Preoperative prediction model for 30 days biliary events after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the training and validation cohorts

Variable	All (n = 287)	Test (n = 87)	Train (n = 200)	P value
Age (year)	54.40 (14.28)	54.36 (13.67)	54.42 (14.57)	0.974
BMI (kg/m2)	26.90 (23.85, 30.15)	27.20 (24.50, 30.20)	26.75 (23.48, 30.13)	0.417
Sex				1.000
Male	123 (42.86)	37 (42.53)	86 (43.00)
Female	164 (57.14)	50 (57.47)	114 (57.00)
Emergency surgery				0.903
No	228 (79.44)	70 (80.46)	158 (79.00)
Yes	59 (20.56)	17 (19.54)	42 (21.00)
≥ 2 prior hospitalizations for acute cholecystitis				1.000
No	225 (78.40)	68 (78.16)	157 (78.50)
Yes	62 (21.60)	19 (21.84)	43 (21.50)
Pancreatitis				0.314
No	245 (85.37)	71 (81.61)	174 (87.00)
Yes	42 (14.63)	16 (18.39)	26 (13.00)
Cholangitis				1.000
No	257 (89.55)	78 (89.66)	179 (89.50)
Yes	30 (10.45)	9 (10.34)	21 (10.50)
ERCP within 30 days pre-operative				0.175
No	233 (81.18)	66 (75.86)	167 (83.50)
Yes	54 (18.82)	21 (24.14)	33 (16.50)
Preoperative TBil (μmol/L)	6.50 (3.30, 13.30)	7.50 (3.35, 14.50)	6.25 (3.30, 12.70)	0.428
Preoperative ALP (U/L)	40.00 (40.00, 62.00)	40.00 (40.00, 72.50)	40.00 (40.00, 56.50)	0.178
Preoperative GGT (U/L)	24.00 (15.00, 41.50)	22.00 (15.00, 36.00)	24.00 (15.00, 42.50)	0.562
Preoperative ALT (U/L)	33.00 (23.00, 44.00)	34.00 (21.00, 42.00)	33.00 (23.00, 44.00)	0.632
Preoperative AST (U/L)	30.00 (21.00, 40.00)	28.00 (18.50, 41.00)	31.00 (22.00, 40.00)	0.283
CBD diameter (mm)	6.20 (5.30, 7.50)	6.20 (5.25, 7.55)	6.20 (5.40, 7.40)	0.898
CBD/height index (mm/m)	3.77 (3.15, 4.45)	3.67 (3.08, 4.69)	3.82 (3.20, 4.39)	0.766
Ultrasound-suspected CBD stone/obstruction				0.203
No	220 (76.66)	62 (71.26)	158 (79.00)
Yes	67 (23.34)	25 (28.74)	42 (21.00)
Gallbladder wall thickening ≥ 4 mm				0.643
No	164 (57.14)	52 (59.77)	112 (56.00)
Yes	123 (42.86)	35 (40.23)	88 (44.00)
Impacted neck stone				0.083
No	194 (67.60)	52 (59.77)	142 (71.00)
Yes	93 (32.40)	35 (40.23)	58 (29.00)

Continuous variables were summarized as median (interquartile range). Categorical variables as n (%). BMI: Body mass index; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; TBil: Total bilirubin; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; CBD: Common bile duct.