Correlation of systemic immune-inflammation and prognostic nutritional indices with pathological characteristics and prognosis in gastric cancer

Table 1 Correlation between Systemic Immune-Inflammation and clinical pathological characteristics of gastric cancer patients, mean ± SD

Indicator	SII level	t/F	P value
Gender		1.845	0.068
Male (n = 70)	617.77 ± 176.42
Female (n = 37)	545.41 ± 221.25
Age (years)		0.210	0.834
< 60 (n = 63)	589.43 ± 200.39
≥ 60 (n = 44)	597.50 ± 189.57
Maximum tumor diameter (cm)		2.040	0.044
< 4 (n = 54)	555.17 ± 197.23
≥ 4 (n = 53)	631.04 ± 187.14
Differentiation degree		1.612	0.110
Moderate-to-high differentiation (n = 35)	549.46 ± 171.24
Low differentiation (n = 72)	613.79 ± 203.57
Tumor location		0.988	0.376
Cardia and fundic region (n = 19)	542.05 ± 211.04
Gastric body (n = 22)	580.41 ± 177.48
Pyloric region (n = 66)	611.45 ± 196.05
Borrmann type		0.241	0.810
I-II (n = 35)	605.09 ± 204.47
III-IV (n = 72)	613.45 ± 147.42
Invasion depth		2.834	0.006
T1-T2 (n = 27)	503.63 ± 199.78
T3-T4 (n = 80)	622.83 ± 185.28
Metastases to lymph nodes		3.681	< 0.001
N0-N1 (n = 54)	527.69 ± 212.26
N2-N3 (n = 53)	659.04 ± 151.11
Distant metastasis		4.211	< 0.001
M0 (n = 68)	536.84 ± 192.37
M1 (n = 39)	690.23 ± 160.1
TNM staging		2.653	0.009
I-II (n = 51)	539.90 ± 189.84
III-IV (n = 56)	640.88 ± 188.90
CA199 (U/mL)		3.336	0.001
< 35 (n = 81)	558.68 ± 186.57
≥ 35 (n = 26)	698.88 ± 186.03
CEA (ng/mL)		0.195	0.846
< 5 (n = 86)	590.92 ± 197.96
≥ 5 (n = 21)	600.24 ± 187.65

TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; SII: Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index.

Table 2 Correlation of Prognostic Nutritional Index and clinical pathological characteristics of gastric cancer patients, median (interquartile rage)/mean ± SD

Indicator	PNI level	Z/t	P value
Gender		-0.102	0.919
Male (n = 70)	44.00 (40.00-50.00)
Female (n = 37)	43.00 (40.50-49.50)
Age (years)		-0.323	0.746
< 60 (n = 63)	44.00 (40.00-49.00)
≥ 60 (n = 44)	44.00 (39.00-50.00)
Maximum tumor diameter (cm)		0.875	0.383
< 4 (n = 54)	45.98 ± 9.16
≥ 4 (n = 53)	44.47 ± 8.67
Differentiation degree		2.890	0.005
Moderate-to-high differentiation (n = 35)	48.69 ± 9.20
Low differentiation (n = 72)	43.56 ± 8.32
Tumor location		0.742	0.479
Cardia and fundic region (n = 19)	46.74 ± 9.09
Gastric body (n = 22)	46.41 ± 9.37
Pyloric region (n = 66)	44.41 ± 8.74
Borrmann type		-0.845	0.398
I-II (n = 35)	44.00 (39.00-49.00)
III-IV (n = 72)	44.00 (41.00-50.00)
Invasion depth		-3.775	< 0.001
T1-T2 (n = 27)	50.00 (44.00-57.00)
T3-T4 (n = 80)	43.00 (39.00-48.00)
Metastases to lymph nodes		1.134	0.260
N0-N1 (n = 54)	46.20 ± 8.64
N2-N3 (n = 53)	44.25 ± 9.15
Distant metastasis		2.255	0.026
M0 (n = 68)	46.68 ± 10.01
M1 (n = 39)	42.72 ± 5.88
TNM staging		-4.020	< 0.001
I-II (n = 51)	48.00 (43.00-55.00)
III-IV (n = 56)	41.00 (38.25-45.00)
CA199 (U/mL)		-2.059	0.040
< 35 (n = 81)	46.00 (39.50-52.00)
≥ 35 (n = 26)	43.00 (40.00-44.25)
CEA (ng/mL)		1.506	0.135
< 5 (n = 86)	48.67 ± 8.02
≥ 5 (n = 21)	45.71 ± 8.30

TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; PNI: Prognostic Nutritional Index.

Table 3 Prognosis predictive value of Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Prognostic Nutritional Index in gastric cancer patients

Indicator	AUC	95%CI	P value	Optimal cutoff value	Sensitivity	Specificity
SII	0.816	0.734-0.898	< 0.001	607.00	86.49%	68.57%
PNI	0.768	0.674-0.861	< 0.001	44.50	81.08%	61.43%
Combined	0.866	0.796-0.935	< 0.001	0.37	81.08%	84.29%

SII: Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index; PNI: Prognostic Nutritional Index; AUC: Area under the curve; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 4 Univariate analysis of factors influencing 3-year prognosis in gastric cancer patients, n (%)

Indicator	Poor prognosis group (n = 37)	Good prognosis group (n = 70)	χ2 value	P value
Gender			0.888	0.346
Male (n = 70)	22 (59.46)	48 (68.57)
Female (n = 37)	15 (40.54)	22 (31.43)
Age (years)			1.324	0.250
< 60 (n = 63)	19 (51.35)	44 (62.86)
≥ 60 (n = 44)	18 (48.65)	26 (37.14)
Maximum tumor diameter (cm)			0.463	0.497
< 4 (n = 54)	17 (45.95)	37 (52.86)
≥ 4 (n = 53)	20 (54.05)	33 (47.14)
Differentiation degree			0.151	0.698
Moderate-to-high differentiation (n = 35)	13 (35.14)	22 (31.43)
Low differentiation (n = 72)	24 (64.86)	48 (68.57)
Tumor location			0.965	0.617
Cardia and fundic region (n = 19)	5 (13.51)	14 (20.00)
Gastric body (n = 22)	7 (18.92)	15 (21.43)
Pyloric region (n = 66)	25 (67.57)	41 (58.57)
Borrmann type			0.676	0.411
I-II (n = 35)	14 (37.84)	21 (30.00)
III-IV (n = 72)	23 (62.16)	49 (70.00)
Invasion depth			0.606	0.436
T1-T2 (n = 27)	11 (29.73)	16 (22.86)
T3-T4 (n = 80)	26 (70.27)	54 (77.14)
Metastases to lymph nodes			5.319	0.021
N0-N1 (n = 54)	13 (35.14)	41 (58.57)
N2-N3 (n = 53)	24 (64.86)	29 (41.43)
Distant metastasis			10.070	0.002
M0 (n = 68)	16 (43.24)	52 (74.29)
M1 (n = 39)	21 (56.76)	18 (25.71)
TNM staging			5.260	0.022
I-II (n = 51)	12 (32.43)	39 (55.71)
III-IV (n = 56)	25 (67.57)	31 (44.29)
CA199 (U/mL)			2.034	0.154
< 35 (n = 81)	25 (67.57)	56 (80.00)
≥ 35 (n = 26)	12 (32.43)	14 (20.00)
CEA (ng/mL)			3.660	0.056
< 5 (n = 86)	26 (70.27)	60 (85.71)
≥ 5 (n = 21)	11 (29.73)	10 (14.29)

TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 199; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.

Table 5 Cox multivariate analysis of factors influencing 3-year prognosis in gastric cancer patients

Indicator	B	SE	Wald	P value	OR	95%CI
Metastases to lymph nodes	0.951	0.359	7.004	0.008	2.589	1.280-5.235
Distant metastasis	1.019	0.345	8.749	0.003	2.771	1.410-5.445
TNM staging	0.096	0.365	0.069	0.793	1.101	0.538-2.251
SII	0.005	0.001	18.737	< 0.001	1.005	1.003-1.007
PNI	-0.054	0.021	6.487	0.011	0.947	0.908-0.988

TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; SII: Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index; PNI: Prognostic Nutritional Index; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 6 Multicollinearity test for variables included in the Cox regression model

Marker	Tolerance	VIF
Metastases to lymph nodes	0.988	1.012
Distant metastasis	0.985	1.016
TNM staging	0.937	1.067
PNI	0.941	1.063

TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; PNI: Prognostic Nutritional Index; VIF: Variance inflation factor.