Exploring the mechanism and potential treatment of severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury based on the gut-lung axis

Table 1 Summary of gut microbiota alterations in acute pancreatitis

Ref.	Type of sample	Subjects	Sequencing methods	Phylum	Genus	Species
Zhang et al[10]	Fecal	AP (n = 45) vs healthy volunteers (n = 44)	16S rRNA sequencing	Increase: Bacteroidota, Pseudomonadota. Decrease: Bacillota, Actinomycetota	-	-
Gong et al[11]	Fecal	AP (n = 12) vs healthy controls (n = 12)	Metagenomics and culturomics	Increase: Bacillota, Pseudomonadota. Decrease: Bacteroidota	Increase: Enterococcus, Klebsiella. Decrease: Bacteroides, Eubacterium	Increase: Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, unclassified Enterococcus, Escherichia coli. Decrease: Unclassified Bacteroides, Eubacterium rectale, Prevotella copri
Xie et al[12]	Fecal	AP (n = 86) vs healthy controls (n = 46)	16S rRNA sequencing	-	Increase: Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia-Shigella. Decrease: Akkermansia, Lachnoclostridium, Ruminococcus	-
Hu et al[13]	Fecal	AP (n = 65) vs healthy volunteers (n = 20)	16S rRNA gene sequencing	Increase: Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota	Increase: Escherichia-Shigella, Bacteroides, Enterococcus. Decrease: Bifidobacterium	Increase: Clostridium ramosum. Decrease: Bifidobacterium longum
He et al[14]	Fecal	SAP (n = 73) vs healthy volunteers (n = 28)	-	Increase: Pseudomonadota. Decrease: Bacillota, Actinomycetota	Increase: Escherichia-Shigella, Enterococcus, Klebsiella. Decrease: Blautia, Bifidobacterium, Romboutsia	-
Wang et al[15]	Fecal	SAP vs mild AP	16S rRNA sequencing	Increase: Pseudomonadota, Planctomycetota	Increase: Stenotrophomonas, Enterobacter	Increase: Cloacibacillus evryensis
Ammer-Herrmenau et al[16]	Fecal	SAP (n = 28) vs non-SAP (n = 363)	Metagenomic sequencing	-	-	Increase: Parabacteroides distasonis, Enterocloster bolteae, Flavonifractor plautii, Dysosmobacter welbionis, Anaerobutyricum hallii, Roseburia hominis, Clostridium CCN A10. Decrease: Lachnospiraceae sp., Lachnospira GAM79, Lachnospira eligens, Finegoldia magna, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Lawsonella clevelandensis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Anaerococcus mediterraneensis
Zhao et al[17]	Ileum tissues	AP mice (n = 15) vs control group (n = 10)	16S rRNA sequencing	Increase: Verrucomicrobiota. Decrease: Deferribacterota, Actinomycetota, Campylobacterota	Increase: Muribaculum, Akkermansia, Parabacteroides, Oscillospiraceae_unclassified, Bacteroides. Decrease: Helicobacter, Dietzia	-
Fu et al[18]	Cecal contents	AP mice vs control group	16S rRNA sequencing	Increase: Pseudomonadota, Bacillota. Decrease: Bacteroidota	Increase: Escherichia-Shigella, Bacteroides, Helicobacter. Decrease: Blautia	-
Zhang et al[19]	Colonic contents	SAP mice vs sham-operated group	RNA and assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing	Increase: Pseudomonadota. Decrease: Bacillota	Increase: Escherichia-Shigella, Morganella, Flagellated bacteria. Decrease: Lactobacillus	-

AP: Acute pancreatitis; SAP: Severe acute pancreatitis.