Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastrointest Surg. May 27, 2026; 18(5): 115612
Published online May 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i5.115612
Published online May 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i5.115612
Complete range of nursing actions for agitated behaviour in elderly patients with emergency liver cirrhosis and bleeding
Yan-Nan Li, Hai-Yan Wang, Department of Emergency, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu Province, China
Ji-Mei Zhang, Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu Province, China
Co-first authors: Yan-Nan Li and Ji-Mei Zhang.
Author contributions: Li YN and Zhang JM made equal contributions to this study, participated in the study design, data collection and analysis, and collaborated on the drafting and revision of the initial manuscript as co-first authors; Wang HY was responsible for the overall coordination of the study and the review of the research protocol, provided guidance on data analysis, revised the final version of the manuscript, and undertook the academic communication work after submission and publication.
AI contribution statement: No use of ChatGPT, Grammarly, DeepL or any other artificial intelligence tools for editing or writing the content.
Supported by Clinical Medical Special Research Fund Project of Nantong University, No. 2022HY009; and Youth Project of Nantong Municipal Health Commission, No. QNZ2023019.
Institutional review board statement: This study has been reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Nantong Third People’s Hospital, No. EK2022041.
Clinical trial registration statement: This study is a randomized controlled trial. Based on the characteristics of the research design and the scope of clinical activities involved, the study was not registered with the Clinical Trial Registry prior to its initiation.
Informed consent statement: All participants provided informed consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no conflict of interest in publishing the manuscript.
CONSORT 2010 statement: The authors have read the CONSORT 2010 Statement, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CONSORT 2010 Statement.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Corresponding author: Hai-Yan Wang, Associate Chief Nurse, Department of Emergency, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, No. 60 Qingnian Middle Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong 226000, Jiangsu Province, China.
Received: November 18, 2025
Revised: December 18, 2025
Accepted: January 26, 2026
Published online: May 27, 2026
Processing time: 190 Days and 4.5 Hours
Revised: December 18, 2025
Accepted: January 26, 2026
Published online: May 27, 2026
Processing time: 190 Days and 4.5 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This study demonstrates that a comprehensive nursing protocol significantly reduces agitation. It also improves physiological markers and patient-family satisfaction. The protocol integrates psychological support, effective pain management, and family involvement. It is used in high-risk elderly emergency patients with cirrhotic hemorrhage. These findings highlight a practical approach. This approach is to manage agitated behaviours. Agitated behaviours are a common and challenging complication. This is in this vulnerable population.