Construction of a risk prediction model for postoperative cognitive dysfunction in colorectal cancer patients

Table 1 General data, mean ± SD

General data	Modeling group (n = 98)	Validation group (n = 42)	χ2/t	P value
Gender			0.136	0.712
Male	48	22
Female	50	20
Age (years)	56.12 ± 6.33	56.23 ± 6.27	0.094	0.925
ASA classification			1.979	0.159
Class I-II	41	23
Class III	57	19
TNM staging			0.510	0.775
Stage I	38	19
Stage II	29	11
Stage III	31	12

TNM: Tumor node metastasis; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Table 2 Baseline data, mean ± SD

Baseline data	Observation group (n = 54)	Control group (n = 44)	χ2/t	P value
Gender			0.347	0.556
Male	25	23
Female	29	21
Age (years)	56.08 ± 6.23	56.04 ± 6.17	0.032	0.975
ASA classification			0.059	0.807
Class I-II	22	19
Class III	32	25
TNM staging			0.298	0.862
Stage I	21	17
Stage II	17	12
Stage III	16	15

TNM: Tumor node metastasis; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Table 3 Univariate analysis of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in colorectal cancer patients, mean ± SD

General data	Cognitive dysfunction group (n = 37)	Non-cognitive dysfunction group (n = 61)	χ2/t	P value
Gender			0.219	0.640
Male	17	31
Female	20	30
Age (years)	56.44 ± 6.12	55.83 ± 7.12	0.433	0.666
BMI			1.255	0.263
≥ 24 kg/m2	11	25
< 24 kg/m2	26	36
ASA classification			1.097	0.295
Class I-II	13	28
Class III	24	33
Hypertension			0.188	0.665
Presence	10	19
Absence	27	42
Diabetes			4.353	0.037
Presence	25	28
Absence	12	33
Alcohol consumption			4.183	0.041
Presence	26	30
Absence	11	31
TNM staging			2.834	0.242
Stage I	17	21
Stage II	12	17
Stage III	8	23
Smoking history			0.414	0.520
Presence	11	22
Absence	26	39
Education (years)			4.389	0.036
≥ 10 years	22	23
< 10 years	15	38
Marital status			0.794	0.373
Married	13	27
Unmarried/widowed	24	34
Anesthesia duration			5.143	0.023
≥ 4 hours	25	22
< 4 hours	12	29
Intraoperative blood loss			4.832	0.028
≥ 300 mL	26	29
< 300 mL	11	32
Intraoperative hypoxemia			8.543	0.003
Presence	27	26
Absence	10	35
Use of DEX during surgery			9.770	0.002
Absence	26	23
Presence	11	38
Use of vasoactive agents during surgery			4.353	0.037
Presence	25	28
Absence	12	33
Surgical duration			7.368	0.007
≥ 90 minutes	29	31
< 90 minutes	8	30
Tumor location			0.149	0.928
Proximal colon	13	22
Distal colon	11	16
Rectum	13	23
SIRS scores			5.939	0.015
≥ 3 points	28	31
< 3 points	9	30
Postoperative fasting duration			0.103	0.748
≥ 3 days	20	35
< 3 days	17	26

BMI: Body mass index; DEX: Dexmedetomidine; SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome; TNM: Tumor node metastasis; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

Table 4 Assignment method

Factors	Assignment
Diabetes	1: Presence; 0: Absence
Alcohol consumption	1: Presence; 0: Absence
Years of education	1: ≥ 10 years; 0: < 10 years
Anesthesia duration	1: ≥ 4 hours; 0: < 4 hours
Intraoperative blood loss	1: ≥ 300 mL; 0: < 300 mL
Intraoperative hypoxemia	1: Presence; 0: Absence
Intraoperative use of DEX	1: Absence; 0: Presence
Surgical time	1: ≥ 90 minutes; 0: < 90 minutes
Intraoperative use of vasoactive drugs	1: Absence; 0: Presence
SIRS score	1: ≥ 3 points; 0: < 3 points

DEX: Dexmedetomidine; SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Table 5 Risk factors of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in colorectal cancer patients

Factors	β value	SE value	χ2 value	OR	95%CI	P value
Diabetes	1.613	0.713	5.118	5.018	1.241-20.297	0.024
Alcohol consumption	1.589	0.623	6.505	4.899	1.445-16.611	0.011
Years of education	1.317	0.723	3.318	3.732	0.905-15.396	0.069
Anesthesia duration	1.369	0.933	2.153	3.931	0.631-24.476	0.143
Intraoperative blood loss	1.283	0.689	3.467	3.607	0.935-13.922	0.063
Intraoperative hypoxemia	1.592	0.634	6.305	4.914	1.418-17.024	0.012
Non-use of DEX during surgery	1.337	0.629	4.518	3.808	1.110-13.064	0.034
Intraoperative use of vasoactive drugs	1.371	0.735	3.479	3.939	0.933-16.637	0.063
Surgical time	1.592	0.633	6.325	4.914	1.421-16.991	0.012
SIRS scores	1.432	0.588	5.931	4.187	1.322-13.256	0.015

DEX: Dexmedetomidine; SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 6 Model validation

Model		Actual cognitive dysfunction
		Positive	Negative	Total
Prediction of cognitive dysfunction	Positive	21	4	25
	Negative	5	12	17
	Total	26	16	42