Evidence-based nursing to reduce polypharmacy risks in older cholecystectomy patients

Table 1 Comparison of medication knowledge scores between groups, mean ± SD

Group	n	Before nursing	After nursing	t	P value
Study group	30	53.22 ± 4.75	87.29 ± 5.09	26.804	0.000
Control group	30	54.01 ± 4.81	70.62 ± 5.38	12.606	0.000
t		0.640	12.328
P value		0.525	0.000

Table 2 Comparison of medication management competence scores between groups, mean ± SD

Group	n	Before nursing	After nursing	t	P value
Study group	30	50.65 ± 3.73	63.22 ± 3.11	20.432	0.000
Control group	30	50.82 ± 3.64	56.19 ± 4.08	12.175	0.000
t		0.783	11.259
P value		0.603	0.000

Table 3 Comparison of medication adherence scores between groups, mean ± SD

Group	n	Before nursing	After nursing	t	P value
Study group	30	4.71 ± 1.02	7.13 ± 1.04	8.496	0.001
Control group	30	4.85 ± 1.14	6.05 ± 1.03	9.102	0.000
t		0.783	10.542
P value		0.603	0.000

Table 4 Comparison of medication-related problems before and after nursing, n (%)

Group	n	Duplicate medication		Missed doses		Self-discontinuation		Unauthorized dose alteration		Schedule change
		Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After	Before	After
Study group	30	18 (60.0)	4 (13.33)a	16 (53.33)	3 (10.0)a	12 (40.0)	0 (0)a	12 (40.0)	2 (6,67)a	14 (46.47)	4 (13.33)a
Control group	30	17 (56.67)	9 (30.0)a	17 (56.67)	8 (26.67)a	14 (46.67)	6 (20.0)a	14 (43.33)	7 (23.33)a	15 (50.0)	9 (30.0)a
χ2		0.293	6.062	0.302	7.191	0.553	4.283	0.327	0.001	0.617	4.322
P value		0.102	0.001	0.-78	0.001	0.274	0.000	0.212	0.000	0.104	0.001

^aP < 0.05, comparison before and after nursing within the same group.

Table 5 Comparison of adverse drug reactions between groups, n (%)

Group	n	Gastrointestinal discomfort	Dizziness	Rash	Hepatic/renal dysfunction	Total cases (%)
Study group	30	1 (3.33)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (3.33)
Control group	30	3 (10.0)	2 (6.67)	2 (6.67)	1 (3.33)	8 (26.67)
χ2						4.706
P value						0.001

Table 6 Comparison of potential medication hazard levels between groups after nursing, n (%)

Group	n	Level 0	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Study group	30	25 (83.33)	4 (13.33)	1 (3.33)	0 (0)
Control group	30	16 (53.33)	6 (20.00)	5 (16.67)	3 (10.00)
χ2		8.272	0.902	5.782	5.093
P value		0.001	0.114	0.001	0.001