Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing extraperitoneal and transperitoneal routes of colostomy-related complications

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies, median (25^th-75^th percentiles)

Ref.	Country	Year	Approach (open/lap)	Study design	Group EPC/TPC	Number of patients EPC/TPC	Follow-up month
Heiying et al[13]	China	2014	Lap	RCTs	EPC/TPC	18/18	17 (12-24)
Whittaker et al[14]	England	1976	Open	RS	EPC/TPC	89/162	-
Madoka et al[15]	Japan	2012	Lap	RS	EPC/TPC	22/15	23/14
Leroy et al[16]	Taiwan	2012	Lap	RS	EPC/TPC	12/10	22.25/36.3
Hino et al[17]	Japan	2017	Lap	RS	EPC/TPC	30/29	21 (2-95)
Xiao et al[18]	China	2023	Both	RS	EPC/TPC	103/202	17-46
Zhang et al[19]	China	2024	Lap	RS	EPC/TPC	37/37	36
Ota et al[20]	Japan	2022	Lap	RS	EPC/TPC	105/222	38.0/45.5
Xiao et al[21]	China	2022	Lap	RS	EPC/TPC	83/50	6
Wang et al[22]	China	2018	Lap	RS	EPC/TPC	108/123	24
Yao et al[23]	China	2023	Lap	RS	EPC/TPC	30/30	6
Wang et al[24]	China	2024	Lap	RS	EPC/TPC	37/46	32/28
Dong et al[25]	China	2012	Lap	RCTs	EPC/TPC	66/62	6-60
Marks et al[26]	United States	2005	Open	RS	EPC/TPC	37/190	60

Lap: Laparoscopic; RCTs: Randomized controlled trials; EPC: Extraperitoneal colostomy; TPC: Transperitoneal colostomy.

Table 2 Outcomes of included studies, mean ± SD

Ref.	Operation time	Blood loss	Edema	Necrosis	Ischemia	Stoma retraction	Infection	Prolapse	Mucocutaneous separation	Parastomal hernia
EPC/TPC Lap
Heiying et al[13]	14.7 ± 6.4/25.3 ± 8.5	-	0/6	-	1/1	0/0	-	1/0	-	2/0
Whittaker et al[14]	361 ± 64/308 ± 80	182 ± 118/203 ± 254	-	2/0	-	-	4/1	-	2/6	1/5
Madoka et al[15]
Leroy et al[16]	320.83 ± 65.84/350 ± 64.8	-		0/2	-	-	0/1	0/0	-	0/4
Hino et al[17]	291 ± 120/ 306 ± 102.25	43 ± 172.5/66 ± 203.25	-	-	0/2	0/3	1/0	1/4	0/1	4/12
Xiao et al[18]	209.47 ± 24.23/ 210.00 ± 24.42	90.67 ± 116.42/ 84.43 ± 41.92	-	-	-	-	3/7	6/10	0/2	7/31
Zhang et al[19]	205± 10.75 /205± 12.5	-	-	0/0	-	0/0	-	0/3	-	6/5
Ota et al[20]	289± 156.75/345.5± 192.5	50± 143.75/60 ± 407.5	-	-	-	-	17/46	-	-	2/38
Xiao et al[21]	23.1± 6/21.4 ± 4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0/4
Wang et al[22]	168.0 ± 21.2/ 170.2 ± 21.2	167.1 ± 73.7/179.1 ± 76.3	10/5	1/2	-	0/6	1/3	0/6	-	5/22
Yao et al[23]	26.64 ± 2.45/24.86 ± 2.78	-	-	-	-	1/1	-	0/2	-	0/4
Wang et al[24]	155.8 ± 38.2/158.5 ± 32.4	119.4 ± 81.3/108.7 ± 74.7	13/7	-	0/1	2/4	-	0/6	-	1/9
Dong et al[25]	21.3 ± 3.5/30.4 ± 4.2	-	-	1/1	-	1/3	-	0/2	-	0/5
EPC/TPC open
Marks and Ritchie et al[26]	-	-	-		-	-	-	-	-	1/22
Whittaker et al[14]	-	-	9/16	-	-	-	11/23	2/10	7/17	8/28

EPC: Extraperitoneal colostomy; TPC: Transperitoneal colostomy.