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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Apr 27, 2025; 17(4): 104187
Published online Apr 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i4.104187
Published online Apr 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i4.104187
Table 1 Analysis of general patient information, n (%)
| Item | Statistic |
| Total number of patients, baseline | 105 |
| Age | |
| < 65 years old | 74 (70.48) |
| ≥ 65 years old | 31 (29.52) |
| Gender | |
| Male | 78 (74.29) |
| Female | 27 (25.71) |
| Survival status at analysis | |
| Alive | 24 (22.86) |
| Deceased | 81 (77.14) |
| Follow-up time (months) | |
| Mean (range) | 17.32 (0.21-142.55) |
| Median (interquartile range) | 10.95 (4.23-21.32) |
| Etiology | |
| Hepatitis B virus | 89 (84.76) |
| Hepatitis C virus | 9 (8.57) |
| Alcoholic liver disease | 7 (6.66) |
| Cryptogenic liver cancer | 1(0.95) |
| Cirrhosis | 71 (67.62) |
| Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging | |
| B | 31 (29.52) |
| C | 71 (67.62) |
| D | 3 (2.86) |
| Child-Pugh classification | |
| A | 70 (66.67) |
| B | 34 (32.38) |
| C | 1 (0.95) |
| ECOG performance status | |
| 0 | 58 (55.24) |
| 1 | 41 (39.05) |
| 2 | 4 (3.81) |
| 3 | 2 (1.90) |
| Number of tumors | |
| 1 | 19 (18.10) |
| 2 | 20 (19.05) |
| 3 | 12 (11.43) |
| More than 4 | 54 (51.43) |
| Tumor size (cm) | |
| Mean (range) | 8.72 (1.6-19.8) |
| Median (interquartile range) | 8.15 (5.2-11.8) |
| Portal vein invasion | |
| Yes | 44 (41.90) |
| No | 61 (58.10) |
| Extrahepatic metastasis | |
| Yes | 9 (8.57) |
| No | 96 (91.43) |
| TACE Type | |
| Lipiodol | 69 (65.71) |
| Drug-eluting beads | 36 (34.29) |
| Number of TACE treatments | |
| 1 | 50 (47.62) |
| 2 | 19 (18.10) |
| 3 | 14 (13.33) |
| 4 or more than 4 | 22 (20.95) |
Table 2 Comparison of effective tumor volume before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization treatment with and without magnetic resonance bias field correction
| Variables baseline ETV | Mean (interval) (cm3) | P value | |
| No MR bias field correction | With MR bias field correction | ||
| After TACE treatment | 825.632 (63.523-3563.126) | 505.235 (142.352-1292.223) | < 0.001 |
| ETV | 632.523 (47.235-3382.532) | 325.236 (110.135-1018.516) | < 0.001 |
Table 3 Hazard ratios of baseline effective tumor volume, absolute effective tumor volume change, and effective tumor volume% with and without magnetic resonance bias field correction
| Variable | Not using bias field correction | Use bias field correction | ||
| Hazard ratio | P value | Hazard ratio | P value | |
| Baseline ETV | 1.063 (1.031-1.095) | < 0.001 | 1.165 (1.069-1.268) | < 0.001 |
| Absolute ETV change | 1.012 (0.985-1.042) | 0.481 | 1.040 (0.935-1.160) | 0.512 |
| ETV% | 1.005 (0.981-1.030) | 0.793 | 0.665 (0.538-0.825) | < 0.001 |
Table 4 Survival time of different effective tumor volume groups before transcatheter arterial chemoembolization treatment
| Percentage (%) | < 415 cm3 | ≥ 415 cm3 | ||
| Survival time (months) | 95%CI | Survival time (months) | 95%CI | |
| 25 | 10.523 | 4.862-15.235 | 3.862 | 1.523-5.862 |
| 50 | 18.523 | 14.862-29.635 | 8.926 | 5.923-10.832 |
| 75 | 35.862 | 22.523-45.236 | 15.235 | 10.523-19.862 |
Table 5 Survival time of different effective tumor volume% groups before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization treatment
| Percent (%) | < 0.414 | ≥ 0.414 | ||
| Survival time (months) | 95%CI | Survival time (months) | 95%CI | |
| 25 | 3.235 | 1.523-5.862 | 10.523 | 6.523-14.862 |
| 50 | 9.235 | 5.862-12.523 | 17.862 | 13.926-20.635 |
| 75 | 15.235 | 10.235-31.523 | 29.635 | 19.862-72.523 |
Table 6 Results of baseline effective tumor volume single factor and multi factor analysis using bias field correction
| Variables | Control | Single factor | Multi-factor | ||
| Age | Increase by 1 | Hazard ratio | P value | Hazard ratio | P value |
| Pre-treatment ETV (cm³) | ≥ 415 vs < 415 | 1.018 (0.982-1.036) | 0.453 | 1.008 (0.964-1.032) | 0.832 |
| Gender | Female vs male | 1.982 (1.212-3.236) | 0.012 | 1.442 (0.823-2.558) | 0.178 |
| Child-Pugh classification | Class A vs (class B or C) | 0.736 (0.438-1.264) | 0.234 | 0.728 (0.416-1.282) | 0.273 |
| BCLC staging | Stage B vs (stage C or D) | 0.423 (0.252-0.668) | < 0.001 | 0.432 (0.256-0.702) | < 0.001 |
| Type of TACE | Control | 0.523 (0.318-0.852) | 0.013 | 0.538 (0.318-0.916) | 0.023 |
| Variables | Lipiodol vs DEB-TACE | 1.178 (0.723-1.916) | 0.548 | 1.016 (0.612-1.682) | 0.976 |
Table 7 Single factor and multi factor analysis results of effective tumor volume% using bias field correction
| Variable | Control | Single factor | Multi-factor | ||
| Hazard ratio | P value | Hazard ratio | P value | ||
| Age | Increase by 1 | 1.018 (0.982-1.036) | 0.453 | 1.008 (0.964-1.032) | 0.812 |
| ETV reduction rate | ≥ 41% vs < 41% | 0.523 (0.346-0.918) | 0.018 | 0.412 (0.238-0.678) | < 0.001 |
| Gender | Female vs male | 0.736 (0.438-1.264) | 0.234 | 0.748 (0.432-1.328) | 0.324 |
| Child-Pugh | Class A vs (class B or C) | 0.423 (0.252-0.668) | < 0.001 | 0.298 (0.162-0.502) | < 0.001 |
| BCLC staging | Stage B vs (stage C or D) | 0.523 (0.318-0.852) | 0.013 | 0.578 (0.332-0.976) | 0.045 |
| TACE type | Lipiodol vs DEB-TACE | 1.178 (0.723-1.916) | 0.548 | 0.832 (0.482-1.396) | 0.464 |
- Citation: Liu K, Li JB, Wang Y, Li Y. Magnetic resonance imaging bias field correction improves tumor prognostic evaluation after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for liver cancer. World J Gastrointest Surg 2025; 17(4): 104187
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9366/full/v17/i4/104187.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v17.i4.104187