Global histone post-translational modifications and cancer: Biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment?

Table 1 Global post-translational modifications of histones in cancer

Histone PTM	Writer	Eraser	Function	Cancer Diagnosis/ Prognosis/ Treatment
H3K9ac	GCN-5	SIRT-1; SIRT-6	Transcription initiation	Diagnosis: ?
				Prognosis: Lung, breast, ovarian
				Treatment: ?
H3K18ac	CBP/p300	?	Transcription initiation and repression	Diagnosis: ?
				Prognosis: Lung, prostate, breast, esophagus
				Treatment: ?
H4K5ac	CBP/P300; HAT1; TIP60; HB01	?	Transcription activation	Diagnosis: ?
				Prognosis: Lung
				Treatment: ?
H4K8ac	TIP60; HB01	?	Transcription activation	Diagnosis: ?
				Prognosis: Lung,
				Treatment: ?
H4K16ac	TIP60; hMOF	SIRT-1; SIRT-2	Transcription activation	Diagnosis: Colorectal
				Prognosis: Lung, breast
				Treatment: ?
H3K4me	SETD1A; SETD1B; ASH1L; MLL; MLL2; MLL3: MLL4; SETD7	KDM1A; KDM1B; KDM5B; NO66	Transcription activation	Diagnosis: ?
				Prognosis: Prostate, kidney
				Treatment: ?
H3K4me2	SETD1A; SETD1B; MLL; MLL2; MLL3; MLL4; SMYD3	KDM1A; KDM1B; KDM5A; KDM5B; KDM5C; KDM5D; NO66	Transcription activation	Diagnosis: ?
				Prognosis: Prostate, lung, kidney, breast, pancreatic, liver,
				Treatment: ?
H3K4me3	SETD1A; SETD1B; ASH1L; MLL; MLL2; MLL3; MLL4; SMYD3; PRMD9	KDM2B; KDM5A; KDM5B; KDM5C; KDM5D; NO66	Transcription elongation	Diagnosis: ?
				Prognosis: Kidney, liver, prostate
				Treatment: ?
H3K9me	SETDB1; G9a; EHMT1; PRDM2	KDM3A; KDM3B§; PHF8; JHDM1D	Transcription initiation	Diagnosis: Myeloma
				Prognosis: Kidney, pancreas, prostate
				Treatment: ?
H3K9me2	SUV39H1; SUV39H2; SETDB1; G9a; EHMT1; PRDM2	KDM3A; KDM3B§; KDM4A; KDM4B; KDM4C; KDM4D; PHF8; KDM1A; JHDM1D	Transcription initiation and repression	Diagnosis: ?
				Prognosis: Prostate, pancreas
				Treatment: ?
H3K9me3	SUV39H1; SUV39H2; SETDB1; PRDM2	KDM3B§; KDM4A; KDM4B; KDM4C; KDM4D	Transcription initiation and repression	Diagnosis: Colorectal, myeloma, prostate, breast and lung
				Prognosis: Lung, prostate, breast, leukemia, stomach
				Treatment: ?
H3K27me	EZH2; EZH1	JHDM1D	Transcription activation	Diagnosis: ?
				Prognosis: Kidney
				Treatment: ?
H3K27me3	EZH2; EZH1	KDM6A; KDM6B;	Transcription repression	Diagnosis: ?
				Prognosis: Breast, pancreatic, ovarian, prostate, stomach, Esophagus, Liver
				Treatment: ?
H4K20me3	SUV420H1; SUV420H2	?	Transcription repression	Diagnosis: Colorectal, myeloma, prostate, breast and lung
				Prognosis: Breast, lymphoma, colon, ovarian
				Treatment: ?

PTM: Post translational modification.