Diagnostic value of interleukin-8 in colon cancer: Prospective, case-control study

Table 1 Univariate comparison of clinical and laboratory variables, mean ± SD

	Study group	Control group	P value
CEA (μg/L), median (IQR)	1.80 (1.00-5.05)	1.05 (0.65-1.44)	< 0.0011
IL-8 (ng/L), median (IQR)	53.88 (35.25-65.53)	34.93 (27.33-54.81)	0.0051
CRP (mg/L), median (IQR)	0.1 (0.10-0.50)	0.2 (0.20-0.60)	0.1391
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	12.35 ± 2.37	12.41 ± 2.14	0.903
WBC (× 109/L)	9.49 ± 3.85	9.72 ± 4.01	0.838
Platelet (× 109/L)	317.45 ± 106.53	270.86 ± 77.24	0.0211
AST (IU/L), median (IQR)	20 (19-29)	20 (16-31)	0.613
ALT (IU/L), median (IQR)	18 (14-29)	24 (18-34)	0.0191
Albumin (g/L), median (IQR)	41.0 (34.5-44.0)	40.0 (33.5-45.0)	0.930
Urea (mg/dL), median (IQR)	33 (25-48)	34 (26-45)	0.776
Creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR)	0.88 (0.73-1.08)	0.76 (0.63-0.96)	0.0321
Potassium (mmol/L)	4.02 ± 0.51	4.09 ± 0.49	0.536
Hypertension (%)	22.7	43.2	0.0411
Diabetes mellitus (%)	11.4	22.7	0.1561
COPD (%)	9.1	2.3	0.360

¹Variables with P values below 0.2 were included in the multivariate analysis.

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; IQR: Interquartile range; IL-8: Interleukin-8; CRP: C-reactive protein; WBC: White blood cell count; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Table 2 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of predictors for colon adenocarcinoma

	P value	Odds ratio	95%CI
			Lower	Upper
CEA (μg/L)	0.007a	2.685	1.306	5.520
IL-8 (ng/L)	0.006a	1.050	1.014	1.086
Platelet (× 109/L)	0.027a	1.007	1.001	1.014
Hypertension	0.064	0.292	0.080	1.072
ALT (IU/L)	0.056	0.958	0.916	1.001
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.815	0.861	0.263	2.816
CRP (g/L)	0.385	1.005	0.016	0.994

^aP < 0.05.

CI: Confidence interval; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; IL-8: Interleukin-8; CRP: C-reactive protein; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.

Table 3 Subgroup analysis of serum interleukin-8 levels according to clinicopathological features

Variable	Category	Number	IL-8 (pg/mL)	P value1
Tumor location, median (IQR)	Right colon	10	53.20 (37.38-66.63)
	Left colon	31	44.61 (35.59-60.83)
	Synchronous	3	77.65 (41.10-91.40)	0.2223
T stage, median (IQR)	T2	3	44.61 (43.62-60.79)
	T3	27	52.66 (35.91-60.06)
	T4	14	56.56 (30.80-66.45)	0.9124
N stage, median (IQR)	N0	24	45.61 (35.66-68.13)
	N1	15	53.29 (35.91-63.14)
	N2	5	56.85 (34.76-59.72)	0.9988
Overall stage, median (IQR)	Stage 1	4	46.60 (38.68-79.07)
	Stage 2	21	53.10 (33.62-62.79)
	Stage 3	13	46.60 (36.72-76.97)
	Stage 4	6	53.10 (34.12-62.45)	0.9585
Lymphovascular invasion, median (IQR)	Absent	13	46.60 (38.68-79.07)
	Present	31	53.10 (33.62-62.79)	0.6433
Perineural invasion, median (IQR)	Absent	21	46.60 (36.72-76.97)
	Present	23	53.10 (34.12-62.45)	0.7870
Microsatellite instability, median (IQR)	MSS/MSI-L	40	53.20 (35.50-66.12)
	MSI-H	4	44.28 (39.48-47.58)	0.3373
Mode of presentation, median (IQR)	Elective	29	53.10 (36.72-65.87)
	Emergency	14	50.38 (31.69-63.10)	0.5685

¹P values were calculated using Kruskal-Wallis test for variables with more than two categories and Mann-Whitney U test for binary variables.

IQR: Interquartile range; IL-8: Interleukin-8; MSS: Microsatellite stable; MSI-L: Microsatellite instability-low; MSI-H: Microsatellite instability-high.