Early gastric dilation after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: Insights from a three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction study

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of 50 participants included in this study (n = 50)

Characteristics	mean ± SD or n (%)
Age (years)	32.65 ± 8.31
Sex (male/female)	16/34 (32)
Height (cm)	169.82 ± 7.89
Body weight (kg)	121.49 ± 25.15
BMI (kg/m2)	42.27 ± 7.19
Comorbidities
Type 2 diabetes	18 (36)
Hypertension	13 (26)
Hyperlipidemia	7 (14)
Hyperuricemia	19 (38)
Chronic gastritis	18 (36)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	21 (42)
Smoking	10 (20)
Alcohol consumption	8 (16)
Laboratory parameter
Preoperative fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)	5.45 ± 1.34
Preoperative HbA1c (%)	6.00 ± 1.02
Preoperative WBC (109/L)	8.25 ± 1.92
Preoperative CRP (mg/L)	10.22 ± 7.71
Resected stomach measurements
Resected stomach volume (mL)	793.08 ± 156.03
Spinal length (cm)	33.75 ± 3.92
Postoperative follow-up indicators
GERD-Q score	3.56 ± 1.58
EBBS-Q score	10.80 ± 2.79

BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; WBC: White blood cell count; CRP: C-reactive protein; GERD: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire; EBBS-Q: Eating Behavior After Bariatric Surgery Questionnaire.

Table 2 Change in weight and body mass index throughout the follow-up period (n = 50)

Characteristic	Weight (kg)	BMI (kg/m2)	%TWL
Preoperative	121.49 ± 25.15	42.27 ± 7.19	-
1 month	106.19 ± 21.99	36.85 ± 6.25	12 ± 3
3 months	93.91 ± 19.61	32.59 ± 5.47	23 ± 4
6 months	86.52 ± 18.11	30.02 ± 5.02	29 ± 5
12 months	79.81 ± 14.84	27.75 ± 4.13	34 ± 7

BMI: Body mass index; %TWL: Percent total weight loss.

Table 3 Correlation between resected gastric volume and percent total weight loss at 12 months postoperatively, Eating Behavior After Bariatric Surgery Questionnaire score, and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire score (n = 119)

Variable	r value	P value
%TWL at 12 months	0.083	0.568
GERD-Q score	-0.344	0.124
EBBS-Q score	0.137	0.344

%TWL: Percent total weight loss; GERD-Q: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire; EBBS-Q: Eating Behavior After Bariatric Surgery Questionnaire.

Table 4 Changes in residual stomach volume in the early postoperative period (1 month vs 3 months)

Residual gastric measurement	1 month	3 months	P value
AV (mL)	45.93 ± 16.75	48.14 ± 16.40	0.038
TV (mL)	115.85 ± 44.92	126.29 ± 38.27	0.001
TSV (mL)	161.77 ± 55.37	174.43 ± 47.30	0.001
TAVR	2.69	2.84	0.950
Degree of residual gastric dilation (%)	-	13.50 ± 17.35	-

AV: Antral volume; TV: Tube volume; TSV: Total sleeve volume; TAVR: Tube-to-antral volume ratio.

Table 5 Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses for the degree of residual gastric dilation

Variable	Univariate		Multivariate
	β value (95%CI)	P value	β value (95%CI)	P value
Age, years	-0.260 (-0.266 to -0.254)	0.068	-0.029 (-0.049 to -0.009)	0.814
Sex, male/female	-0.072 (-0.179 to 0.035)	0.617	-	-
BMI, kg/m2	-0.249 (-0.255 to -0.243)	0.082	-0.021 (-0.027-0.015)	0.881
Comorbidities
Hypertension	-0.092 (-0.205 to 0.021)	0.527	-	-
Type 2 diabetes, %	0.294 (0.196-0.392)	0.039	0.268 (0.185-0.351)	0.024
Chronic gastritis	-0.055 (-0.156 to 0.046)	0.705	-	-
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	-0.230 (-0.328 to -0.132)	0.108	-	-
Smoking, %	-0.061 (-0.186 to 0.064)	0.673	-	-
Alcohol consumption, %	-0.114 (-0.249 to 0.021)	0.429	-	-
Laboratory parameter
Preoperative fasting blood glucose, mmol/L	0.043 (0.007-0.079)	0.764	-	-
Preoperative HbA1c, %	-0.125 (-0.171 to -0.079)	0.385	-	-
Preoperative WBC, 109/L	0.074 (0.050-0.098)	0.607	-	-
Preoperative CRP, mg/L	0.091 (0.085-0.097)	0.532	-	-
Resected stomach volume, mL	-0.195 (-0.215 to -0.175)	0.174	-	-
Spinal length, cm	-0.197 (-0.209 to -0.185)	0.169	-	-
Residual gastric volume at 1 month	-0.511 (-0.531 to -0.490)	< 0.001	-0.407 (-0.409 to -0.405)	0.003
TAVR	-0.095 (-0.147 to -0.043)	0.511	-	-
Postoperative follow-up indicators
GERD-Q score	0.450 (0.422-0.478)	0.001	0.302 (0.274-0.330)	0.019
EBBS-Q score	-0.250 (-0.268 to -0.232)	0.080	-0.119 (-0.135 to -0.103)	0.356

CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; WBC: White blood cell count; CRP: C-reactive protein; TAVR: Tube-to-antral volume ratio.