Immunological aspects of COVID-19: What do we know?

doi:10.4331/wjbc.v11.i2.14

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Sep 27, 2020 (publication date) through Feb 16, 2026

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World Journal of Biological Chemistry

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World J Biol Chem. Sep 27, 2020; 11(2): 14-29
Published online Sep 27, 2020. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v11.i2.14

Immunological aspects of COVID-19: What do we know?

Tsvetelina Veselinova Velikova, Stanislav Vasilev Kotsev, Daniel Stefanov Georgiev, Hristiana Momchilova Batselova

Tsvetelina Veselinova Velikova, Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria

Stanislav Vasilev Kotsev, Department of Infectious Diseases, Pazardzhik Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment, Pazardzhik 4400, Bulgaria

Daniel Stefanov Georgiev, Dental Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria

Hristiana Momchilova Batselova, Department of Epidemiology and Disaster Medicine, Medical University, Plovdiv, University Hospital “St George”, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria

Author contributions: Velikova TV, Kotsev SV, Georgiev DS, and Batselova HM contributed equally to this work; All authors have read and approve the final manuscript.

Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflicts of interest.

Corresponding author: Tsvetelina Veselinova Velikova, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Kozyak 1 Street, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria. tsvelikova@medfac.mu-sofia.bg

Received: June 23, 2020
Peer-review started: June 23, 2020
First decision: July 25, 2020
Revised: August 1, 2020
Accepted: September 8, 2020
Article in press: September 8, 2020
Published online: September 27, 2020
Processing time: 92 Days and 17 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) results from the interaction between the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus and the individual′s immune system, we can assume that its onset and development significantly depend on this communication. Immunological aspects of the disease reflect the importance of the immune system to inhibit the viral factors and to control and regulate the pathophysiological processes during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, immune-mediated and humoral immune responses, immune memory, the cytokine storm, and neuroendocrine-immune regulation are critical factors that can determine the prognosis and outcome for patients. Now, the science is directed to acquiring new data on the immunology, including immune memory against the virus, the development of new technologies for the detection of infection and effective vaccines. However, much more information remains unclear than verified knowledge of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19.