1
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Noncoding RNAs Emerging as Drugs or Drug Targets: Their Chemical Modification, Bio-Conjugation and Intracellular Regulation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196717. [PMID: 36235253 PMCID: PMC9573214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing understanding of various disease-related noncoding RNAs, ncRNAs are emerging as novel drugs and drug targets. Nucleic acid drugs based on different types of noncoding RNAs have been designed and tested. Chemical modification has been applied to noncoding RNAs such as siRNA or miRNA to increase the resistance to degradation with minimum influence on their biological function. Chemical biological methods have also been developed to regulate relevant noncoding RNAs in the occurrence of various diseases. New strategies such as designing ribonuclease targeting chimeras to degrade endogenous noncoding RNAs are emerging as promising approaches to regulate gene expressions, serving as next-generation drugs. This review summarized the current state of noncoding RNA-based theranostics, major chemical modifications of noncoding RNAs to develop nucleic acid drugs, conjugation of RNA with different functional biomolecules as well as design and screening of potential molecules to regulate the expression or activity of endogenous noncoding RNAs for drug development. Finally, strategies of improving the delivery of noncoding RNAs are discussed.
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2
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Clinico-Pathological Importance of miR-146a in Lung Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020274. [PMID: 33578944 PMCID: PMC7916675 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a well-known malignant tumor of the respiratory tract, which has caused a significant level of damage to human health in the 21st century. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are tiny, non-coding RNA stem-loop structures with a length of roughly 20–25 nucleotides that function as powerful modulators of mRNA and protein products of a gene. miRNAs may modulate many biological processes involving growth, differentiation, proliferation, and cell death and play a key role in the pathogenesis of various types of malignancies. Several accumulating pieces of evidence have proven that miRNA, especially miR-146a, are crucial modulators of innate immune response sequences. A novel and exciting cancer research field has involved miRNA for the detection and suppression of cancer. However, the actual mechanism which is adopted by these miRNA is still unclear. miRNAs have been used as a cancer-associated biomarker in several studies, suggesting their altered expression in various cancers compared to the normal cells. The amount of expression of miRNA can also be used to determine the stage of the disease, aiding in early detection. In breast, pancreatic, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and gastric cancer, cancer cell proliferation and metastasis has been suppressed by miR-146a. Changes in miR-146a expression levels have biomarker importance and possess a high potential as a therapeutic target in lung cancer. It retards epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes the therapeutic action of anticancer agents in lung cancer. Studies have also suggested that miR-146a affects gene expression through different signaling pathways viz. TNF-α, NF-κB and MEK-1/2, and JNK-1/2. Further research is required for understanding the molecular mechanisms of miR-146a in lung cancer. The potential role of miR-146a as a diagnostic marker of lung cancer must also be analyzed. This review summarizes the tumor-suppressing, anti-inflammatory, and antichemoresistive nature of miR-146a in lung cancer.
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Fan R, Xiao C, Wan X, Cha W, Miao Y, Zhou Y, Qin C, Cui T, Su F, Shan X. Small molecules with big roles in microRNA chemical biology and microRNA-targeted therapeutics. RNA Biol 2019; 16:707-718. [PMID: 30900502 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1593094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Aberrant miRNA expression or function have close links with various human diseases. Therefore, therapeutic treatments with disease-associated miRNAs as targets are emerging. However, the intracellular miRNA networks are extremely complicated and poorly understood, which thus hinder the development of miRNA-targeted therapeutics. Small molecules that are able to regulate endogenous miRNAs hold great potential in both elucidation of miRNA networks and treatment of miRNA-related diseases. Herein, we summarize current strategies for discovery of small molecule modifiers of miRNAs, and we highlight aspects of miRNA cellular biology elucidated by using these small molecules and miRNA-targeted therapeutics realized by these small molecules. We envision that this area will expand dramatically in the near future and will ultimately contribute to a better understanding of miRNA-involved cellular processes and development of therapeutic agents for miRNA-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengen Fan
- a Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital , Yancheng , China
| | - Chaocheng Xiao
- b Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital , Yancheng , China
| | - Xinqiang Wan
- c Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital , Yancheng , China
| | - Wenzhang Cha
- a Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital , Yancheng , China
| | - Yufeng Miao
- d Department of Medical Oncology , Wuxi Third People's Hospital , Wuxi , China
| | - Yong Zhou
- a Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital , Yancheng , China
| | - Chenglin Qin
- a Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital , Yancheng , China
| | - Ting Cui
- e Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Yancheng , Yancheng , China
| | - Fenglian Su
- f School of Medical University, Xuzhou , Xuzhou , China
| | - Xiangxiang Shan
- g Department of Geraeology, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital , Yancheng , China
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4
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Zheng XF, Liu KX, Wang XM, Zhang R, Li X. MicroRNA‑192 acts as a tumor suppressor in colon cancer and simvastatin activates miR‑192 to inhibit cancer cell growth. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:1753-1760. [PMID: 30628692 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is crucial for the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with colon cancer. In the present study, a novel tumor suppressive microRNA, miR‑192, was demonstrated to be markedly downregulated in colon cancer cells compared with normal colon cells. By overexpressing miR‑192 in colon cancer HCT‑116 cells, the results of the present study revealed that miR‑192 inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Bioinformatics were used to determine the target gene of miR‑192 and Ras‑related protein Rab‑2A (RAB2A) was identified as a downstream target of miR‑192. Following the determination of the role of the miR‑192‑RAB2A pathway in colon cancer, small molecules that may regulate miR‑192 were screened and the results demonstrated that simvastatin is an activator of miR‑192. Furthermore, simvastatin upregulated miR‑192 and inhibited the expression of downstream targets of miR‑192, which subsequently led to suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion of colon cancer cells. In conclusion, the present study identified a novel colon cancer cell suppressor, as well as a small‑molecule activator of the tumor suppressor miR‑192, which may represent a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Zheng
- Department of Human Anatomy and Tissue Embryology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Kun-Xiang Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Tissue Embryology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Mei Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Tissue Embryology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Tissue Embryology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
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5
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Naro Y, Ankenbruck N, Thomas M, Tivon Y, Connelly CM, Gardner L, Deiters A. Small Molecule Inhibition of MicroRNA miR-21 Rescues Chemosensitivity of Renal-Cell Carcinoma to Topotecan. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5900-5909. [PMID: 29993250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemical probes of microRNA (miRNA) function are potential tools for understanding miRNA biology that also provide new approaches for discovering therapeutics for miRNA-associated diseases. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is an oncogenic miRNA that is overexpressed in most cancers and has been strongly associated with driving chemoresistance in cancers such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Using a cell-based luciferase reporter assay to screen small molecules, we identified a novel inhibitor of miR-21 function. Following structure-activity relationship studies, an optimized lead compound demonstrated cytotoxicity in several cancer cell lines. In a chemoresistant-RCC cell line, inhibition of miR-21 via small molecule treatment rescued the expression of tumor-suppressor proteins and sensitized cells to topotecan-induced apoptosis. This resulted in a >10-fold improvement in topotecan activity in cell viability and clonogenic assays. Overall, this work reports a novel small molecule inhibitor for perturbing miR-21 function and demonstrates an approach to enhancing the potency of chemotherapeutics specifically for cancers derived from oncomir addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Naro
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Nicholas Ankenbruck
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Meryl Thomas
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Yaniv Tivon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Colleen M Connelly
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Laura Gardner
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
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6
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Cha W, Fan R, Miao Y, Zhou Y, Qin C, Shan X, Wan X, Cui T. MicroRNAs as novel endogenous targets for regulation and therapeutic treatments. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:396-408. [PMID: 30108932 PMCID: PMC6072415 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00285h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that have been identified as key endogenous biomolecules that are able to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The abnormal expression or function of miRNAs has been demonstrated to be closely related to the occurrence or development of various human diseases, including cancers. Regulation of these abnormal miRNAs thus holds great promise for therapeutic treatments. In this review, we summarize exogenous molecules that are able to regulate endogenous miRNAs, including small molecule regulators of miRNAs and synthetic oligonucleotides. Strategies for screening small molecule regulators of miRNAs and recently reported small molecules are introduced and summarized. Synthetic oligonucleotides including antisense miRNA oligonucleotides and miRNA mimics, as well as delivery systems for these synthetic oligonucleotides to enter cells, that regulate endogenous miRNAs are also summarized. In addition, we discuss recent applications of these small molecules and synthetic oligonucleotides in therapeutic treatments. Overall, this review aims to provide a brief synopsis of recent achievements of using both small molecule regulators and synthetic oligonucleotides to regulate endogenous miRNAs and achieve therapeutic outcomes. We envision that these regulators of endogenous miRNAs will ultimately contribute to the development of new therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhang Cha
- Department of General Surgery , Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital , Yancheng 224001 , China
| | - Rengen Fan
- Department of General Surgery , Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital , Yancheng 224001 , China
| | - Yufeng Miao
- Department of Medical Oncology , Wuxi Third People's Hospital , Wuxi 214000 , China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of General Surgery , Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital , Yancheng 224001 , China
| | - Chenglin Qin
- Department of General Surgery , Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital , Yancheng 224001 , China
| | - Xiangxiang Shan
- Department of Geraeology , Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital , Yancheng 224001 , China .
| | - Xinqiang Wan
- Department of Clinical Medicine , Nantong University Xinglin College , Nantong 226000 , China .
| | - Ting Cui
- Department of Cardiology , The Third People's Hospital of Yancheng , Yancheng 224001 , China .
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7
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Xiao X, Wang X, Wang Y, Yu T, Huang L, Chen L, Li J, Zhang C, Zhang Y. Multi-Functional Peptide-MicroRNA Nanocomplex for Targeted MicroRNA Delivery and Function Imaging. Chemistry 2018; 24:2277-2285. [PMID: 29226432 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of microRNA (miRNA) mimics into specific cells/tissues and real-time monitoring on the biological function of delivered miRNA mimics at molecular level represent two major challenges in the development of miRNA-based therapeutics. Here we report a highly efficient method to address these two challenges simultaneously by using the self-assembled nanocomplex formed by miRNA mimics with a multi-functional peptide conjugate. Using the nanocomplex formed by tumor-suppressive miR-34a and the multi-functional peptide conjugate FA-R9-FPcas3 , we demonstrated the highly efficient and target-selective delivery of miR-34a into HeLa cells and tumors. With the activatable fluorescence probe integrated in the peptide conjugate FA-R9-FPcas3 , the intracellular function of miR-34a delivered by the nanocomplex to upregulate active Caspase-3 was imaged in real-time. The nanocomplex also showed significant therapeutic effects to induce apoptosis in HeLa cells and to suppress tumor growth upon tail vein injection into living mice bearing subcutaneous HeLa tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Tianren Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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8
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Huang L, Chen Y, Chen L, Xiao X, Wang X, Li J, Zhang Y. Photo-clickable microRNA for in situ fluorescence labeling and imaging of microRNA in living cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6452-6455. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03328a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A photo-clickable microRNA was constructed for in situ fluorescence labeling and imaging of microRNA in living cells with spatiotemporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Jinbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
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9
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Xiao X, Hu J, Wang X, Huang L, Chen Y, Wang W, Li J, Zhang Y. A dual-functional supramolecular hydrogel based on a spiropyran–galactose conjugate for target-mediated and light-controlled delivery of microRNA into cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12517-12520. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07386g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A dual-functional supramolecular hydrogel was developed for light-controlled release of miRNA and target-mediated delivery of miRNA into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Jinbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
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10
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Xia T, Li J, Cheng H, Zhang C, Zhang Y. Small-Molecule Regulators of MicroRNAs in Biomedicine. Drug Dev Res 2015; 76:375-81. [PMID: 26450362 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and have been implicated in the development of various human diseases, including cancer. The regulatory networks of miRNAs play a vital role not only in normal physiology but also in pathology and may represent novel targets for drug discovery. Regulation of miRNAs and the elucidation of miRNA networks will advance miRNA-targeted research but are challenging due to a shortage of appropriate tools. Using different assay systems, diverse small molecules with unique miRNA regulatory activity have been identified. These bioactive small molecules not only showed regulation on different miRNAs but revealed previously unknown miRNA networks. Treatment of cancer both in vitro and in vivo with small-molecule regulators of miRNAs has demonstrated their therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss assay systems for the identification of small-molecule regulators of miRNAs and reported small molecules, and discuss their applications as probes and candidate drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Jinbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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11
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Lee S, Choi E, Kim SM, Hwang KC. MicroRNAs as mediators of cardiovascular disease: Targets to be manipulated. World J Biol Chem 2015; 6:34-38. [PMID: 26009702 PMCID: PMC4436904 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i2.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease has been the leading cause of death worldwide for the last few decades. Even with the rapid progression of the biomedical field, conquering/managing cardiovascular disease is not an easy task because it is multifactorial disease. One of the key players of the development and progression of numerous diseases is microRNA (miRNA). These small, non-coding RNAs bind to target mRNAs to inhibit translations of and/or degrade the target mRNAs, thus acting as negative regulators of gene expressions. Accumulating evidence indicates that non-physiological expressions of miRNAs contribute to both development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Since even a single miRNA can have multiple targets, dysregulation of miRNAs can lead to catastrophic changes of proteins that may be important for maintaining physiologic conditions of cells, tissues, and organs. Current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in cardiovascular disease is mostly based on the observational data such as microarray of miRNAs in animal disease models, thus relatively lacking insight of how such dysregulation of miRNAs is initiated and regulated. Consequently, future research should aim to elucidate the more comprehensive mechanisms of miRNA dysregulation during pathogenesis of the cardiovascular system so that appropriate counter-measures to prevent/manage cardiovascular disease can be developed.
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12
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Li J, Kooger R, He M, Xiao X, Zheng L, Zhang Y. A supramolecular hydrogel as a carrier to deliver microRNA into the encapsulated cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:3722-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00156g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A supramolecular hydrogel serves as both 3D culture medium for live cells and a carrier for microRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Li
- State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Romain Kooger
- State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Mingtao He
- State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Li Zheng
- State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing, P. R. China
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