Effects of enhanced recovery after surgery on postoperative intestinal function and intestinal flora during laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery

Table 1 Clinical and pathological data of two groups of gastric cancer patients, mean ± SD

Baseline information	ERAS group (n = 40)	Traditional treatment group (n = 40)	P value
Age (year)	61.81 ± 4.62	60.21 ± 5.12	0.41
Gender (male/female)	32/8	34/6	0.45
BMI (kg/m2)	24.32 ± 3.13	23.31 ± 2.82	0.71
Tumor site			0.79
Upper part of stomach	5	2	-
Mid stomach	10	10	-
Lower part of stomach	25	28	-
Surgical time (minute)	220.71 ± 30.41	232.73 ± 32.01	0.61
Tumor size (cm)	3.81 ± 1.72	3.91 ± 1.66	0.59
Degree of tumor differentiation			0.66
Well differentiated	2	3	-
Moderately differentiated	15	16	-
Poorly differentiated	20	18	-
Signet-ring cell carcinoma	2	3	-
Mucinous cell carcinoma	1	0	-
Lauren classification
Intestinal	28	30	-
Diffuse	5	7	-
Mixed type	7	3	-
TNM stage
I	2	3	-
II	13	14	-
III	25	23	-
IV	0	0	-

ERAS: Enhanced recovery after surgery; BMI: Body mass index; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.

Table 2 The duration of bowel sounds, first anal exhaust and defecation in the two groups

Characteristic	ERAS group (n = 40)	Traditional treatment group (n = 40)	P value
Number of cases	40	40	-
First occurrence time of bowel sounds (hours)	16.25 ± 6.41	22.30 ± 6.49	< 0.0001
First exhaust time (hours)	23.95 ± 6.02	28.45 ± 7.12	0.003
First defecation time (hours)	34.95 ± 9.34	48.10 ± 15.64	< 0.0001
Postoperative hospitalization time (days)	6.2 ± 1.5	8.1 ± 2.0	< 0.001
Postoperative pain score (VAS, 24 hours)	2.5 ± 1.0	3.8 ± 1.2	< 0.001
Postoperative nutritional support duration (days)	2.1 ± 0.8	4.5 ± 1.2	< 0.001
Postoperative urinary catheter duration (days)	1.2 ± 0.4	2.5 ± 0.8	< 0.001
Postoperative intravenous fluid volume (L)	2.0 ± 0.5	3.2 ± 0.8	< 0.001
Postoperative oral intake time (hours)	20.5 ± 5.0	30.0 ± 6.0	< 0.001

ERAS: Enhanced recovery after surgery; VAS: Visual Analog Scale.

Table 3 Comparison of postoperative muscle strength recovery

Time point	ERAS group (n = 40)	Traditional treatment group (n = 40)	P value
Preoperative	170.21 ± 44.82	168.90 ± 41.44	0.89
First postoperative visit	89.71 ± 30.12	63.28 ± 25.29	< 0.01
1 week after surgery	107.91 ± 25.15	76.45 ± 23.37	< 0.01
2 weeks after surgery	119.51 ± 25.66	97.03 ± 22.64	< 0.01
1 month after surgery	139.23 ± 32.16	122.90 ± 31.45	0.02
Preoperative-first postoperative session	80.50 ± 21.84	105.60 ± 23.52	< 0.01
Preoperative-1 week postoperatively	62.31 ± 33.96	92.43 ± 27.99	< 0.01
Preoperative-2 weeks postoperatively	50.68 ± 27.74	71.85 ± 26.12	< 0.01
Preoperative-1 month postoperatively	30.98 ± 20.63	46.03 ± 19.98	< 0.01

ERAS: Enhanced recovery after surgery.