Impact of ozonated water on perianal infectious diseases: A retrospective study

Table 1 Bactericidal effects of ozonated water in 1 minute

Residual bacteria	Ozonated water concentration (mg/L)
	0	0.5	1	1.5	2	2.5	3
Escherichia coli	+++++	++	+	-	-	-	-
Staphylococcus aureus	+++++	++++	+++	++	+	-	-
Klebsiella pneumoniae	+++++	++	+	-	-	-	-
Enterococcus faecium	+++++	+++	+	+	-	-	-
Proteus mirabilis	+++++	+++	++	+	-	-	-

Colony growth on blood agar plates was recorded as “+++++”, “++++”, “++++”, “++”, or “+”, whereas colony-free growth was denoted as “-“.

Table 2 Expression of tissue growth factors across groups pre-treatment and post-treatment, mean ± SD

Group	VEGF (pg/mL)		TGF-β (pg/mL)		PDGF (pg/mL)
	Before treatment	1-week post-treatment	Before treatment	1-week post-treatment	Before treatment	1-week post-treatment
Control group (n = 64)	19.75 ± 1.94	25.85 ± 1.18a	7.16 ± 1.66	10.63 ± 0.80a	15.75 ± 2.40	24.75 ± 1.75a
Observation group (n = 79)	19.71 ± 1.86	36.42 ± 1.60a,b	6.80 ± 1.50	15.81 ± 2.04a,b	15.35 ± 2.19	33.32 ± 1.48a,b

^aP < 0.001 vs before therapy within the groups.

^bP < 0.001 vs control group at one weeks after treatment.

VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; TGF: Transforming growth factor; PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor.

Table 3 Comparison of wound-related scores, mean ± SD

Groups	Wound secretion score		Periwound tissue edema score		Wound pain severity score		Granulation tissue growth score
	Pre-treatment	1-week post-treatment	Pre-treatment	1-week post-treatment	Pre-treatment	1-week post-treatment	Pre-treatment	1-week post-treatment
Observation group (n = 79)	2.51 ± 0.50	0.92 ± 0.47	2.54 ± 0.50	0.54 ± 0.50	7.95 ± 0.90	1.77 ± 0.80	2.58 ± 0.50	0.67 ± 0.65
Control group (n = 64)	2.52 ± 0.50	1.27 ± 0.54	2.69 ± 0.47	0.94 ± 0.77	8.11 ± 1.01	2.94 ± 1.10	2.64 ± 0.48	1.19 ± 0.69
t value	-0.110	-4.018	-1.764	-3.511	-0.998	-7.340	-0.707	-4.589
P value	0.913	< 0.001	0.08	0.001	0.320	< 0.001	0.481	< 0.001