Complete range of nursing actions for agitated behaviour in elderly patients with emergency liver cirrhosis and bleeding

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between the control group and the observation group, n (%)/mean ± SD

Characteristic	Control group (n = 90)	Observation group (n = 90)	P value
Sex
Male	58 (64.4)	56 (62.2)	0.120
Female	32 (35.6)	34 (37.8)
Age (years)
Range	60-82	61-83
	68.59 ± 5.23	69.21 ± 5.56	0.082
Etiology of cirrhosis
Hepatitis B	38 (42.2)	36 (40.0)	0.921
Hepatitis C	12 (13.3)	14 (15.6)
Alcoholic liver disease	25 (27.8)	23 (25.6)
Others	15 (16.7)	17 (18.9)
Severity of bleeding
Mild (< 500 mL)	28 (31.1)	30 (33.3)	0.381
Moderate (500-1000 mL)	42 (46.7)	40 (44.4)
Severe (> 1000 mL)	20 (22.2)	20 (22.2)
Child-Pugh classification
Grade A	22 (24.4)	24 (26.7)	0.743
Grade B	45 (50.0)	43 (47.8)
Grade C	23 (25.6)	23 (25.6)
Comorbidities
Hypertension	38 (42.2)	40 (44.4)	0.234
Diabetes mellitus	21 (23.3)	19 (21.1)

Table 2 Comparison of core indicators of agitation behavior changes between the two groups, mean ± SD

Group	n	Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory score		Mean number of episodes per day (times/day)		Duration of once (minutes)
		Before	After	Before	After	Before	After
Control	90	69.20 ± 8.12	53.89 ± 6.73	4.21 ± 0.82	3.32 ± 0.76	28.57 ± 6.32	20.17 ± 4.52
Observation	90	70.89 ± 9.10	42.56 ± 5.25	4.15 ± 0.90	1.85 ± 0.53	27.90 ± 6.15	10.27 ± 2.82
t value		1.315	12.593	0.468	15.051	0.721	17.629
P value		0.190	0.000	0.641	0.000	0.472	0.000

Table 3 Comparison of neuroendocrine and inflammatory index changes in two groups, mean ± SD

Group	n	Cortisol (μg/dL)		Norepinephrine (pg/mL)		Interleukin-6 (pg/mL)		Tumor necrosis factor alpha (pg/mL)
		Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After
Control	90	22.42 ± 5.11	18.56 ± 4.13	842.46 ± 156.67	678.69 ± 134.25	89.36 ± 20.12	61.21 ± 14.35	45.67 ± 10.29	32.67 ± 7.83
Observation	90	22.15 ± 4.92	14.36 ± 3.22	835.89 ± 162.23	436.78 ± 98.10	88.76 ± 21.37	32.52 ± 8.76	44.85 ± 11.12	18.32 ± 5.16
t value		0.361	7.608	0.276	13.802	0.194	16.189	0.513	14.518
P value		0.718	0.000	0.783	0.000	0.846	0.000	0.608	0.000

Table 4 Comparison of clinical complications and outcomes between the two groups, n (%)

Group	n	Re-bleeding	Aspiration	Unplanned extubation	Change over to intensive care unit	Death
Control	90	15	10	13	33	11
Observation	90	6	3	4	18	5
χ² value		4.367	-	-	6.156	-
P value		0.037	0.081	0.039	0.013	0.189
Odds ratio		2.800	3.625	3.630	2.316	2.367
95%CI		1.033-7.588	0.963-13.650	1.135-11.610	1.183-4.532	0.787-7.117

Table 5 Analysis of intervention module contributions to improving agitated behavior in the observation group

Intervention module	β	t value	P value	Contribution ratio (%)
Individualized psychological intervention compliance	0.382	5.217	< 0.001	42.3
Effective rate of pain management	0.296	4.053	< 0.001	32.7
Time spent with family	0.185	2.641	0.003	20.5
Implementation of environmental optimization	0.097	1.562	0.121	-
Communication and coordination guidance success rate	0.082	1.384	0.168	-

Table 6 Comparison of subjective experience scores between two patient groups and their families (points), mean ± SD

Group	n	Safety rating	Communication satisfaction	Humanistic care perception	Total points
Control	82	6.21 ± 1.35	5.89 ± 1.42	5.67 ± 1.53	17.77 ± 3.86
Observation	86	8.53 ± 0.98	8.72 ± 0.85	8.91 ± 0.76	26.16 ± 2.13
t value		12.790	15.758	17.505	17.550
P value		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000