Impact of a visual mobile terminal-based continuity of care model on caregiver competence of children with enterostomies

Table 1 Comparison of general information of children and caregivers in the two groups, n (%)

Groups	Number of examples	Sex of child		Age at admission (days)	Stoma site		Stoma type		Caregiver qualifications			Age of caregiver (years)
		Male	Daughter		Ileum (anatomy)	Second section of large intestine	Single lumen	Double lumen	Three-year college	Undergraduate (adjective)	Bachelor's degree
Research group	60	39 (65.9)	21 (35.0)	28.0 ± 2.6	38 (63.8)	22 (36.3)	20 (32.5)	40 (67.5)	33 (55.0)	23 (38.8)	4 (6.3)	32.7 ± 4.4
Control subjects	60	45 (74.7)	15 (25.3)	28.2 ± 2.4	42 (66.7)	18 (33.3)	18 (31.6)	42 (68.4)	32 (53.2)	23 (38.0)	5 (8.9)	32.8 ± 4.5
t or χ2 value		1.429		-0.369	1.280		0.154		0.126			-0.082
P value		0.232		0.713	0.258		0.695		0.939			0.935

Table 2 Main contents of terminal visualization modules and functions

Terminal visualization modules and functions	Fortunate timing	Thrust	Formality
Poll	The day of admission	The system uploads the results to the server for the team to view, count and analyze the basic information of the child and the disease information	Forms, questionnaires
	Day of discharge	Caregiver satisfaction questionnaires, which allow caregivers to evaluate the mobile terminal model of care and provide comments and suggestions on the work of the medical staff in the department	Poll
Nodalized push of stoma knowledge	The day of admission	Introduction to the department, basic knowledge about stoma, dietary instruction, use of mobile terminals and precautions	Graphic, video
	1 day before discharge	How to take pictures of children with stoma-related problems and precautions, the process of discharge-related procedures, preparation of pre-discharge supplies, main points to observe during the home stay, outpatient clinic visit time and review time	Graphic
	1 week after discharge	Preventive measures such as sending precautions and care measures for stoma-related complications that may occur in children, and educating caregivers about mental health and caregiving tips	Graphic, video
	3 weeks after discharge	Caregiving capacity questionnaire, dietary guidance	Forms, questionnaires
	2 months after discharge	Basic data collection form and re-admission process of the child, reminding parents to prepare supplies on time for admission procedures, in preparation for the second stage of reduction surgery	Forms, questionnaires, graphics
Image/video visualization capabilities	during home stay	Group nurses retrieve photos of children's problems from the background every day and distribute them to doctors or stoma therapists according to the problem attributes, so that healthcare professionals can visually and effectively solve children's existing problems, give real-time nursing guidance to caregivers, and provide explanations on key points of nursing care and how to use the products	Graphic, video
Text/voice message function	During home stay	Out-of-hours caregivers can leave a message for consultation, and healthcare professionals can follow up with the child and caregiver online and provide professional psychological care to the caregiver	Text, voice

Table 3 Comparison of post-intervention caregiving competence scores between the two groups of caregivers, points

Groups	Number of examples	Ostomy knowledge comprehension	Ostomy care skills	Daily life care for infants	Nutritional development monitoring in children with enterostomies	Recognizing and responding to colostomy and peripheral complications	Caregiver implementation	Totals
Research group	60	22.85 ± 1.83	27.10 ± 1.34	26.00 ± 1.69	31.97 ± 1.18	32.10 ± 1.26	32.07 ± 1.22	172.08 ± 3.49
Control subjects	60	11.92 ± 1.34	18.58 ± 1.38	17.97 ± 1.35	22.90 ± 2.00	23.03 ± 1.67	23.15 ± 1.95	117.55 ± 4.28
t value		39.282	34.165	28.774	30.282	33.498	30.065	76.404
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

Table 4 Comparison of post-intervention care burden scores of primary caregivers in the two groups

Groups	Number of examples	The time-dependent burden	Burden of development constraints	Physiological burden	Social burden	Emotional burden	CBI total score
Research group	60	9.83 ± 1.68	6.12 ± 1.28	3.17 ± 1.04	8.73 ± 1.56	9.37 ± 1.43	37.22 ± 3.17
Control subjects	60	16.97 ± 1.59	17.18 ± 1.60	12.33 ± 1.96	12.58 ± 2.22	20.93 ± 1.77	80.00 ± 4.47
t value		-23.865	-41.882	-31.935	-10.992	-39.363	-60.433
P value		< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.002	< 0.001	< 0.001

CBI: Caregiver’s burden inventory.

Table 5 Complications in the two groups of children, n (%)

Groups	Number of examples	Stoma dermatitis	Stoma prolapse	Stoma	Stoma retraction	Parastomal hernia
Research group	60	2 (3.8)	1 (1.3)	1 (1.3)	1 (1.3)	2 (3.8)
Control subjects	60	7 (11.4)	2 (3.8)	4 (6.3)	2 (3.8)	5 (7.6)
χ2 value		3.003	1	1	1	1.365
P value		0.083	0.559	0.171	0.559	0.243

¹Fisher's exact probability method.