson
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Christopher G Scott
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Patricia A Pellikka
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Vuyisile T Nkomo
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jae K Oh
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alberto Milan
- Department of Medical Sciences, University Hospital S. Giovanni Battista, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Robert B McCully
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Stress-echocardiography is underused in clinical practice: a nationwide survey in Austria. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2015; 127:514-20. [PMID: 26162465 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-015-0828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The wide area of application, including coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, or pulmonary hypertension makes stress echocardiography (SE) a powerful, cost-effective imaging modality in cardiology. The role of this technique in clinical practice in Austria is unknown. METHODS A nationwide survey included all departments for cardiology and/or internal medicine in the years 2008 and 2013. By electronic questionnaire demographics, indication for the test, the numbers of examined cases per year, operators, and various applied techniques of SE were interrogated and completed by telephone interviews. RESULTS Data could be obtained from all 117 departments. In the year 2007 in 58 (50%) and in 2012 57 (49%) departments SE was available in Austrian hospitals. More than 100 SEs per year were performed by only four (7%) units in the year 2007 and by five (8%) in 2012. Physical exercise, dobutamine, and dipyridamole SE were available in 27 (46%), 52 (90%), and six (10%) units in 2007, and in 15 (27%), 52 (91%), and five (9%) units in 2012, respectively. In 2007 41 (71%) and in 2012 26 (46%) echo-labs administered contrast agents during SE. Transesophageal SE and 3D-echo was performed in one (2%) and three (5%) units in 2007, and in six (10%) and four (7%) echo-labs in 2012. CONCLUSIONS This representative survey demonstrates the underuse of SE in clinical practice in Austria. Even in established application fields performance is low, examination frequencies as recommended by the cardiology societies are fulfilled only by a minority of institutions.
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Cortigiani L, Borelli L, Raciti M, Bovenzi F, Picano E, Molinaro S, Sicari R. Prediction of mortality by stress echocardiography in 2835 diabetic and 11 305 nondiabetic patients. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 8:CIRCIMAGING.114.002757. [PMID: 25904573 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.114.002757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the capability by stress echocardiography results to predict overall mortality in a large unselected cohort of diabetic and nondiabetic patients. METHODS AND RESULTS The study group comprised 14 140 patients (2835 diabetics and 11 305 nondiabetics) who underwent stress echocardiography for evaluation of known (n=5671) or suspected (n=8469) coronary artery disease. Ischemia at stress echocardiography was observed in 768 (27%) diabetics and 2644 (23%) nondiabetics. During a median follow-up of 30 months (first quartile, 9; third quartile, 63), 1213 patients died. In diabetics, multivariable indicators of mortality were age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.09), rest wall motion abnormality (HR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.83-3.22), and ischemia at stress echocardiography (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.34-2.18). In nondiabetics, multivariable indicators of mortality were age (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06-1.08), rest wall motion abnormality (HR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.86-2.57), male sex (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.41-1.93), ischemia at stress echocardiography (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.32-1.80), and antischemic therapy at the time of test (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.00-1.32). In stress echo negative subjects for ischemia, antischemic therapy showed increased annual mortality in nondiabetic patients with (3.8% versus 3.1%; P=0.04) or without rest wall motion abnormality (1.6% versus 0.9%; P<0.0001); it failed to do so in diabetic patients with (5.7% versus 5.8%; P=0.89) or without rest wall motion abnormality (2.6% versus 1.9%; P=0.10). CONCLUSIONS Ischemia at stress echocardiography is a strong and independent predictor of total mortality in diabetic as well as nondiabetic patients. Antischemic therapy markedly affects the negative predictive value of stress echocardiography in nondiabetic patients, whereas it is prognostically neutral in the diabetic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro Cortigiani
- From the Division of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy (L.C., L.B., F.B.); and Departments of Echocardiography (M.R., E.P, R.S.) and Epidemiology (S.M.), Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Borelli
- From the Division of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy (L.C., L.B., F.B.); and Departments of Echocardiography (M.R., E.P, R.S.) and Epidemiology (S.M.), Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Raciti
- From the Division of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy (L.C., L.B., F.B.); and Departments of Echocardiography (M.R., E.P, R.S.) and Epidemiology (S.M.), Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Bovenzi
- From the Division of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy (L.C., L.B., F.B.); and Departments of Echocardiography (M.R., E.P, R.S.) and Epidemiology (S.M.), Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eugenio Picano
- From the Division of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy (L.C., L.B., F.B.); and Departments of Echocardiography (M.R., E.P, R.S.) and Epidemiology (S.M.), Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Molinaro
- From the Division of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy (L.C., L.B., F.B.); and Departments of Echocardiography (M.R., E.P, R.S.) and Epidemiology (S.M.), Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosa Sicari
- From the Division of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy (L.C., L.B., F.B.); and Departments of Echocardiography (M.R., E.P, R.S.) and Epidemiology (S.M.), Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy.
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Monmeneu Menadas JV, Lopez-Lereu MP, Estornell Erill J, Garcia Gonzalez P, Igual Muñoz B, Maceira Gonzalez A. Pharmacological stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance: feasibility and safety in a large multicentre prospective registry. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 17:308-15. [PMID: 26108417 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jev153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess the feasibility and incidence of immediate complications of stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and to determine associated factors. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a large multicentre, prospective registry of pharmacologic stress CMR in a referral population. We used dipyridamole when no contraindication was present and dobutamine in the remaining patients. Stress CMR was performed at 1.5 T. We recorded the clinical and demographic data, quality of test, CMR findings, haemodynamic data, and complications. Stress CMR was performed in 11 984 patients (98.2% of requested), using dipyridamole in 95.4% and dobutamine in 4.6%. The study could not be performed due to claustrophobia in 0.2%. Quality was optimal in 93.4%, suboptimal in 6.2%, and poor in 0.4% of studies. Images were diagnostic in 97.6% of patients (98.7% with dipyridamole and 75.1% with dobutamine, P < 0.0001). No patient died or had acute myocardial infarction during the test. Ten patients (0.08%) had severe immediate complications, seven after dipyridamole and two after dobutamine (P = 0.062), and one anaphylactic shock post-gadolinium. The only factor significantly associated with higher incidence of serious complications was the detection of inducible ischaemia. Incidence of non-severe complications was low (1.5%), severe controlled chest pain being the most frequent. Minor symptoms occurred frequently (24.8%). Both were significantly more frequent when dobutamine was used. CONCLUSION Performance of stress CMR is safe in a referral population. Inducible ischaemia was the only factor identified which was associated with serious complications. The incidence of non-severe complications and minor symptoms was greater with dobutamine.
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Barold SS, Van Heuverswyn FE, Timmers L, Stroobandt RX. Mobitz Type II Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block during Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography. True or False? Echocardiography 2014; 31:799-801. [DOI: 10.1111/echo.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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