Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Jul 27, 2025; 17(7): 106026
Published online Jul 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i7.106026
Table 1 Comparison of general information
Variables
Total (n = 264)
Normal group (n = 96)
FCR group (n = 168)
Statistic
P value
Age65.70 ± 4.6867.16 ± 4.7264.87 ± 4.46t = 3.86< 0.001
Genderχ² = 0.430.512
Female117 (44.32)40 (41.67)77 (45.83)
Male147 (55.68)56 (58.33)91 (54.17)
Spouseχ² = 0.450.500
Yes223 (84.47)83 (86.46)140 (83.33)
No41 (15.53)13 (13.54)28 (16.67)
Educational levelχ² = 5.360.021
High school and above97 (36.74)44 (45.83)53 (31.55)
Junior high school and below167 (63.26)52 (54.17)115 (68.45)
Household incomeχ² = 1.680.194
High income110 (41.67)45 (46.88)65 (38.69)
Low income154 (58.33)51 (53.12)103 (61.31)
Residenceχ² = 0.540.461
Urban areas104 (39.39)35 (36.46)69 (41.07)
Rural areas160 (60.61)61 (63.54)99 (58.93)
Primary caregiverχ² = 0.020.901
Children84 (31.82)31 (32.29)53 (31.55)
Spouses180 (68.18)65 (67.71)115 (68.45)
Payment methodχ² = 0.590.443
Medical insurance237 (89.77)88 (91.67)149 (88.69)
Self-payment27 (10.23)8 (8.33)19 (11.31)
Psychological resilience62.55 ± 7.2765.52 ± 7.4760.85 ± 6.59t = 5.27< 0.001
Social support43.97 ± 4.9945.16 ± 5.3243.30 ± 4.67t = 2.950.003
Self-perceived burden30.24 ± 6.4528.72 ± 6.5131.11 ± 6.27t = -2.940.004
Table 2 Comparison of clinical information
Variables
Total (n = 264)
Normal group (n = 96)
FCR group (n = 168)
Statistic
P value
Duration of diseaseχ² = 5.610.018
≥ 1 year115 (43.56)51 (53.12)64 (38.10)
< 1 year149 (56.44)45 (46.88)104 (61.90)
Tumor diameterχ² = 5.460.020
< 5 cm154 (58.33)65 (67.71)89 (52.98)
≥ 5 cm110 (41.67)31 (32.29)79 (47.02)
Clinical stagingχ² = 2.160.141
Phase I and II204 (77.27)79 (82.29)125 (74.40)
Phase III and IV60 (22.73)17 (17.71)43 (25.60)
Pathological typeχ² = 0.090.770
Other52 (19.70)18 (18.75)34 (20.24)
Adenocarcinoma212 (80.30)78 (81.25)134 (79.76)
Multiple fociχ² = 2.700.101
No227 (85.98)87 (90.62)140 (83.33)
Yes37 (14.02)9 (9.38)28 (16.67)
Lesion siteχ² = 0.050.974
Upper part89 (33.71)33 (34.38)56 (33.33)
Middle part82 (31.06)30 (31.25)52 (30.95)
Lower part93 (35.23)33 (34.38)60 (35.71)
H. pyloriχ² = 0.440.506
No68 (25.76)27 (28.12)41 (24.40)
Yes196 (74.24)69 (71.88)127 (75.60)
Postoperative complicationsχ² = 4.580.032
No216 (81.82)85 (88.54)131 (77.98)
Yes48 (18.18)11 (11.46)37 (22.02)
Table 3 Univariate logistic regression analysis
Variables
β
SE
Z value
P value
OR (95%CI)
Age-0.110.03-3.73< 0.0010.90 (0.85-0.95)
Gender
Female1.00 (Ref.)
Male-0.170.26-0.660.5120.84 (0.51-1.40)
Spouse
Yes1.00 (Ref.)
No0.240.360.670.5011.28 (0.63-2.60)
Educational level
High school and above1.00 (Ref.)
Junior high school and below0.610.262.300.0211.84 (1.10-3.08)
Household income
High income1.00 (Ref.)
Low income0.340.261.300.1951.40 (0.84-2.32)
Residence
Urban areas1.00 (Ref.)
Rural areas-0.190.26-0.740.4610.82 (0.49-1.38)
Primary caregiver
Children1.00 (Ref.)
Spouses0.030.270.120.9011.03 (0.60-1.77)
Payment method
Medical insurance1.00 (Ref.)
Self-payment0.340.440.760.4441.40 (0.59-3.34)
Psychological resilience-0.100.02-4.79< 0.0010.91 (0.87-0.94)
Social support-0.080.03-2.860.0040.93 (0.88-0.98)
Self-perceived burden0.060.022.860.0041.06 (1.02-1.10)
Duration of disease
≥ 1 year1.00 (Ref.)
< 1 year0.610.262.360.0181.84 (1.11-3.06)
Tumor diameter
< 5 cm1.00 (Ref.)
≥ 5 cm0.620.272.320.0201.86 (1.10-3.14)
Clinical staging
Phase I and II1.00 (Ref.)
Phase III and IV0.470.321.460.1431.60 (0.85-3.00)
Pathological type
Others1.00 (Ref.)
Adenocarcinoma-0.090.32-0.290.7700.91 (0.48-1.72)
Multiple foci
No1.00 (Ref.)
Yes0.660.411.620.1051.93 (0.87-4.29)
Lesion site
Upper part1.00 (Ref.)
Middle part0.020.320.070.9471.02 (0.55-1.90)
Lower part0.070.310.220.8231.07 (0.59-1.96)
H. pylori
No1.00 (Ref.)
Yes0.190.290.660.5061.21 (0.69-2.14)
Postoperative complications
No1.00 (Ref.)
Yes0.780.372.110.0352.18 (1.06-4.51)
Table 4 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis
Variables
β
SE
Z value
P value
OR (95%CI)
Age-0.110.04-3.150.0020.89 (0.83-0.96)
Psychological resilience-0.120.02-5.02< 0.0010.89 (0.85-0.93)
Social support-0.090.03-2.760.0060.92 (0.86-0.97)
Self-perceived burden0.110.034.00< 0.0011.11 (1.06-1.17)
Educational level
High school and above1.00 (Ref.)
Junior high school and below0.950.332.870.0042.59 (1.35-4.96)
Duration of disease
≥ 1 year1.00 (Ref.)
< 1 year0.660.312.130.0331.94 (1.05-3.58)
Tumor diameter
< 5 cm1.00 (Ref.)
≥ 5 cm0.810.322.510.0122.24 (1.19-4.20)
Postoperative complications
No1.00 (Ref.)
Yes1.110.442.520.0123.04 (1.28-7.21)
Table 5 Confusion matrix analysis
AUC (95%CI)
Accuracy (95%CI)
Sensitivity (95%CI)
Specificity (95%CI)
PPV (95%CI)
NPV (95%CI)
Cutoff
0.82 (0.77-0.87)0.73 (0.67-0.78)0.77 (0.69-0.85)0.70 (0.63-0.77)0.60 (0.51-0.68)0.84 (0.78-0.90)0.659