Synchronous vs sequential combination of transarterial chemoembolization and microwave ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Efficacy and prognosis

doi:10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.114378

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Feb 27, 2026 (publication date) through Feb 26, 2026

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery

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1948-9366

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. No commercial re-use. See Permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Surg. Feb 27, 2026; 18(2): 114378
Published online Feb 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.114378

Table 1 Comparison of the baseline demographics for the study cohorts

Data	Synchronous group (n = 56)	Sequential group (n = 50)	χ²/t	P value
Sex (male/female)	32/24	28/22	0.014	0.906
Age (years)	60.12 ± 5.94	59.82 ± 6.94	0.240	0.811
Child-Pugh classification (A/B)	30/26	30/20	0.444	0.505
Tumor diameter (cm)	4.48 ± 0.80	4.40 ± 0.91	0.482	0.631
Clinical staging (II/III/IV)	18/26/12	13/27/10	0.670	0.716
Number of lesions (single/multiple)	19/37	20/30	0.419	0.518

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Table 2 Comparative therapeutic outcomes, n (%)

Response	Synchronous group (n = 56)	Sequential group (n = 50)	χ²	P value
CR	23 (41.07)	17 (34.00)
PR	21 (37.50)	19 (38.00)
SD	6 (10.71)	8 (16.00)
PD	6 (10.71)	6 (12.00)
ORR	44 (78.57)	36 (72.00)	0.616	0.433
DCR	50 (89.29)	44 (88.00)	0.043	0.835

CR: Complete remission; PR: Partial remission; PD: Progressive disease; SD: Stable disease; ORR: Objective response rate; DCR: Disease control rate.

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Table 3 Prognostic comparison between groups, n (%)

Prognosis	Synchronous group (n = 56)	Sequential group (n = 50)	χ²/t	P value
PFS (months)	7.09 ± 2.60	7.58 ± 2.27	1.028	0.306
OS
3 months after treatment	56 (100.00)	49 (98.00)	1.131	0.288
6 months after treatment	56 (100.00)	48 (96.00)	2.283	0.131
12 months after treatment	51 (91.07)	45 (90.00)	0.035	0.851

PFS: Progression-free survival; OS: Overall survival.

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Table 4 Comparative analysis of complications, n (%)

Complications	Synchronous group (n = 56)	Sequential group (n = 50)	χ²	P value
Pyrexia	2 (3.57)	3 (6.00)
Abdominal pain	3 (5.36)	2 (4.00)
Gastrointestinal responses	3 (5.36)	4 (8.00)
Total	8 (14.29)	9 (18.00)	0.271	0.603

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Citation: Yu Y, Yuan W, Lei J, Zhao CB, Tao CG, Liu SH, Wang BL. Synchronous vs sequential combination of transarterial chemoembolization and microwave ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Efficacy and prognosis. World J Gastrointest Surg 2026; 18(2): 114378
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v18/i2/114378.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v18.i2.114378