Efficacy of single-lumen and double-lumen peripherally inserted central catheters in patients undergoing digestive surgery within bundled care contexts

Table 1 Comparison of demographic characteristics between two groups, n (%)

	Single-lumen group (n = 117)	Double-lumen group (n = 132)	t/χ²	P value
Age (years)	55.23 ± 10.12	56.57 ± 11.34	0.976	0.33
Body mass index (kg/m2)	23.78 ± 3.45	23.84 ± 3.67	0.117	0.907
Female/male	65 (55.56)/52 (44.44)	69 (52.27)/63 (47.73)	0.269	0.604
Smoking history (yes/no)	32 (27.35)/85 (72.65)	33 (25)/99 (75)	0.178	0.673
Drinking history (yes/no)	41 (35.04)/76 (64.96)	40 (30.3)/92 (69.7)	0.635	0.426
Hypertension (yes/no)	26 (22.22)/91 (77.78)	29 (21.97)/103 (78.03)	0.002	0.962
Diabetes (yes/no)	21 (17.95)/96 (82.05)	19 (14.39)/113 (85.61)	0.581	0.446
Educational level (junior college graduate or lower/college graduate or higher)	75 (64.1)/42 (35.9)	76 (57.58)/56 (42.42)	1.107	0.293
Marital status (married/unmarried)	97 (82.91)/20 (17.09)	104 (78.79)/28 (21.21)	0.676	0.411
Ethnicity (Han/other)	107 (91.45)/10 (8.55)	119 (90.15)/13 (9.85)	0.125	0.723

Table 2 Comparison of patient condition between two groups, n (%)

	Single-lumen group (n = 117)	Double-lumen group (n = 132)	χ²	P value
Gastrointestinal tumors	88 (75.21)	97 (73.48)	0.295	0.990
Intestinal obstruction	18 (15.38)	20 (15.15)
Gastrointestinal trauma	4 (3.42)	6 (4.55)
Gastroduodenal ulcer	4 (3.42)	5 (3.79)
Abdominal tuberculosis	3 (2.56)	4 (3.03)

Table 3 Comparison of extended biochemical parameters between two groups

	Single-lumen group (n = 117)	Double-lumen group (n = 132)	t	P value
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	190.45 ± 35.6	192.77 ± 35.67	0.511	0.61
HDL (mg/dL)	55.23 ± 13.33	54.12 ± 12.78	0.669	0.504
LDL (mg/dL)	110.65 ± 29.84	112.45 ± 30.12	0.474	0.636
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	140.32 ± 40.67	138.9 ± 42.75	0.268	0.789
Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL)	102.38 ± 12.45	101.67 ± 11.98	0.462	0.644
C-reactive protein (mg/L)	3.45 ± 1.67	3.56 ± 1.70	0.532	0.595
Hemoglobin A1c (%)	5.87 ± 0.80	5.82 ± 0.75	0.444	0.658
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	1.01 ± 0.18	0.98 ± 0.20	0.976	0.33

HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein.

Table 4 Comparison of extended respiratory function tests between two groups

	Single-lumen group (n = 117)	Double-lumen group (n = 132)	t	P value
FEV1 (L)	3.21 ± 0.58	3.15 ± 0.6	0.804	0.422
FVC (L)	4.05 ± 0.72	4 ± 0.75	0.611	0.542
FEV1/FVC ratio (%)	79.26 ± 5.34	78.92 ± 5.41	0.496	0.621
PEF (L/minute)	480.23 ± 50.12	475.89 ± 49.78	0.685	0.494
DLCO (% predicted)	85.12 ± 10.25	84.78 ± 10.15	0.265	0.791
Respiratory rate (breaths/minute)	16.22 ± 2.04	16.45 ± 2.10	0.873	0.383

FEV1: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC: Forced vital capacity; DLCO: Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; PEF: Peak expiratory flow.

Table 5 Comparison of hemodynamic stability during catheterization between two groups

	Single-lumen group (n = 117)	Double-lumen group (n = 132)	t/χ²	P value
Heart rate variation (beats/minute)	5.40 ± 1.30	5.50 ± 1.40	0.6	0.549
Blood pressure variation (mmHg)	3.40 ± 1.22	3.50 ± 1.30	0.588	0.557
Oxygen saturation (%)	98.9 ± 0.53	98.87 ± 0.70	0.297	0.767
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	92 ± 7.09	93.51 ± 6.50	1.756	0.08
Central venous pressure (cmH2O)	8.02 ± 1.56	8.33 ± 1.60	1.551	0.122

Table 6 Comparison of catheter-related complications between two groups, n (%)

	Single-lumen group (n = 117)	Double-lumen group (n = 132)	t/χ²	P value
Infection rate	4 (3.42)	4 (3.03)	0	1
Thrombosis	1 (0.85)	9 (6.82)	4.28	0.039
Dislodgement	3 (2.56)	4 (3.03)	0	1
Occlusion	5 (4.27)	3 (2.27)	0.285	0.594
Total complications	14 (11.97)	18 (13.64)	0.155	0.694