Assessing predictive value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with doppler ultrasound for post-transcatheter arterial chemoembolization prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Comparison of clinical data, contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters, and Doppler ultrasound parameters between the two groups, n (%)/mean ± SD

Clinical data	Good prognosis group (n = 86)	Poor prognosis group (n = 38)	t/χ2	P value
Sex (male/female)	57/29	22/16	0.801	0.371
Age (years)	62.52 ± 5.24	63.82 ± 6.63	1.165	0.246
Body mass index (kg/m2)	23.48 ± 2.37	23.39 ± 2.41	0.194	0.846
TNM stage			5.684	0.017
I and II stage	58 (67.44)	17 (44.74)
III and IV stage	28 (32.56)	21 (5.26)
Child-Pugh classification
Grade A	53 (61.63)	2 (52.63)	0.881	0.348
Grade B	33 (38.37)	18 (47.37)
Tumor size			8.570	0.003
> 5 cm	30 (34.88)	24 (63.16)
≤ 5 cm	56 (65.12)	14 (36.84)
Number of lesions			5.725	0.017
Single	64 (74.42)	20 (52.63)
Multiple	22 (25.58)	18 (47.3)
Number of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization procedures (times)	2.06 ± 0.67	2.29 ± 0.73	1.715	0.089
Arrival time (seconds)	12.47 ± 1.82	11.20 ± 1.62	3.699	< 0.001
Time to peak (seconds)	25.29 ± 3.65	24.54 ± 3.78	1.042	0.299
Washout time (seconds)	79.44 ± 16.32	64.13 ± 14.58	4.971	< 0.001
Baseline intensity (dB)	4.13 ± 1.27	4.36 ± 1.32	0.917	0.361
Peak intensity (dB)	33.29 ± 5.63	33.87 ± 5.76	0.525	0.601
Hepatic artery peak systolic velocity (cm/second)	113.54 ± 18.68	135.28 ± 19.53	5.892	< 0.001
Portal vein velocity (cm/second)	14.38 ± 2.17	12.16 ± 1.67	5.612	< 0.001
Resistance index	0.82 ± 0.24	0.86 ± 0.27	0.805	0.422
Blood flow grading			8.839	0.032
Grade 0	6 (6.98)	1 (2.63)
Grade I	35 (40.70)	7 (18.42)
Grade II	26 (30.23)	14 (36.84)
Grade III	19 (22.09)	16 (42.11)

Table 2 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

Indicator	β	SE	Wald	P value	Odds ratio	95%CI
TNM stage	1.573	0.784	4.026	0.045	4.820	1.037-22.398
Tumor size	2.344	0.866	7.328	0.007	10.419	1.909-56.855
Number of lesions	1.522	0.764	3.971	0.046	4.582	1.025-20.473
Arrival time	-0.564	0.231	5.959	0.015	0.569	0.361-0.895
Washout time	-0.050	0.024	4.332	0.037	0.952	0.908-0.997
Hepatic artery peak systolic velocity	0.069	0.020	12.581	< 0.001	1.072	1.031-1.113
Portal vein velocity	-0.595	0.208	8.181	0.004	0.551	0.367-0.829
Blood flow grading	0.926	0.469	3.896	0.048	2.526	1.007-6.337
Constant	-2.233	5.574	0.161	0.689	-	-

Table 3 Predictive value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with Doppler ultrasound parameters in the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization

Indicator	Area under the curve	95%CI	Optimal cutoff value	P value	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)
Arrival time	0.704	0.608-0.801	11.92	< 0.001	71.11	65.06
Washout time	0.762	0.673-0.852	69.44	< 0.001	68.40	75.63
Hepatic artery peak systolic velocity	0.796	0.710-0.882	120.70	< 0.001	78.91	68.64
Portal vein velocity	0.796	0.715-0.876	13.59	< 0.001	81.58	67.42
Blood flow grading	0.657	0.555-0.760	-	0.005	52.30	73.44
Combined detection	0.942	0.898-0.985	-	< 0.001	89.45	89.45