Glycemic status, antioxidant enzyme and lipid peroxidation among patients with diabetes mellitus in Buea Regional Hospital in Cameroon

doi:10.4331/wjbc.v17.i2.118440

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World Journal of Biological Chemistry

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1949-8454

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Biol Chem. Jun 5, 2026; 17(2): 118440
Published online Jun 5, 2026. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v17.i2.118440

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics, n (%)

Characteristics	Total (n = 192)	T2DM (n = 96)	Control (n = 96)
Age group (years)
30-44	27 (14.1)	11 (11.5)	16 (16.7)
45-59	64 (33.3)	34 (35.4)	30 (31.3)
≥ 60	101 (52.6)	51 (53.1)	50 (52.0)
Gender
Female	72 (37.5)	36 (37.5)	36 (37.5)
Male	120 (62.5)	60 (62.5)	60 (62.5)
Educational status
No formal	18 (9.4)	10 (10.4)	8 (8.3)
Primary	75 (39.1)	38 (39.6)	37 (38.5)
Secondary	70 (36.5)	32 (33.3)	38 (39.6)
Tertiary	29 (15.1)	16 (16.7)	13 (13.5)
Residence
Rural	36 (18.8)	15 (15.6)	21 (21.9)
Semi-urban	95 (49.5)	35 (36.5)	60 (62.5)
Urban	61 (31.8)	46 (47.9)	15 (15.6)
Marital status
Married	17 (8.9)	13 (13.5)	4 (4.2)
Single	110 (57.3)	51 (53.1)	59 (61.5)
Separated	65 (33.9)	32 (33.3)	33 (34.4)
Occupation
Unemployment	77 (40.1)	31 (32.3)	46 (47.9)
Self-employment	73 (38.0)	33 (34.4)	40 (41.7)
Formal employed	42 (21.9)	32 (33.3)	10 (10.4)

T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Table 2 Comparison of measured anthropometric and biochemical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy controls in Buea Regional Hospital, mean ± SD

Variable	T2DM (n = 96)	Control (n = 96)	t test	P value
Weight (kg)	76.29 ± 16.3	75.2 ± 14.3	1.70	0.34
Height (m)	1.61 ± 0.1	1.43 ± 2.1	0.45	0.55
BMI (kg/m²)	29.45 ± 6.6	27.38 ± 5.8	2.30	0.023
WC (cm)	101.27 ± 18.3	98.23 ± 15.6	0.32	0.64
SBP (mm/Hg)	126 ± 24.1	119 ± 14.2	0.03	0.99
DBP (mm/Hg)	84.34 ± 1.4	81.29 ± 3.6	0.33	0.32
HbA1c (%)	7.65 ± 0.85	4.83 ± 0.51	27.80	< 0.001
HDL-C (mg/dL)	44.04 ± 11.29	56.98 ± 5.57	-10.00	< 0.001
LDL-C (mg/dL)	130.08 ± 14.98	120.9 ± 9.91	16.00	< 0.001
TG (mg/dL)	138.60 ± 25.14	107.42 ± 11.25	11.40	< 0.001
TC (mg/dL)	200.13 ± 15.15	175.85 ± 9.66	13.30	< 0.001
MDA (nmol/mL)	1.45 ± 0.62	0.75 ± 0.26	10.03	< 0.001
FPG (mg/dL)	181.37 ± 89.23	89.00 ± 80.00	10.03	< 0.001
CAT (U/L)	49.23 ± 13.17	58 ± 14.23	12.20	0.04

BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; MDA: Malondialdehyde; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; CAT: Catalase; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Table 3 Comparison of biochemical parameters of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Limbe Regional Hospital based on glycemic status, mean ± SD

Parameter	Good glycemic control (n = 19)	Poor glycemic control (n = 77)	t test	P value
HbA1c (%)	6.40 ± 0.38	8.02 ± 0.67	-9.1	< 0.001
HDL-C (mg/dL)	58.69 ± 4.78	39.98 ± 9.27	7.7	< 0.001
LDL-C (mg/dL)	107.06 ± 6.04	136.60 ± 11.42	-9.9	< 0.001
TG (mg/dL)	102.25 ± 12.60	145.08 ± 20.52	-7.8	< 0.001
TC (mg/dL)	184.88 ± 6.87	204.06 ± 16.14	-4.6	< 0.001
MDA (nmol/mL)	0.78 ± 0.14	1.61 ± 0.58	-6.0	< 0.001
Catalases (U/L)	54.58 ± 17.19	33.26 ± 12.06	-6.3	< 0.001

HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; MDA: Malondialdehyde.

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Table 4 Correlation between oxidative stress markers and markers of glycemic control

	HbA1c (%)		MDA		FPG		Catalase
	r	P value	r	P value	r	P value	r	P value
HbA1c (%)	1
MDA (nmol/mL)	0.846	< 0.001	1
FPG (mg/dL)	-0.129	0.21	-0.123	0.233	1
Catalase (U/L)	-0.567	< 0.001	-0.568	< 0.001	0.08	0.437	1

HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; MDA: Malondialdehyde; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose.

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Table 5 Association between antioxidant enzyme (catalase) with lipid peroxidation and diabetes control, n (%)

Characteristics	Catalase activity		χ² test	P value
Characteristics	Low	Normal	χ² test	P value
MDA			10.48	0.001
Normal	5 (18.5)	22 (81.5)
Abnormal (high)	38 (55.1)	31 (44.9)
Diabetes control (HbA1c concentration)			5.398	0.002
Good control	4 (21.1)	15 (78.9)
Poor control	39 (50.6)	38 (49.4)

MDA: Malondialdehyde; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin.

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Citation: Ojong EW, Nyake Mbu Akime LB, Tambe AB, Seukep AJ, Ofon EA, Akwa TC, Sawah CN. Glycemic status, antioxidant enzyme and lipid peroxidation among patients with diabetes mellitus in Buea Regional Hospital in Cameroon. World J Biol Chem 2026; 17(2): 118440
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8454/full/v17/i2/118440.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4331/wjbc.v17.i2.118440

Ojong EW, Nyake Mbu Akime LB, Tambe AB, Seukep AJ, Ofon EA, Akwa TC, Sawah CN. Glycemic status, antioxidant enzyme and lipid peroxidation among patients with diabetes mellitus in Buea Regional Hospital in Cameroon. World J Biol Chem 2026; 17(2): 118440 [DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v17.i2.118440]

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