Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Jul 27, 2025; 17(7): 105860
Published online Jul 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i7.105860
Table 1 Comparison of hospital outcomes between patients with and without transfusion, n (%)

Transfusion
Non-transfusion
P value
AKI12 (8.3)22 (2.7)0.001
MINS8 (5.5)10 (1.2)0.001
Respiratory complications23 (15.9)62 (7.5)0.001
Table 2 Multivariate logistic regression model for acute kidney injury, myocardial injury and respiratory complications
Risk factor
OR (95%CI)
P value
aOR (95%CI)
P value
AKI
Blood transfusion (%)3.277 (1.584-6.779)0.0012.975 (1.416-6.252)0.004
Age, year1.110 (1.055-1.168)< 0.00051.101 (1.045-1.159)< 0.0005
Preoperative albumin (g/dL)0.924 (0.847-1.008)0.075Reference0.514
MINS
Blood transfusion (%)4.742 (1.839-12.226)0.0015.109 (1.943-13.438)0.001
Age, year1.086 (1.013-1.164)0.020Reference0.063
Heart disease (%)3.059 (1.069-8.750)0.037Reference0.075
Site of procedure (%)0.0410.026
StomachReferenceReference
Colon2.912 (1.096-7.738)0.0323.437 (1.270-9.301)0.015
Rectum0.466 (0.057-3.812)0.4760.625 (0.075-5.211)0.664
ASA score (%)Reference0.076Reference0.096
Respiratory complications
Blood transfusion (%)2.311 (1.380-3.869)0.0012.221 (1.225-4.025)0.009
Age, year1.039 (1.002-1.077)0.0401.033 (0.996-1.072)0.081
Preoperative hematocrit level (%)0.0370.265
> 30.0%-Reference
27.0%-30.0%0.952 (0.399-2.273)0.9120.623 (0.251-1.594)0.331
24.0%-26.9%2.965 (1.415-6.216)0.0041.815 (0.799-4.122)0.154
15.0%-23.9%1.252 (0.284-5.512)0.7660.729 (0.155-3.430)0.689
Table 3 Effect of intraoperative blood transfusion on postoperative complications

Incidence (%)
aOR (95%CI)
P value
c-index
H-L statistic
AKI8.32.975 (1.416-6.252)0.0040.7115.360
MINS5.55.109 (1.943-13.438)0.0010.7572.829
Respiratory15.92.221 (1.225-4.025)0.0090.9726.189
Table 4 Baseline characteristics of blood transfusion and non-transfusion patients, n (%)
Characteristics
Transfusion (n = 145)
Non-transfusion (n = 822)
P value
Age, year72 (68, 78)71 (68, 76)0.175
Males101 (69.7)595 (72.4)0.500
Blood loss (mL/kg)6.91 ± 6.403.26 ± 3.01< 0.0005
Weight (kg)61.75 ± 11.1163.32 ± 10.130.089
Preoperative albumin (g/dL)36.27 ± 3.4238.22 ± 4.03< 0.0005
Duration of surgery > 300 minutes59 (40.7)171 (20.8)< 0.0005
Heart disease18 (12.4)93 (11.3)0.702
Hypertension66 (45.5)353 (43.1)0.583
Stroke17 (11.7)65 (7.9)0.128
Pulmonary disease6 (4.1)60 (7.3)0.164
Obesity21 (14.5)113 (13.7)0.813
Cancer stage0.016
I14 (9.6)170 (20.7)
II48 (33.1)233 (28.3)
III72 (49.7)350 (42.6)
IV11 (7.6)69 (8.4)
Preoperative hematocrit level< 0.0005
> 30.0%70 (48.3)752 (91.5)
27.0%-30.0%34 (23.4)43 (5.2)
24.0%-26.9%26 (17.9)22 (2.7)
15.0%-23.9%15 (10.3)5 (0.6)
ASA score0.325
232 (22.1)155 (18.9)
3107 (73.8)646 (78.6)
46 (4.1)21 (2.6)
Site of procedure0.001
Stomach436 (53.0)99 (68.3)
Colon235 (28.6)34 (23.4)
Rectum151 (18.4)12 (8.3)
Table 5 Risk factors for intraoperative blood transfusion
Risk factor
aOR (95%CI)
P value
Duration of surgery > 300 minutes (%)2.738 (1.641-4.568)< 0.0005
Blood loss (mL/kg)1.230 (1.161-1.303)< 0.0005
Preoperative hematocrit level (%)< 0.0005
> 30.0%Reference
27.0%-30.0%12.040 (6.540-22.166)< 0.0005
24.0%-26.9%16.408 (8.115-33.177)< 0.0005
15.0%-23.9%36.584 (11.003-121.638)< 0.0005